学术英语(一)unit4重点词汇.ppt

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1、Discuss the words meaningExercise 1Exercise 2Exercise 3Discuss the words meaningperspective:aparticularwayofthinkingaboutsomethingorviewingsomething Thespeakergaveusaninsidersperspectiveoffoodsafety.1.Read the sentences below and use context to write the definitions of the underlined words.One word

2、has been done for you.e.g.1.outrage:_Thepublicwereoutragedatthesuccessivecampusshooting.ThecitizensfeltoutragedattheirresponsibleremarksmadebythememberoftheParliament.“Outrage”canalsobeusedasannoun.e.g.widespreadoutrageinternationaloutragepublicoutragemoraloutrageinoutrageto make somebody shocked or

3、 angry Discuss the words meaning广泛的愤慨国际义愤公愤义愤愤怒地Note2.perpetrator:_Itisreportedthattheprincipalperpetratorofthecrimewasfinallycaughtbypoliceinasmallvillage.Similarly,Itakeintoaccountthealcoholintakeofallfamilymembers,notjustthatoftheperpetratoroftheabuse.(TextA)“Perpetrate”istheverbform.a person who

4、 commits a crime or does something wrong or evil Discuss the words meaningNote3.marital:_Thecouplehasdecidedtogetadivorce.Nowtheyareconsideringabouthiringalawyertohelpthemdividetheirmaritalassets.Intensedrinkingbytheperpetratororthevictim(spouse)oftenleadstoincreasedmaritalconflict.(TextA)Collocatio

5、ns:maritalproblemconnectedwithmarriageorwiththerelationshipbetweenahusbandandwifeDiscuss the words meaning婚姻问题Discuss the words meaningmaritaldiscordmaritalbreakdownmaritalagreementmaritalautonomymaritalcrimemaritalstatus夫妻不和婚姻破裂婚姻协议 婚姻自主(权)婚姻上的犯罪婚姻状况4.project:_Heprojectedhisguiltunconsciouslyonhisp

6、artner.Universally,allabusers,whetherhittersordrinkers,projectblameontoothers:“Itsnotmyfault”.(TextA)Exercise:Whatdoes“project”meanineachofthefollowingsentences?transferanemotionordesiretoanotherperson,especiallyunconsciouslyDiscuss the words meaningDiscuss the words meaning1.Theyareprojectinganewpl

7、antforsewagetreatment.2.Thepopulationofthatcityisprojectedtorisetoonemillioninthenextfiveyears.3.Shewantstoprojectherselfmoreasafriendthanaleader.4.Lightprojectedhisshadowontothewall.5.Hetriedtoprojecthimselfintotheirsituation.6.Sharprocksareprojectingfromtheseasatthebaseofthecliffs.设计,规划预计展现投射设想处于.

8、突出，伸出5.tirade:_Theylaunchedintoatiradeagainstthegovernmentforitsinepthandlingofthenuclearcrisis.Thepoliticiandeliveredanangrytiradeagainstthenewpolicyoftaxreduction.alongangryspeechcriticizingsomebodyorsomethingDiscuss the words meaning6.recrimination:_Graduallybothpartiesrealizedthatmutual recrimin

9、ation willdonogoodtothesolutionoftheproblem.Atthemeeting,therewasaperiodofbitterrecrimination.accusationsmadebytwopeopleortwogroupsofpeopleabouteachothersbehaviorDiscuss the words meaning7.intoxicate:_Hehasnocapacityforliquor:oneglassofwineisenoughtointoxicatehim.PeterwasarrestedforDWL(drivingwhilei

10、ntoxicated).“Intoxicate”canalsomean“toexcitesb.greatly”.e.g.Shewasintoxicatedwithsuccess.tocausetolosecontrolofonesbehaviorbecauseofalcoholdrinkoradrugDiscuss the words meaningNote8.norm:_Manychildrenwhowitnessabusefalselytakeviolenceasanormandexpectitintheirownadultrelationships.Strikesarethenormin

11、someEuropeancountries.Collocations:acceptednormethicalnormsocialnormasituationorapatternofbehaviorthatisusualorexpectedDiscuss the words meaning接受的规范;公认的标准伦理规范社会规范Discuss the words meaningstatisticalnormfamilynormconformtothenormbreakthenormdeviatefromthenormabovethenormbelowthenorm统计学标准 家庭规范符合规范违规偏

