考研英语常考语法难点讲义.ppt
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1、考研英语常考语法难点考研英语常考语法难点考研英语常考语法难点考研英语常考语法难点讲义讲义讲义讲义南京跨考南京跨考20132013仇永香仇永香第一讲第一讲 While 的用法的用法(1)基本词性词义)基本词性词义n.一会儿,一段时间,一会儿,一段时间,wait for a while V.消磨(时光),轻松度过,消磨(时光),轻松度过,while away He whiled away the whole afternoon surfing the internet.Conj.当当的时候的时候 we must strike while the iron is hot.I will take ca
2、re of the baby while you are away.而,然而,而,然而,表对比。做并列连词表对比。做并列连词 Some people waste food while others still suffer starvation.The son was having a good meal at home,while the parents were working in the field.I like the banana while he likes pineapple.(2)重点词义重点词义Conj.虽然虽然但是但是,尽管,尽管但是但是 多放于句首,引导让步状语从句Wh
3、ile he loves his students,he is very strict with them.While these experiments are interesting and useful,it is important to remember that they may not always tell us much.只要,引导条件状语从句While there is life there is hope.While there is a will there is a way.(3)真题链接真题链接 One Italian example would be the Be
4、rluconi group,while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.(05年翻译)While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly,there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretation supplied to them by lawyers.4.联想记忆:联想记忆:(1)While 与when 的区分when 后面引导的从句,谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可为短暂性动词,且可做并列连词,表示:“这时”但是在
5、接下来几种情况下,只能用when.A:be about towhen正打算这时(发生了另外一件事)B:was/were doingwhen 正在.这时(发生了另外一件事)C:had donewhen 刚要做这时(发生了另外一件事)eg.When we were about to set out when it began to rain.He had hardly sat down when his mobile phone rang.While 后面引导的谓语动词必须为延续性动词,强调主从句的两个动词同时发生;The baby fell asleep in the sofa while hi
6、s mother was cooking in the kitchen.(2)While 表示“然而 时”,与but 的区分 Honey is sweet,but the bee stings.I ought to have helped her but I never could.While作并列连词用,意思为“而,然而”,表对比。而but表转折。注意用心比较体会while与but的句中用意.5.Writing tips:some people/students prefer sth while others would rather doThere are many reasons for
7、 this:first of all,parents tend to be conservative and satisfied with what they have,while children are always keen to experience something new,and are quick to adopt new fashion and ways of thinking.Parents,because they have a better understanding of the dangers in society,criticize their youngster
8、s behavior and are reluctant to let them have their own way.94单选单选1.By the time you arrive in London,we _ in Europe for two weeks.A.shall stay B.have stayed C.will have stayed D.have been staying2.I appreciated _ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.A.having been given B.having given C.to h
9、ave been given D.to have given3.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems,_ obtaining water is not the least.A.of which B.for what C.as D.whose4.The heart is _ intelligent than the stomach,for they are both controlled by the brain.A.not so B.not much C.much more D.no more5._ the fact
10、that his initial experiments had failed,Prof.White persisted in his research.A.Because of B.As to C.In spite of D.In view of6.Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it _ in religious,as well as worldly,frame of reference.A.is to be analyze
11、d B.has been analyzedC.be analyzed D.should have been analyzed7.The millions of calculations involved,had they been done by hand,_ all practical value by the time they finished.A.could lose B.would have lost C.might lose D.ought to have lost8.No bread eaten sweet as _ earned by his own labor.A.one B
12、.that C.such D.what9.It isnt cold enough for there _ a frost tonight,so I can leave Jims car out quite safely.A.would be B.being C.was D.to be10.Scientists generally agree that the Earths climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years _ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.A.as lo
13、ng as B.as much as C.as soon as D.as well as11.Please do not be _ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.A.disregarded B.distorted C.irritated D.intervened12.Craig assured his boss that he would _ all his energies in doing this new job.A.call forth B.call at C.call on D.ca
14、ll off13.Too much _ to X-rays can cause skin burns,cancer or other damage to the body.A.disclosure B.exhibition C.contact D.exposure14.When confronted with such questions,my mind goes _,and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.A.dim B.blank C.faint D.vain15.It is well known that knowledge is t
15、he _ condition for expansion of mind.A.incompatible B.incredible C.indefinite D.indispensable16.More than two hundred years ago the United States _ from the British Empire and become an independent country.A.got off B.pulled down C.broke away D.attached to17.Care should be taken to decrease the leng
16、th of time that one is _ loud continuous noise.A.subjected to B.filled with C.associated with D.dropped off18.Some of the most important concepts in physics _ their success to these mathematical systems.A.oblige B.owe C.contribute D.attribute19.As your instructor advised,you ought to spend your time
17、 on something _ researching into.A.precious B.worth C.worthy D.valuable20.As a defense against air-pollution damage,many plants and animals_ a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.A.relieve B.release C.dismiss D.discard21.Without the friction between their feet and the ground,people would _ be able
18、 to walk.A.in no time B.by all means C.in no way D.on any account22.While typing,Helen has a habit of stopping _ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.A.occasionally B.simultaneously C.eventually D.promptly23.One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S.is that they have taken gr
19、eat _to educate their children.A.efforts B.pains C.attempts D.endeavors24.If any man here does not agree with me,he should _his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.A.put on B.put out C.put in D.put forward 25.I support your decision,but I should also make it clear that I am
20、not going to be _to it.A.connected B.fastened C.bound D.stuck26.The English language contains a(n)_of words which are comparative seldom used in ordinary conversation.A.altitude B.latitude C.multitude D.attitude27.In my opinion,you can widen the _of these improvements through your active participati
21、on.A.dimension B.volume C.magnitude D.scope28.Your improper words will give _to doubts concerning your true intentions.A.rise B.reason C.suspicion D.impulse29.The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made _.A.on the spot B.on the site C.on the location D.on the ground30.The rema
22、rkable _of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.A.classification B.variety C.density D.diversion语法归纳:语法归纳:(1)no more than 不多于,仅仅,只有,形容少 The expert advised no more than 3 grams for healthpeople.not more than 为 more than 的否定形式 不多于,不超过no less than 不
23、少于,多则,I have not more than 3 relatives in this city.not less than 为less than 的否定式 不少于 no more than.doc (2)if 引导的虚拟语气引导的虚拟语气 三种基本形式三种基本形式与现在事实相反,从句的谓语动词用were/did 主句的谓语动词用could/would/might+do与过去事实相反,从句 had done,主句的谓语动词用would/could/might have done与将来事实相反,从句用 were/were to do/did/should do主句用would doIf 引
24、导的虚拟语气的倒装形式If省略,从句中的were,should,would提到主语之前。95年单选1.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed _.A.had produced B.have been produced C.would have produced D.had been produced 2.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer th
25、an _ in the public mind today.A.exists B.exist C.existing D.existed3.The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds _ his argument in favor of the new theory.A.which to base on B.on which to base C.to base on which D.which to be based on4._ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is
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