英语导游基础教程tourguideEnglish.ppt

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1、A Course in General Knowledge for English Tour GuidesTsinghuaUniversityPublishingPressSep1,2009Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in ChinavLead-in QuestionsvWhatistourism?vWhenandhowdidtourismindustrybegininmoderntimes?vWhenandhowdidChinastourismstart?Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in ChinavWhatistourism?vMathi

2、esonandWall(1982):Tourismis“thetemporarymovementofpeopletodestinationsoutsidetheirnormalplacesofworkandresidence,theactivitiesundertakenduringtheirstayinthosedestinations,andthefacilitiescreatedtocatertotheirneeds.”Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in ChinavThedevelopmentoftourismvtheGrandTour:the1660sto18

3、40svThomasCook:thefirsttravelagencyin1845vBritishTravelex,AmericanExpress,JapanNationalTourismOrganizationUnit 1 A Survey of Tourism in ChinavThedevelopmentoftourisminChinavShanghaiCommercialandSavingsBank:in1923vChinaTravelAgency:in1927v1949-1974vLate1970svMid-1080svmid-1990sUnit 1 A Survey of Tour

4、ism in ChinavThehallmarkofChinastourismvChinaNationalTourismAdministration(CNTA)vGallopingBronzeHorseTreadingonaFlyingSwallowUnit 1 A Survey of Tourism in ChinavThehallmarkofChinastourismPost-class TasksvI.Fill in the blanks with what you have learnt.v1)WTOstandsfor_.v2)_wasthetraditionaltravelinEur

5、opemainlybyupper-classyoungpeoplefromthe1660sto1840s.v3)In_,British_initiatedtoestablishthefirsttravelagencyintheworld,whichofficiallymarkedthebeginningoftourismindustryinmoderntimes.v4)_setuptourismdepartmentin1923andchangeditsnameintoChinaTravelAgencyin1927,whichmarkedtheemergenceoftourisminChinai

6、nmoderntimes.v5)CNTAstandsfor_,whichissubordinateto_withitsheadquartersin_.Post-class TasksvII.Translate the following phrases into Chinese.v1)BritishTravelexv2)AmericanExpressv3)JapanNationalTourismOrganizationPost-class TasksvIII.Answer the following questions briefly.v1)WhenandhowChinabegintodeve

7、lopquicklyintourismindustry?v2)IsChinaamajortouristdestination?Forwhom?v3)WhatisthehallmarkofChinastourismindustry?Unit 2 A Survey of Chinese HistoryLead-in QuestionsvDo you know the Chinese mythological figures?Who are they?vDo you know the hominid in China?Who are they?When and how did they begin

8、to live in China?vWhen and how did Chinese history see cycles of division and unification?1.Ancient MythvPangu(盘古)1.Ancient MythvNvwa(女娲)andFuxi(伏羲)1.Ancient MythvSuiren(燧人燧人)1.Ancient MythvShennong(神农)1.Ancient MythvThe Yellow Emperor(黄帝黄帝)1.Ancient MythvThreeSovereigns:theHeavenlySovereignvtheEart

9、hlySovereignvtheHumanSovereignvFiveEmperors:theYellowEmperor,vZhuanxuvEmperorKuvEmperorYaovEmperorShun2.The Primitive SocietyvYuanmouMan(元谋人)Unit 2 A Survey of Chinese Historyv2.The Primitive SocietyvLantian Ape Man(蓝田猿人蓝田猿人)2.The Primitive SocietyvPeking Ape Man2.The Primitive SocietyvHomo sapiens(

10、智人智人):v Dali Man(大荔人大荔人)v Dingcun Man(丁村人丁村人)v Maba Man(马坝人马坝人)v The Upper Cave Man(山顶洞人山顶洞人)v Liujiang Man(柳江人柳江人)v Ziyang Man(资阳人资阳人)2.The Primitive SocietyvMatrilineal Clan Society:YangshaoCulture(仰韶文化)vPatriarchalClanSociety:LongshanCulture(龙山文化)3.The Slavery SocietyvXia(夏夏,about 2070BC-1600BC):

11、vQi(启启)vShang(商朝商朝,about 1600BC-1046BC)vYin Xu in Anyang City(安阳殷墟安阳殷墟)3.The Slavery SocietyvWestern Zhou(西周西周,1046BC-771BC)vKingWen(文王,about?-1050BC)vKingWu(武王,about1087BC-1043BC)vDan(旦,theDukeofZhou,周公,about?-1105BC)vfeudalfiefsystem(分封制),vKingYou(幽王,?-?)vAsmilecosts1,000piecesofgold.vThevassalsar

