英语形容词和副词.ppt

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1、形容词与副词形容词与副词（一）形容词的作用（一）形容词的作用1作定语，只作定语：作定语，只作定语：left,right,inner,outer,upper,hinder,utter,former,elder,eldest,major,latter,lesser,wooden,earthen,wooden,brazen,golden,ashen,leaden,flaxen等等如：如：acarelessdriver2作表语，与系动词连用。只作表语，作表语，与系动词连用。只作表语，ill,well,content,unable,sorry,glad,mindful,exempt,bound,bent

2、,afraid,ashamed,asleep,awake,away,aware,alike,alive,alert,averse,agape,astir,aflame,afloat,afire.(还有其他以还有其他以a开头的词开头的词)如：如：Thedeskisclean.3作宾语补足语，用在作宾语补足语，用在cut,find,keep,leave,make,push,tear等动词之等动词之后。如：后。如：Thenewsmadeeveryonehappy.一、形容词一、形容词4与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物,如：如：Therichandthepoorlivevery

3、differentlives.5作状语，表示伴随、原因、结果等。如：作状语，表示伴随、原因、结果等。如：Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.(二)形容词的排列顺序OPSHACOM 是个拼缀词，它的涵义如下：OP-opinion评述性词。如beautiful，wonderful，expensive，terrible，orrible，lovely，silly，ugly等。SH-size shape表大些形状的词。如 long，short，round，square等。A-age表新旧的词。如new，old等。C-colour表颜色的词。如red，black，purple，brown，

4、yellow等。O-origin表产地的词。如Italian，Spanish，Canadian，Australian，Japanese 等。M-material表材料的词。如leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk，plastic等。按此顺序，一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克的英语为a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket。理论上一个名词前可有9个形容词，但在实际语言材料中一般不超过5个。因此，掌握了本方法可基本解决形容词修饰名词时的顺序问题。学习OPSHACOM方法时还要注意以下事项：1各修饰词（即形容词）可有缺项，但顺序不

5、变。如：a small Swiss watch。2当表大小（或长短）的词与表形状的词同时出现时，大小（或长短）在前，形状在后。如：a large square table。3定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、形容词性所有格、数词等位于句首。4数词位于定冠词、指示代词后。（数词不与不定冠词或形容词性所有格连用）5分词最靠近所修饰的名词。如：his new Japanese timing device；three scotish handmade skirts。下面请读者做几道练习题：用OPSHACOM法将下列各题括号中的单词按正确顺序排列：1（Canadian，extraordinary，an，new

6、）play 2（green，a，large）garden 3（gold，British，the，round）coin 4（ugly，writing，the，steel，seven）desks 2.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序：多个形容词修饰名词的顺序：限定描绘大长高，限定描绘大长高，限定描绘大长高，限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；形状年龄和新老；形状年龄和新老；形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，颜色国籍跟材料，颜色国籍跟材料，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；作用类别往后靠；作用类别往后靠；作用类别往后靠；限定词（冠词，代词）限定词（冠词，代词）限定词（冠词，代词）限定词（冠词，代词）-数词数词数词数

7、词-描绘形容词（描绘形容词（描绘形容词（描绘形容词（beautiful,beautiful,good,interesting,kind)-good,interesting,kind)-特征形容词特征形容词特征形容词特征形容词(大小大小大小大小+长短长短长短长短+新旧新旧新旧新旧+颜色颜色颜色颜色+国籍国籍国籍国籍+材料材料材料材料)-)-名词名词名词名词 opshacomopshacom1.This_girlisLindscousin.A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpa

8、nish2.Onedaytheycrossedthe_bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.ChinesestoneoldA AA A如如:anoldChinesestonebridgethoselargeroundblackwoodentables（一）副词的作用（一）副词的作用1作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如：个句子。如：Hehadworkedhardallhislife.（修饰动词）（修饰动词）Heisverydiligent.（

