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1、“head”和和“头头”1.He was badly wounded in the head.(头部头部)2.You should use your head a bit.(头脑头脑)3.I have no head for music.(天资天资)4.The dinner cost us five dollars a head.(每人每人)5.Prick with the head of a needle.(针尖针尖)6.Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries.(首脑首脑)7.He s
2、tood at the head of the staircase.(顶端顶端)8.Heads or tails?(正面正面)1.这娃娃这娃娃头头真大。真大。The baby has got a big head.2.她正在梳她正在梳头头。She was combing her hair.3.他的女儿在山他的女儿在山头头上玩。上玩。His daughter is playing on the top of the hill.4.一辆小车停在桥西一辆小车停在桥西头头。A car was parked at the west end of the bridge.5.让我从让我从头头讲起吧。讲起吧。
3、Let me tell the story from the very beginning.6.事情不能只顾一事情不能只顾一头头。We mustn t pay attention to only one aspect of the matter.7.这是我这是我头头一次来梅州。一次来梅州。This is the first time I have been in Meizhou.8.我们有我们有30头头牛。牛。We have thirty head of cattle.n1馆:n博物馆、图书馆、旅馆、宾馆、大使馆、领事馆、茶馆、饭馆、理发馆、体育馆、展览馆、文化馆、美术馆、科技馆、天文馆、照相
4、馆n1museum,library,hotel,guest house,embassy,consulate,tea house,restaurant,barbers shop,gymnasium,exhibition hall,cultural center,art gallery,science and technology center,planetarium,photo studion2酒:n葡萄酒、白酒、烈酒、啤酒、香槟酒、鸡尾酒、白兰地酒、威士忌酒、杜松子酒n2wine,alcohol,spirits,beer,champagne,cocktail,brandy/cognac,whi
5、sky,gin.n3笔:n钢笔、铅笔、圆珠笔、蜡笔、粉笔、毛笔、画笔、电笔n3fountain pen,pencil,ballpoint pen,wax crayon,chalk,writing brush,painting brush,electroproben4好:na他是祖国的好儿子。nb庄稼长得真好。nc他们对我真好。nd楼的质量不好。ne这个问题很好回答。nf啊,好票n4naHe is a worthy son of our motherlandnbThe crops are doing wellncThey are really kind to mendThe building i
6、s not well builtneThis question is easy to answernfOh,a good seat!n5学习:na学习知识nb学习技术nc学习外语nd学习成绩ne学习别人的长处nf互相学习ng以雷锋为学习的榜样n5naacquire knowledge n bmaster a skillncstudy a foreign language ndacademic recordsneemulate others strong points n f1earn from each otherngfollow the example of Lei Feng根据上下文准确理
7、解原文词义根据上下文准确理解原文词义 n既既然然汉汉语语和和英英语语在在词词汇汇方方面面有有着着如如此此多多的的差差异异,因因此此我我们们在在汉汉译译英英时时应应仔仔细细选选择择词词语语,使使译译文文忠忠实实贴贴切切,更更好好地地为为英英语语读读者者所所接接受受。首首先先,应应根根据据上上下下文文正正确确理理解解原原文词义。文词义。n1.“1.“书书”这这个个词词在在汉汉语语中中是是一一个个十十分分常常用用的的词词,它它跟跟不不同同的的词词搭搭配配可可组组成成不不同同的的词词语,因此英语里应选择不同的词语来翻译。语,因此英语里应选择不同的词语来翻译。n一本书一本书 na bookn申请书申请书
8、 nLetter of Applicationn协议书协议书 nAgreementn家书家书 na letter from homen(使用使用)说明书说明书 n Directionsn成交确认书成交确认书 nSales Confirmationn情书情书 na love lettern证书证书 ncertificaten书画书画 npainting and calligraphyn书房书房 nstudy n书记书记 nsecretaryn书生书生 nintellectualn参考书目参考书目 nbibliography n奋笔疾书奋笔疾书 nwield ones writing brush
9、energetically 又如又如:“看看”看书看书看电影看电影 看电视看电视看黑板看黑板看病看病看朋友看朋友 看孩子看孩子 看门看门read a booksee a filmwatch TVlook at the blackboardgo to see a doctorvisit a friendtake care of childrenguard the doorn“信信“这个词在汉语中也十分常用,它跟这个词在汉语中也十分常用,它跟不同的字词搭配也可组成不同的词语,因不同的字词搭配也可组成不同的词语,因而有着不同的含义。翻译时,我们也应该而有着不同的含义。翻译时,我们也应该正确理解词义,
10、选用恰当的英语词语来翻正确理解词义,选用恰当的英语词语来翻译:译:n一封信一封信 na lettern去取信去取信 nto fetch mailn失信失信 nto break promisen信守诺言信守诺言 nto keep ones promise n信以为真信以为真 nto accept something as truen信不信信不信 nto believe it or notn信佛信佛 nto profess Buddhismn取信于民取信于民 nto win peoples confidence n信笔信笔 nto write freelyn信步信步 nto stroll idly