12、efooledbythebeaconfire.3.The Slavery SocietyvEastern Zhou(770BC-256BC)vKingPing(平王,about781BC-720BC)vFiveHegemonsoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770BC-476BC):DukeHuanofQiState(齐桓公),DukeWenofJinState(晋文公),DukeMuofQinState(秦穆公),DukeXiangofSongState(宋襄公)andDukeZhuangofChuState(楚庄王)vSevenGreatPowers:Qi(齐),We

13、i(魏),Zhao(赵),Han(韩),Qin(秦),Chu(楚)andYan(燕)4.The Feudal SocietyvQin(221BC-207BC)vYing Zheng(嬴政嬴政,259BC-210BC)vabolishingtheenfeoffmentsystem(分封制)vadoptingthesystemofprefecturesandcounties(郡县制)vstandardizingthescript,currencies,andweightsandmeasuresvlinkingtheGreatWallvbuildingamausoleumandpalacesonal

14、argescalevburningclassicalbooksandburyingConfucianscholarsalivevtheTerracottaWarriorsandHorses4.The Feudal Society4.The Feudal SocietyvWestern Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD)vLiuBang(刘邦,256BC-195BC)vEmperorWen(文帝,202BC-157BC)andEmperorJing(景帝,188BC-141BC)4.The Feudal SocietyvWestern Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD)v

15、EmperorWu(武帝,156BC-87BC)vdefeated,theHun(匈奴)vadoptedDongZhongshus(董仲舒,179BC-104BC)thoughtvopenedtheSilkRoadvsentZhangQian(张蹇,?-?)totheWesternRegionsvmarriedWangZhaojun(王昭君,about52BC-20BC)tothechieftainoftheHunin33BC.4.The Feudal SocietyvXin(新朝新朝,9-25)vWangMang(王莽,45BC-23AD)4.The Feudal SocietyvEaste

16、rn Han(25-220)vLiuXiu(刘秀,6BC-57AD)4.The Feudal SocietyvThree Kingdoms Period(220-280)vCaoCao(曹操,155-220)vLiuBei(刘备,161-223)vSunQuan(孙权,182-252)4.The Feudal SocietyvJin Dynasty(晋晋,265-420)vSimaYan(司马炎,236-290),vWestern Jin(265-316)and the Eastern Jin(317-420)vFive Barbarian Groups:Di(氐),Jie(羯),Qiang(

17、羌),Xianbei(鲜卑)andtheHun(匈奴)vSixteen Kingdoms:Han-FormerZhao(汉-前赵),Cheng-Han(成汉),FormerLiang(前凉),LaterZhao(后赵),FormerYan(前燕),FormerQin(前秦),LaterQin(后秦),LaterYan(后燕),WesternQin(西秦),LaterLiang(后凉),SouthernLiang(南凉),SouthernYan(南燕),WesternLiang(西凉),NorthernLiang(北凉),Xia(夏),NorthernYan(北燕).4.The Feudal S

18、ocietyvSouthern Dynasty(420-589):Song(宋,420-479),Qi(齐,479-502),Liang(梁,502-557)andChen(陈,557-589)vNorthern Dynasty(386-581):NorthernWei(北魏,386-534),EasternWei(东魏,534-550),NorthernQi(北齐,550-577),WesternWei(西魏,535-557)andNorthernZhou(北周,557-581)4.The Feudal SocietyvSui(581-618)vEmperorWen(杨坚,541-604)v

19、EmperorYang(炀帝,569-618)vTheGrandCanal(京杭大运河)4.The Feudal SocietyvTang(唐朝唐朝,618-907)vLiYuan(李渊,566-635)vLiShiming(李世民,598-649)vWuZetian(武则天,624-705)vLiLongji(李隆基,685-762vtheAn-ShiRebellion4.The Feudal SocietyvFive Dynasties:theLaterLiang(后梁),LaterTang(后唐),LaterJin(后晋),LaterHan(后汉)andLaterZhou(后周)vTen

20、 States:FormerShu(前蜀),LaterShu(后蜀),Jingnan(荆南),SouthernHan(南汉),Wu(吴),SouthernTang(南唐),Chu(楚),Min(闽),Wu-Yue(吴越),NorthernHan(北汉)4.The Feudal SocietyvNorthern Song(北宋北宋,960-1127)vZhaoKuangyin(赵匡胤,927-976)vLiao(辽辽,907-1125):Qidan(契丹)vWestern Xia(西夏西夏,1032-1227):Dangxiang(党项)4.The Feudal SocietyvSouthern