12、离常态 高于标准低于标准9.symptom:_Thedrugwillhelprelieveyoursymptomsofallergy.Symptomsofthiskindofdiseaseincludefeverandstomachache.Collocations:typicalsymptomchronicsymptomacutesymptomachangeinonesbodyormindthatshowsthathe/sheisnothealthyDiscuss the words meaning典型症状 慢性病症 急性病症Discuss the words meaningintermit

13、tentsymptomseveresymptommildsymptomphysicalsymptommentalsymptompsychologicalsymptomdisplay/have/exhibitsymptomdevelopsymptomaggravatesymptomidentifythesymptomrelievesymptom间歇性病症严重的症状轻微的症状身体上的症状心智上的症状心理上的症状呈现症状出现症状加剧症状识别症状缓解症状10.instigate:_Thefightingsbetweenthetwocountrieswereinstigatedbytheterritor

14、ydispute.Itwouldbeunwisetoinstigateamilitaryattack.“Instigate”canalsomean“incitesbtodosthbad”.e.g.Heinstigatedthetwopartiestofight.tocausesomethingbadtohappenDiscuss the words meaningNote11.imbibe:_Theyusedtoimbibecansofbeerintheopenairatnight.Itisreallydangerousifyouimbibealotbeforedriving.Note “Im

15、bibe”means“absorbsth,especiallyinformation”inthefollowingsentence.HeimbibedmuchknowledgeofEnglishhistoryfromthesebooks.to drink something especially alcoholDiscuss the words meaningNote12.ambiguous:_Theambiguous natureofmanylegislativeactsrequiresclarificationbythecourts.Shedeliberatelygaveanambiguo

16、usaccountofwhathappenedthatnight.nothavingoneobviousmeaning,confusingDiscuss the words meaning13.mediate:_Thegovernmentmediatedbetweentheworkersandtheemployers.Theyattemptedtomediatebetweenthewarringcountriestoendthefighting.“Mediation”isthenounform.tointerveneinadisputebetweentwogroupsofpeopleinord

17、ertobringaboutagreementDiscuss the words meaningNote14.harbor:_Thecriminalmayharborhatredagainsthisneighbor.Heharboredagrudgeagainsthisboss.tokeepfeelingsorthoughts,especiallynegativeonesinonesmindforalongtimeDiscuss the words meaning15.intimidate:_Thekidnapperintimidatedhimintopayingaransomof$50000

18、forhislittleboy.Heintimidatedhisneighborintosilence.Morerelatedwordsinthefamily.tofrightenorthreatensomebodyinordertomakehimdowhatonewantsDiscuss the words meaningNoteintimidationintimidatorintimidatoryintimidatingly16.pent-up:_Withoutanoutlet,herpent-updiscontentofhermarriagelifemighteventuallygrow

19、toformabnormalpsychology.Hefinallyfoundachancetoreleasehispent-upemotion.(offeelings,energy,etc.)thatcannotbeexpressedorreleasedDiscuss the words meaning17.accommodate:_Thenewcomersofthecompanyneedtoaccommodatetothenewworkingenvironment.Heaccommodatedhimselfeasilytothenewschedule.“Accommodate”means“

20、providesbwitharoomorplacetosleep,liveorsit”inthefollowingsentence.Theauditoriumcanaccommodate3000people.tochangeonesbehaviorinordertodealwithanewsituationbetterDiscuss the words meaningNote18.distortion:_Theyareinaragewiththemediasreportwhichisconsideredtobefullofdistortionsofthefacts.Hisaccountofth

21、eincidenthasbeencondemnedforagrossdistortionofthetruth.thechangingofthemeaningorpurposeofsomethingintosomethingthatonedisapprovesofDiscuss the words meaning19.milieu:_Themunicipalgovernmenttriedtocreateamilieuconducivetothetechnologicalinnovation.Thisrestructuringoffamilylifeestablishesamilieuthatto