11、n信(达、雅)信(达、雅)nfaithfulness n善男信女善男信女 ndevout men and women talk irresponsibly;speak carelessly/rapidly;have a loose tongue;shoot off ones mouth;talk/speak at random;talk recklessly;speak without measuring ones words;say whatever comes to ones mind;say sth.without proper consideration;talk nonsense;信
12、口开河信口开河 老战士老战士 老领导老领导 老师傅老师傅 老闰女老闰女老黄牛老黄牛(比喻勤勤恳恳比喻勤勤恳恳做事而又不计名利的做事而又不计名利的人人)老芹菜老芹菜老皇历老皇历老生常谈老生常谈老捣乱老捣乱a veteran a senior leader a master craftsman the youngest daughter a willing ox(diligent and conscientious person)overgrown celery last year calendar commonplacealways make trouble炉子炉子着着得很旺。得很旺。她她着着凉
13、了。凉了。上不上不着着天,下不天,下不着着地。地。你猜你猜着着了。了。老李躺下就老李躺下就着着了。了。他有点他有点着着慌了。慌了。他走错了一他走错了一着着。The fire is burning briskly in the stoves.She has caught cold.Be suspended in mid air.Youve guessed right.Lao Li fell asleep as soon as he lay down.He got alarmed.He has made a false move.(or:take a wrong step)老王说,他没老王说,他没
14、着着了。了。屋顶上全都覆盖屋顶上全都覆盖着着积积雪。雪。这些孩子穿这些孩子穿着着整齐。整齐。再再着着一把力。一把力。这些措施都这些措施都着着眼于进眼于进一步解放生产力。一步解放生产力。Lao Wang said he was at the end of his tether.The roofs are all covered with snow.These children are all neatly dressed.Make one more effort.All this measures are aimed at further emancipating the productive
15、forces.n“情情 况况”:这这 个个 词词 的的 意意 义义 与与 英英 语语 里里 的的circumstances,condition,situation 等等词词语语相相近近。但但是是在在实实际际中中应应该该如如何何理理解解与与翻译,我们必须根据上下文来决定。翻译,我们必须根据上下文来决定。(1)在这种情况下)在这种情况下under such circumstances/such being the case(2)这种情况必须改变这种情况必须改变This state of affairs must change.(3)现在情况不同了。现在情况不同了。Now things are di
16、fferent.(4)情况怎么样?情况怎么样?How do matters stand?(5)我们应当根据具体情况做出决定。我们应当根据具体情况做出决定。We should make decisions in accordance with specific conditions.(6)他问起了她的健康情况。他问起了她的健康情况。He inquired after her health.(7)前线有什么情况?前线有什么情况?How is the situation at the front?n“事事”这这个个词词,在在通通常常情情况况下下的的对对应应词词是是thing,但但是是在在不不同同的的
17、上上下下文文中中它它的的意意义义也也会会发发生生改改变变。在在翻翻译译时时也也应应该该根根据据上上下下文文正确理解然后加以选择。正确理解然后加以选择。n把坏事变成好事把坏事变成好事nturn a bad thing into a good onen惹事惹事 nmake troublen从事从事 nbe engaged inn英雄事迹英雄事迹 nheroic deedsn平安无事平安无事 nAll is well.n公事公事 npublic affairsn出事出事 nhave an accidentn还有些未完成的事要处理。还有些未完成的事要处理。nThere is still some un
18、finished business to settle.n我们就这事请教过他。我们就这事请教过他。nWe have consulted him about the matter.n有事大家做。有事大家做。n We should all share the work.n请回去吧,这没你的事了。请回去吧,这没你的事了。nPlease go back,there is nothing of your concern now.n水平水平 1)他的英语水平比我的高。)他的英语水平比我的高。He knows more English than I.2)要奋发图强,把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平)要奋发
19、图强,把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平。We must work hard to _the military and political quality of our army.3)各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。)各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。Cadres at all levels should improve their_.这里的这里的“领导水平领导水平”,实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译,实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作作art of leadership.raise to a new heightart of leadershipn通过以上的例子我们可以看出,汉语词语通过以上的例子我们可以看出,汉语词语在不同的上下文中,其意义也是不一样的。在不同的上下文中,其意义也是不一样的。因此,在汉译英时首先我们遇到的问题就因此,在汉译英时首先我们遇到的问题就是正确理解词义。只有在正确理解词义后,是正确理解词义。只有在正确理解词义后,我们才能选择正确的词语加以翻译。我们才能选择正确的词语加以翻译。
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