21、 Song(1127-1279)vZhaoGou(赵构,about1107-1187)4.The Feudal SocietyvYuan(元朝元朝,1271-1368)vKublaiKhan(1162-1227)vJubilee(忽必烈,1215-1294)4.The Feudal SocietyvMing(明朝明朝,1368-1644)vZhuYuanzhang(朱元璋,1328-1398vZhuDi(朱棣)4.The Feudal SocietyvQing(清朝清朝,1644-1912)vManchu(满)clanvKangxi(康熙,1654-1722)vYongzheng(雍正,167

22、8-1735)vQianlong(乾隆,1711-1799)vEmpressDowagerCixi(慈禧,1835-1908)5.Democratic Revolution PeriodvRepublic of China(ROC)vDr.SunYat-sen(孙中山,1866-1925)vPRC(Peoples Republic of China)Post-class TasksI.Fill in the blanks with what you have learnt from the unit.v1)_,_,_and_werethefourgreatestancientcountries

23、withadvancedcivilizationsintheworld.v2)AccordingtoChinesemyth,_stoodontheearthandsupportedtheheavenwithhishands,thushecreatedtheworld._refinedthefive-coloredstonestomendthesky._drewtheEightDiagramsusedindivination._firstmadefire.v3)_taughtpeopletocultivateandtastedalargenumberofherbstoidentifytheirm

24、edicalfunctions.v4)_controlledpartoftheYellowRiverValleyandinventedcart,boat,clothes,scriptandmedicine.Healsoordered_toinventcharactersand_toraisesilkworms.v5)Today,Chinesepeopleathomeandabroadarestillregardedas_.Post-class Tasksv6)AccordingtoTheRecords of the Grand Historian,“ThreeSovereigns”were:_

25、,_and_while“FiveEmperors”were:_,_,_,_and_.v7)Archeologicalsurveysshowthat_livedabout1.7millionyearsago._wasprovedtoliveabout1.15millionyearsago._livedabout400,000-500,000yearsago.v8)_datingbackabout7,000-6,000yearsagowasprosperousincolor-paintedpottery,andwasalsocalled“Color-paintedPotteryCulturePer

26、iod.”_datingbackaround4,900-4,000yearsagowasalsonamed“Grey-potteryCulturePeriod.”v9)_foundedthefirstdynastyinChinesehistoryXia,whichmarkedthetransitionofthesocietyfromtheprimitivesocietyto_.v10)_wasthefirstdynastywithrecordinChinesehistory.Post-class Tasksv11)“TheFiveHegemonsoftheSpringandAutumnPeri

27、od”were_,_,_,_and_.IntheWarringStatesPeriod,“SevenGreatPowers”were_,_,_,_,_,_and_.v12)Afterthelongbloodyfights,allpowerswereweakenedorstrengthenedwith_,_,_and_knownastheSouthernDynasty,whilethe_,_,_,_and_knownastheNorthernDynasty.v13)_wastheonlyfemalemonarchinChinesehistory.v14)In1912,_brokeoutunder

28、theleadershipofDr.SunYat-senwhowasknownas_.Thelastemperor_wasforcedtodethrone.Post-class TasksvII.Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese.v1)hominidv2)Homoerectusv3)Homosapiensv4)MatrilinealClanSocietyv5)PatriarchalClanSocietyv6)feudalfiefsystemv7)enfeoffmentsystemv8)systemofprefecture

29、sandcountiesPost-class TasksvIII.Match the following two groups of words and phrases.v1)DaliMana.HenanProvincev2)DingcunManb.ShanxiProvincev3)MabaManc.GuangxiProvincev4)UpperCaveMand.Beijingv5)LiujiangMane.GuangdongProvincev6)ZiyangManf.ShandongProvincev7)YuanmouManh.YunnanProvincev8)LantianMani.Sha

30、anxiProvincev9)YangshaoCulturej.SichuanProvincev10)LongshanCulturek.ShaanxiProvincePost-class TasksvIV.Fill in the following chart.vDynasty Founder Capital vQiYinXuvWesternZhouHaojingvEasternZhouKingPingvYingZhengvWesternHanLiuBangvLiuXiuLuoyangvWesternJinSimaYivSuivLiYuanvZhaoKuangyinKaifengvSouthe