9、修饰形容词）（修饰形容词）Youcanfindbooksonthatsubjectquiteeasily.（修饰副词）（修饰副词）LuckilyshewasinwhenIcalled.（修饰句（修饰句子）子）二、副词二、副词2作表语，表示地点及位置。如：作表语，表示地点及位置。如：Theyaredownstairs.3作定语，如：作定语，如：Thepopulationhereisgettingsmallerandsmaller.（二）副词的位置和排列顺序1副词的位置副词在句中的位置比较灵活。（1）多数副词包括地点副词、方式副词和）多数副词包括地点副词、方式副词和频度副词以外的时间副词都可以放在

10、频度副词以外的时间副词都可以放在谓语动词后面，如果是及物动词就放在谓语动词后面，如果是及物动词就放在宾语后面宾语后面。如：如：Sometimes many people talked together,without anyone stopping them有时好些人一起聊天，也没有人阻止他们。I must be leaving now我现在该走了。First,read a chapter quickly to get a general idea第一，快速阅读一章，以便掌握中心思想。重点提示重点提示有些地点副词如away,down,in,on,off,out,up等也可以放在动词和宾语之间，

11、但宾语如果是人称代词，副词只能放在宾语的后面。如：（2）频度副词，通常放在谓语动词前面）频度副词，通常放在谓语动词前面。如果句子中有情态动词、助动词或动如果句子中有情态动词、助动词或动词词to be，就放在这类动词的后面就放在这类动词的后面。如如：We have never had women working in this part of our company before我们以前从来没有让妇女在我们公司的这种部门工作过。He is seldom late for work他上班很少迟到。I always meet him in the streetHe must live quite n

12、ear here我总在这条街上碰到他，想必他就住在附近。这类副词有：almost,already,always,frequently,hardly,nearly,occasionally,often,sometimes,usually,never,seldom等。另外,还有一类副词如yet,once,just,really,soon,surely等也可以放在这个位置。如：Although many families became separated,people still kept in touch with each other虽然许多家庭都分散了，但是人们还是保持着联系。Fish soo

13、n goes bad in hot weather热天鱼很快就变质了。但有的副词有时放在动词后面，如：Do you come here often?你常到这里来吗？（3）疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词和一些）疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词和一些形容整个句子的副词形容整个句子的副词。如如actually,fortunately,unfortunately,ofcourse,first,atfirst,secondly,surely,perhaps,probably,certainly等，通常放等，通常放在句子（或从句）的开头在句子（或从句）的开头。如：如：Perhaps weve going to

14、have a storm可能要来暴风雨了。Surely you dont think shes beautiful?你一定觉得她不漂亮吧？有些时间副词和频度副词也可放在句首，这类词有yesterday,tomorrow,last night,finally,at last,now,soon,once,occasionally,usually,sometimes等。如：Finally,he demanded an end to the British rule over India and independence for his country最后，他要求结束英国对印度的统治，要求国家的独立。

15、Yesterday he was late for class昨天他上学迟到了。Occasionally I try to write poems我偶尔也试着写几首诗。程度副词一般放在它所修饰的词的前面程度副词一般放在它所修饰的词的前面。如：如：After all,this ball is very important这次舞会毕竟还是很重要的。My poor mother,your hair has gone quite white!可怜的妈妈，你的头发全都变白了！重点提示重点提示enough要放在它所修饰的形容词或副词之后。如：He didnt run quickly enough他跑得不够

16、快。He is smart enough for this work他很机灵，足以胜任这项工作。2副词的排列顺序英语中几个副词用在一起时，一般的词序是：程度状态地点时间，如：They played fairly well there yesterday昨天他们在那里打得很好。三、形容词和副词的区别：三、形容词和副词的区别：1.形容词修饰系动词，副词修饰行为动词。形容词修饰系动词，副词修饰行为动词。Shealwayslooks_.(美丽）美丽）Sheisalwaysdressed_.beautifulbeautifully2.形容词修饰名词；副词修饰形容词，副词和全句。形容词修饰名词；副词修饰形

17、容词，副词和全句。Hehasgotaseriousillness.（名词）（名词）Heisseriouslyill.（形容词）（形容词）Youcanfindbooksonthatsubjectquiteeasily.（副词）（副词）LuckilyshewasinwhenIcalled.（句子）（句子）四、形容词和副词的比较等级四、形容词和副词的比较等级原级原级1.肯定肯定asadj./adv.原级原级 as2.否定否定notas(so)adj./adv.原级原级 as3.倍数倍数倍数倍数asadj./adv.原级原级 as倍数倍数thesize(height,length,width，dept