22、leratesandaccommodatestoviolence.socialenvironmentonelivesinDiscuss the words meaning20.syndrome:_Itisararesyndromeinwhichtheproductionofwhitebloodcellsisdamaged.Thissyndromemainlyaffectedpeopleoversixties.asetofphysicalconditionsthatshowonehasaparticulardiseaseormedicalproblemDiscuss the words mean

23、ing21.irritability:_Thebosssometimesdisplaysirritabilitytowardshissubordinatesovertrifles.Apartfromoccasionalirritabilitywiththechild,heprovedhimselfagoodhusbandandfather.badtempter;atendencytobeeasilyannoyedDiscuss the words meaning22.illusory:_Theyounggraduatehasanillusoryhopethathewillfindawell-p

24、aidjobsoon.Peopleinthatcountryhadanillusorysenseoffreedomandsecurity.Exercise:Canyoulistsomeotherwordswiththesimilarmeaningas“illusory”?not real,although seeming to beDiscuss the words meaningimaginaryunrealfancifuldeceptivedelusive23.property:_Oneofthephysicalpropertiesofthemetalistoexpandwithheata

25、ndcontractwithcold.Thepupilsarecomparingthechemicalpropertiesofthesetwosubstances.“Property”alsomeans“possessions”.e.g.Heinheritedconsiderablepropertyfromhisgrandfather.aqualityorcharacteristicsthatsomethinghasDiscuss the words meaningNoteNote24.abstinent:_Thedoctorstronglyadvisedthepatienttobeabsti

26、nentfromalcohol.Experiencesuggeststhisisnotthecase;abstinentandrecoveringsubstanceabusersarewell-representedindomesticviolencecourtsandbatterersprograms.(TextB)refrainingfromanactivityorfromtheconsumptionofsomething,especiallyalcoholDiscuss the words meaning25.divergent:_Itseemstherearealwaysdiverge

27、ntviewsonthesehotissues.Capitalandlaborhavedivergentinterests.tendingtodifferDiscuss the words meaning26.cognitive:_Scientistsaretryingtounderstandtheprocessofchildrenscognitivedevelopment.Thiscognitivemodelofchildrenlearningtheirfirstlanguageisrathercomplex.connectedwithmentalprocessesofunderstandi

28、ngDiscuss the words meaning27.intervention:_Thechildwouldhavesufferedfromcontinuousabusebutfortheinterventionofthepolice.Stateinterventionineconomysometimesisinevitable.Collocations:timelyinterventionpersonalinterventiongettinginvolvedinordertoinfluenceasituationinsomewayDiscuss the words meaning及时干

29、预亲自介入Discuss the words meaningarmedinterventionforeigninterventionlegalinterventionjudicialinterventionsurgicalinterventionhumaninterventionpoliticalinterventionactiveintervention武装干涉外国的干涉法律干预司法介入外科手术治疗人为干预政治干预积极介入28.cumulative:_Peopleinthatareahavesufferedheavilyfromthecumulativeeffectofincessantfl

30、oodingtheseyears.TheKaufmanKantorandMurrayStrausstudymeasuredonlywhetherthebattererorvictimhadbeendrinkingatthetimeoftheviolence(use),nottheirdrinkingpatternorthecumulativeeffectsofdrinking(abuse).(TextB)increasinginquantity,degree,orforcebysuccessiveadditionsDiscuss the words meaning29.erosion:_Peo

31、pleinthatcountryareworryingaboutthegradualerosionoftheircivilliberties.Theerosionofthepassivefemalestereotypeislikelytoresultinmorewomenbeingchargedandconvictedofoffencesgenerally,(TextC)thegradualdestructionorremovalofpower,rights,etcDiscuss the words meaning30.domineer:_Shehadanunhappychildhoodbec

32、auseherfatherwasacoldanddomineeringman.Theyfinallygotdivorcedbecausethehusbanddomineersoverthewifeandthechildren.assertoneswilloveranotherinanarrogantwayDiscuss the words meaningDiscuss the words meaning22.Find more words of each word family.The first one has been done for you.Base formOther related

33、 forms in the word familyabusecontribute expose identify normal abuser,abusive,abusively,abusiveness,abusagecontributing,contribution,contributor,contributable exposure,exposition,expositional,expositor,expository identifiable,identification,identified,identity,unidentifiablenormally,abnormal,abnorm