31、rnSongZhaoGouvJubileeYanjing/DaduvMingYingtianfuvHuangtaijiPost-class TasksvV.Explain the following phrases in English.v1)TheReignPeriodoftheEmperorWensandEmperorJingsBenignAdministrationv2)EmperorWuv3)TheProsperityintheEmperorGuangwusReignPeriodv4)TheReignPeriodoftheFirstEmperorsBenignAdministratio

32、noftheDynastyv5)TheGrandCanalv6)TheBenignAdministrationofWudeReignPeriodPost-class Tasksv7)ThePalaceCoupattheXuanwuGatev8)TheBenignAdministrationoftheZhenguanReignPeriodv9)TheBenignAdministrationofKaiyuanReignPeriodv10)TheAn-ShiRebellionv11)TheFiveDynastiesandTenStatesv12)YueFeiPost-class TasksvVI.A

33、nswer the following questions briefly.v1)Whatis“clan”,howdiditform?v2)Whenwasthefeudalfiefsystemfounded?Whatisit?v3)HowdidtheChinesesayingscome,“Asmilecosts1,000piecesofgold”and“Thevassalsarefooledbythebeaconfire”?v4)DoyouknowthefamousphilosophersoftheEasternZhouDynasty?Whoarethey?v5)WhatdidYingZhen

34、gdoduringhisreign?v6)WhataretheFiveBarbarianGroupswhodividedChinaintotheSixteenKingdoms?Unit 3 General Knowledge on Chinese CultureLead-in Questionsv1.WhatwerethefourgreatestinventionsinancientChina?v2.Canyousaysomethingaboutscienceandtechnology,pharmacologyandmedicine,arts,literature,ideologyandedu

35、cationinancientChina?v3.DoyouknowtheTenCelestialStems andtheTwelveTerrestrialBranches?HowdidtheancientChinesemarkyears,months,daysandhours?1.Science and TechnologyvPekingApeMan:thefirstuserofnaturalfirevTheUpperCaveMan:firstinventedartificialfirevHemudu(河姆渡)People:firstmasteredtheskillofwell-drillin

36、gvBanpoMan(半坡人):firstproducedarrow,fishhookwithagnailandfishfork,andfirstknewhowtospin1.1 AstronomyvXia Calendar(夏历):Chinasfirstcalendarv“theinscriptionsonanimalbonesortortoiseshells”(甲骨文)vBook of Odesor Classic of Poetry(诗经):thefirstsuneclipserecordwithexactdateinChinavThe Spring and Autumn Annals(

37、春秋):theHalleysCometvGan and Shis Classic of the Constellations(甘石星经)vZhangHeng(张衡,78-139):inventedtheworldsfirstwater-poweredarmillarysphere(浑天仪)andseismometer(地动仪)vZhangSui(张遂,alsonamedMonkYixing一行,673-727):Dayan Calendar(大衍历)1.2 Agriculture and PlantingvFanShengzhi(汜胜之):theWesternHanDynasty,Fan Sh

38、engzhis Book(汜胜之书)vJiaSixie(贾思勰):theNorthernWeiDynasty,Essential Skills for the Common People(齐民要术)vChenFu(陈旉):theSouthernSongDynasty,On Agriculture(农书)vWangZhen(王桢):theYuanDynasty,On Agriculture(农书)vXuGuangqi(徐光启):Thoughts and Practice of Advocating Agriculture(农政全书)vLuYu(陆羽):theTangDynasty,“theSai

39、ntofTea”,The Classic of Tea(茶经)1.3 Handicraft and CommercevtheShangDynasty:smeltbronzeanduseirontoolsvtheSpringandAutumnPeriod:metallurgyvtheWesternZhouDynasty:vSimuwuQuadrateVessel(司母戊大方鼎)vMaogongTripod(毛公鼎)v“industryandcommerceservingthegovernment”(工商食官)vthemethodofrecoveringmeltediron(高温液体还原法)vGr

40、eatmerchants:BaiGui,LvBuwei,FanLivBartertradeCowryshellsMentalcurrencyroundcoinflyingmoney(飞钱)and“guifang”(柜坊,banksorstores)jiaozi(交子)vporcelainmanufacturing:Tangtricolorceramics(唐三彩)vLargeporcelainkilns:celadonvesselsofYueyaoKiln(越窖的青瓷)vporcelainofXingyaoKiln(刑窖的白瓷)vporcelaininJingdezheng(景德镇)vtheS