18、h)of如：如：1.Mr.SunspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.2.Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.3.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级much/manyill/bad/badlylittle more most worse worst less least比较级比较级1.构成形式：构成形式：-ermore注意不规则变化注意不规则变化 good/well far better best farther farthest further furthe

19、st2.用法用法A.表示一方超过另一方表示一方超过另一方“比较级（比较级（-er/more)than”B.表示一方不及另一方表示一方不及另一方“less原级原级than”C.表示表示越来越越来越“比较级比较级and比较级比较级”D.表示表示越越越越“the比较级比较级,the比较级比较级”E.表示表示两者中比较两者中比较“the比较级比较级ofthetwo”F.表示表示倍数倍数“倍数倍数比较级比较级than”3.比较级前的副词或副词短语。比较级前的副词或副词短语。“一点点一点点一点点一点点,稍微稍微稍微稍微”：alittle(bit),slightly,any,alittle(bit),sli

20、ghtly,any,somesome“得多得多得多得多”：many,much,alot,far,byfarmany,much,alot,far,byfar“更，甚更，甚更，甚更，甚”：even,stilleven,still4.比较级句型表达最高级含义比较级句型表达最高级含义+anyother+单数名词单数名词比较级比较级+theother+复数名词复数名词+anyoftheother+复数名词复数名词Tomistallerthananyoftheotherboysinhisclass.(=Tomisthetallestboyinhisclass.)1.形容词后置：形容词后置：A.修饰修饰so

21、me,any,no,every等构成的复合等构成的复合不定代词不定代词要后置。如：要后置。如：somethingnew;nothingserious;anythinginteresting五、形容词和副词的一些特别用法五、形容词和副词的一些特别用法B.else修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如：修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如：Nobodyelseissosillyasyouare.C.“enough”作定语时一般放在中心词前；但作副作定语时一般放在中心词前；但作副词时只能后置。词时只能后置。Wehaveenoughfoodtoeat.Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool

22、.E.某些形容词，如某些形容词，如:present(在场的，出席的在场的，出席的),involved(有关的有关的),concerned(相关的相关的),left(剩下的剩下的),mentioned(提及的提及的),selected(当选的当选的)等。等。如如:thestudentspresent(出席的学生出席的学生)thecostinvolved(所需费用所需费用)D.以以a-开头的形容词做定语要后置。如：开头的形容词做定语要后置。如：alike,alive,alone,asleep,afraid,awake如：如：Heistheonlymanawakeatthattime.3.so和和s

23、uch的用法的用法A:基本用法：基本用法：such+n./n.p.;so+adj./adv.B BB:修饰可数名词单数，修饰可数名词单数，so和和such可以互换；可以互换；如：如：sogoodastudent，suchagoodstudentC:so可加可加many,much,few,little等，而等，而such不能不能。如：如：somanypeople,solittlewaterCanyoubelievethatin_arichcountrythereshouldbe_manypoorpeople?A.such,suchB.such,so C.so,soD.so,such4.两种形式的

24、副词两种形式的副词1)close与与closelyclose意思是意思是“近近”；closely意思是意思是“仔细地仔细地”Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.2)late与与lately3)late意思是意思是“晚晚”；lately意思是意思是“最近最近”Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?3)deep与与deeplydeep意思是意思是“深深”，表示时间和空间深度；，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常时常表示感情上的深度，表示感情上的深度，深深地深深地Hepushedthestickdeepin

25、tothemud.Heoftenworksdeepintothenight.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4)high与与highly5)high表示空间高度；表示空间高度；highly表示程度，表示程度，“高度地高度地”6)Theplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide与与widelywide表示空间宽度；表示空间宽度；widely意思是意思是“广泛地广泛地”，“在在许多地方许多地方”Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6)fre

26、e与与freelyfree的意思是的意思是免费免费；freely的意思是的意思是无限制地无限制地Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.注意下列各组副词的区别注意下列各组副词的区别1)just(完成时完成时)-justnow（过去式）位置不一样（过去式）位置不一样2)rather修饰贬义词修饰贬义词-quite（同（同fairly,但语气较强但语气较强fairlygood,quitegood极好）极好）-fairly修饰褒义词修饰褒义词3)yet期望，否定，疑问句期望，否定，疑问句-