34、ally,normality,normalnessDiscuss the words meaningBase form Other related forms in the word familyevidentinhibit stress stable establish evidence,evidential,evidentially,evidently,evidentnessinhibited,inhibiting,inhibition,inhibitive,inhibitory,inhibitorstressed,stressful,unstressed,stressorstabilis

35、e,stability,stabilised,unstable,instability,stabilisation established,establishing,establishment,disestablished，disestablishment,establisherDiscuss the words meaningBase formOther related forms in the word familyintense motivedomestic analyze internal intensely,intenseness,intensification,intensifie

36、d,intensify,intension,intensity,intensive,intensivelymotivate,motivated,motivating,motivation,unmotivateddomestically,domesticate,domesticated,domesticating,domesticsanalysed,analyser,analysing,analysis,analystinternally,internalize,internalization,internalizedDiscuss the words meaningBase formOther

37、 related forms in the word familyconcept eliminatedefineconstructemergeisolateconception,conceptual,conceptualisation,conceptualise,conceptualised,conceptualising,conceptuallyeliminated,eliminating,elimination,eliminative,eliminatordefinable,defined,defining,definition,redefine,redefined,redefining,

38、undefinedconstructed,constructing,construction,constructive,reconstruct,reconstructed,reconstructing,reconstructionemerged,emergence,emergency,emergent,emergingisolated,isolating,isolation,isolationism,isolationist,isolatableDiscuss the words meaning3.Explain the meaning of the following roots.Add a

39、t least five similar derivatives with their Chinese definitions.One example has been given to you.RootsMeaningMore derivatives with Chinese translatione.g.physiorelating to nature and natural phenomenaphysics物理学；physiology 生理学；physiologist生 理 学 家；physiotherapy 物 理 疗 法；physiological 生理的Discuss the wo

40、rds meaningRootsMeaningMore derivatives with Chinese translation1uni-one；having one2tri-three;having three3minsticking out universally普遍地；uniform制服；unicellular单细胞的；unicorn（传说中的）独角兽 unicycle独轮脚踏车；unilateral单方面的；unify统一triangulation三角定位；triangular三角形的；tricycle 三轮脚踏车；triathlon 铁人三项赛；tricolor三色旗（尤指法国和爱尔

41、兰国旗）trilogy 三部曲，三部剧；trio三重奏，三重唱prominent主要的,eminent 显著的，杰出的，preeminent 卓越的，显著的，imminent 逼近的Discuss the words meaningRootsMeaningMore derivatives with Chinese translation3minto jut,projectprominent主要的,eminent 显著的，杰出的，preeminent 卓越的，显著的，imminent 逼近的4neuronerveneurotransmitter 神 经 传 递 素;neuroscience神 经

42、 系 统 科 学；neurosurgeon 神经外科医生；neuroactive 刺激神经组织的；neuroanatomy 神经解剖 neuropath 神经质者5patrifatherpatriarchy父权制,patriarch家长，族长,patrimony世袭财产,patrilineal 父系的，父子相传的,patricide 杀父罪,patriot 爱国者,compatriot 同胞Discuss the words meaningRootsMeaningMore derivatives with Chinese translation6stereorelating to solid

43、forms having three dimensions7domhouse8gressto walkstereotype 模式化观念（形象）,stereochemistry立体化学,stereograph立体像片,stereogram 立体图,stereoscopic 有立体视觉的domestic家庭的,国内的,domicile 住所，住宅,domesticate 驯化,domiciliary住处的，住家的,domesticity家庭生活aggress 侵略,digress 离题，脱轨,regress 回归，逆行,transgress越界,retrogress退步，衰退Discuss the

44、 words meaningRootsMeaningMore derivatives with Chinese translation9hyper-over,beyond10termboundary,limithyper-irritable过度应激的,hypersensitive过于 敏 感 的,hypersonic高 超 音 速 的,hyperphysical超自然(物质)的,hypercritical吹毛求疵的,hyper-cautious 过于小心的,hypercompetitive 竞 争 过 于 激 烈 的,hypergenesis发育过度,hypertension 高血压terminate结束，终止,determine决定,exterminate消灭，根除,terminable 有期限的，可终止的,interminable没完没了的，无休止的