41、ongandYuanDynasties:GuanyaoKilninKaifengCity(开封的官窖)vRuyaoKilninRuzhouCity(汝州的汝窖)vJunyaoKilninYuzhouCity(禹州的钧窖)vDingyaoKilninDingzhouCity(定州的定窖)vGeyaoKilnatYuezhouTown(越州的哥窖)1.4 Ancient InventionsvEasternHanDynasty:DuShi(杜诗)invented“shuipai”(水排)vThreeKingdoms:MaJun(马钧)improveddamaskloom(绫机)vEasternJi

42、nandSouthernandNorthernDynasties:“jimingbu”(鸡鸣布)appearedvYuanDynasty:HuangDaopo(黄道婆)1.4 Ancient InventionsvShenKuo(沈括):theSongDynasty,Dream Pool Essays(梦溪笔谈),“themilestoneinChinassciencehistory”.vGuoShoujing(郭守敬):theYuanDynasty,Shoushi Calendar(授时历)vSongYingxing(宋应星),thelateMingDynasty,Exploitation

43、of the Works of Nature(天工开物),“encyclopediaoftechnologyinthe17thcentury”.1.4 Ancient InventionsvCountingandtime-keepingdevices:shadowclockorsundial(日晷),waterclockclepsydra(滴漏),hourglass(沙漏)vIvorytallies(算筹),abacusvpaper-making:CaiLun(蔡伦)in105,paperspecimenfromaWesternHantomb1.4 Ancient Inventionsvthe

44、SuiDynasty:Woodblockprinting(雕版印刷)vtheTangDynasty:Diamond Sutra(金刚经)in868vNorthernSongDynasty:vBiSheng(毕升),theceramicmovabletypeprinting(活字印刷)vWangZhen(王祯):thewoodenmovabletype(木活字印刷)vHuaSui(华燧):thebronzemetalmovabletype(铜活字印刷)vGunpowder:inventedintheSuiDynastyandusedinwarsintheNorthernSongDynastyvC

45、ompass:theQinDynastysouth-pointingdevice(司南):theWarringStatesPeriodsouth-pointingspoon(司南勺):theEasternHanDynastysouth-pointingwagon(指南车)inventedbyMaJun(马钧)intheThreeKingdomssouth-pointingfishintheNorthernSongDynastysouth-pointingneedlelater1.5 Architecture and ProjectvBanopoMan:firstbuiltY-shapedhou

46、seswithChineseethniccharacteristicsvHemuduPeople:firstconstructedstilthousesmainlyappearedinthesouthofChinavtheWarringStatesPeriod:LiBing(李冰,)andhissonconstructedDujiangyan(都江堰)IrrigationProjectvtheQinDynasty:thefirstEmperorfirstlinkedtheGreatWallvtheWesternHanDynasty:Kanerwell(坎儿井)vtheSuiDynasty:Em

47、perorYangcarvedtheGrandCanalin605vfromLuoyangtoZhuojun(涿郡)andYuhang(余杭)vfoursectionsvfivegreatwatersystemsvtheSuiDynasty:LiChun(李春)designedZhaozhouBridge(赵州桥),vtheNorthernSongDynasty:LiXie(李械),Building Standards(营造法式)vLuoyangBridge(洛阳桥vtheSouthernSongDynasty:AnpingBridge(安平桥)1.6 Pharmacology and Med

48、icinevtheWarringStatesPeriod:BianQue(扁鹊),Bian Ques Internal Classic(扁鹊内经)and“thefour-stepdiagnoses”vtheWesternHanDynasty:TheYellow Emperors Internal Classic(黄帝内经)vtheEasternHanDynasty:Shennongs Herbal Canon(神农本草经)vZhangZhongjing(张仲景),“theSageofMedicine”,On Cold Damage v and Other Diseases(伤寒杂病论)vHua

49、Tuo(华佗),“theDivineDoctor”,“cannabisboilpowder”(麻沸散)and“thevfrolicsofthefiveanimals”(五禽戏)vtheWesternJinDynasty:WangShuhe(王叔和),The Pulse Classic(脉经)vtheTangDynasty:Tang Materia Medica(唐本草)vSunSimiao(孙思邈),“theKingofMedicine”,Essential Formulas for v Emergencies(千金要方)andSupplement to the Essential Formu

50、las for v Emergencies(千金翼方)vtheSouthernSongDynasty:SongCi(宋慈),Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified(洗冤集录)vtheJinandYuanDynasties:LiuWansu(刘完素),ZhangCongzheng(张从正),LiGao(李杲)andZhuZhenxiang(朱震享)vtheMingDynasty:LiShizhen(李时珍),The Category of Herbs(本草纲目)1.7 MathematicsvtheZhouDynasty:Multiplication Tab