27、still原状，强调持续性原状，强调持续性-already完成，强调后果，多见于肯定句完成，强调后果，多见于肯定句4)hard努力地努力地-hardly几乎不，办否定词几乎不，办否定词-rarely很少，很少，表频率表频率-scarcely罕见罕见5)muchtoo+形容词、副词形容词、副词-toomuch太多太多+不可数名词 6)especially尤其；格外尤其；格外-specially特别地；专特别地；专门地门地 7)everyday名词短语，状语名词短语，状语-everyday形容形容词，定语词，定语8)sometime副词，将来某一天或曾经副词，将来某一天或曾经-sometimes副

28、词，有时，偶尔副词，有时，偶尔-sometime名词名词短语短语有些时间，一些时间有些时间，一些时间巩固练习：巩固练习：1.Its always difficult being in a foreign country,_ if you dont speak the language.A.Extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially2.Would you be _ do me a favor?A.kind enough B.so kind as to C.so kind toD.kind as to3.The guide told us that

29、 he would organize some businessmen from abroad to have a tour _ the next month.A.some timeB.sometime C.some timesD.sometimes4.It is _ that his English is _ perfect.A.sure veryB.right rather C.exact fairlyD.certain quiteD DB BB BD D5.Alien had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the wa

30、y home.A.much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too much D.too heavy muchA A1.She doesnt speak_ her friends,but her written work is excellent.A.as well as B.as often as C.so much as D.as good as2.Of all the story books,I like this one _.Its not interesting at all.A.very much B.the best C.very less

31、D.the leastAD3.-If you dont like the red coat,take the blue one.-Ok,but do you have _size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me.A.a big B.a bigger C.the big D.the bigger4.If the manager had to choose between the two,he would say John was _choice.A.good B.the best C.better D.the better BD5.-Its so h

32、ot today.-It surely is.Its _yesterday.A.two degrees hotter than B.two degrees as hot as C.two degree hotter than D.as two degrees hot as A6.Everybody says that this problem is _ difficult than the one you asked me about yesterday.A.a lot quite more B.quite a lot more C.a lot more quite D.very much m

33、ore quite7.He is not _ as any of us,but he is brave enough.A.as a good player B.as good a player C.a player so good D.a so good playerBB8.The harder you work,_.A.the greater progress youll make B.the greater youll make progress C.youll make the greater progress D.youll make greater progressA9.Profes

34、sor White has written some short stories,but he is _known for his plays.A.the best B.more C.better D.the mostC10.Toms handwriting is better than _.A.any other students handwriting B.any students handwriting else C.any of the other students D.any student handwriting11.Greenland,_ island in the world,

35、covers over two million square kilometers.A.it is the largest B.that is the largest C.is the largest D.the largestAD12.To my surprise he is _ than his younger sister.A.taller B.less taller C.less shorter D.less tallD13.Although Linda tried hard in the exam,she did _ than her brother.A.more badly B.m

36、uch better C.much badly D.much worseDV-ed&V-ing14.It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _ the reader.A.interested;interest B.interesting,be edC.interested;be ing D.ing;interestD15._ that he didnt know what do do.A.So excited he was B.So exciting he was C.So excited was he D.So exciting w

37、as heC1.The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.A.little white wooden B.little wooden white C.white wooden little D.wooden white littleA描绘性形容词描绘性形容词大小大小-长短长短-新旧新旧-颜色颜色-国籍国籍-材料材料修饰顺序修饰顺序2.John Smith,a successful businessman,has a _ car.A.large German white B.large white German C.whi

38、te large German D.German large whiteB3._ students are required to take part in the boat race.A.Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young C.Chinese ten young strong D.Yong strong ten ChineseA4.I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is _ than John.A.more efficiency a worker B.a more efficient worker C.more an efficient worker D.a worker more efficientlyB5.It is said that there is _ in todays newspaper.A.nothing interesting B.interesting nothing C.nothing of interesting D.no interesting anythingA