翻译技巧词义的选择与引申.ppt

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1、Selection and Extension I.Review II.Introduction to the techniques of translation III.Selection of word meaning IV.Extension of word meaning V.Summary VI.Assignments VII.References for further reading Teaching ProceduresTranslation and equivalenceTranslation methodTranslation process and principlesT

2、ranslation factors and treasonTranslation theory and techniquesI.Review Experience skills in translation:1.selection of word meaning,2.extension of word meaning,3.conversion of parts of speeches and sentence structures,4.long sentence translation,5.paragraph and passage translation,6.translation of

3、articles of different kinds of styles,etc.Introduction to the techniques of translationa.Select word meanings according to parts of speeches.1.Microprocessors monitor tyre wear and brake power on cars.(v.)2.The patient was connected to a television wave monitor.(n.)3.He likes making chemical experim

4、ents.(v.)微机微机检测检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。病人情况通过波形病人情况通过波形监视器监视器监视。监视。他他喜欢喜欢做化学实验。做化学实验。III.Selection of word meaning4.Like charges repel each other,unlike charges attract.(adj.)5.Like the human brain,a computer also has a memory where it can store vast quantities of information.(prep.)6.I hope I c

5、an operate the machine like you do.(conj.)7.All matters such as iron,water,air,and the like are made up of atoms.(conj.)8.Like enough,the ship will arrive in port.(ad.)同性同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。计算机计算机像像人脑一样，人脑一样，也有一个能储存大量信息的存储器也有一个能储存大量信息的存储器我希望能我希望能像像你你一样一样操纵机器。操纵机器。一切物质，例如铁、水、空气一切物质，例如铁、水、空气等等，都

6、是由原子构成的。，都是由原子构成的。这艘船这艘船很可能很可能明天进港。明天进港。III.Selection of word meaning1.The countrys industry has developed quickly in the last decade.2.To develop the instrument,many experts were invited.3.In developing the design,the engineer must apply his knowledge of engineering and material science.4.In order

7、to develop our power industry,we must produce more and pore powerful generators.b.Select word meanings according to the context.过去过去10年我国工业发展迅猛。年我国工业发展迅猛。为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。在进行设计时工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。在进行设计时工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。为了发展我国的电力工业，为了发展我国的电力工业，我们必须生产越来越多的大功率我们必须生产越来越多的大功率发电机发电机III.Se

8、lection of word meaning5.Instruments capable of measuring most kinds of error automatically and methods of feeding the information back to the machines controls have been developed.6.He is the last man to come.7.He is the last man to do it.8.He is the last person for such a job.9.He should be the la

9、st(man)to blame.10.He is the last man to consult.11.This is the last place where I expected to meet you.能自动测量多种误差的仪器，能自动测量多种误差的仪器，以及把信息反馈给机器控制以及把信息反馈给机器控制机构的方法已经研制出来了。机构的方法已经研制出来了。他是最后来的。他是最后来的。他决不会干这种事。他决不会干这种事。他最不配干这工作。他最不配干这工作。怎么也不该怪他。怎么也不该怪他。根本不宜与他商量。根本不宜与他商量。我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。II

10、I.Selection of word meaning1.Power can be transmitted over a long distance.2.China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons although considered one of the nuclear powers.3.16 is the four power of 2.(27 is the third power of 3.)4.What is the power of the engine?c.Select word meanings according to

11、 speciality.电力可以远距离输送。电力可以远距离输送。尽管中国是核大国，尽管中国是核大国，但中国决不会首先使用核武器。但中国决不会首先使用核武器。16是是2的的4次方。次方。（27是是3的的3次幂。）次幂。）这台电机的功率是多少？这台电机的功率是多少？III.Selection of word meaning1.high beam2.high brass3.high current4.high explosive5.high gear6.high seas7.high summer8.high steeld.Select word meanings according to coll

12、ocation.远距离光束远距离光束优质黄铜优质黄铜强电流强电流烈性炸药烈性炸药高速齿轮高速齿轮公海公海盛夏盛夏硬钢硬钢III.Selection of word meaning9.To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her,but it had been an agony for years.10.He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working,as though about to take off.11.Every material t

13、akes up space.12.The electronic computers are taking over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains,but they are not replacing us.脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起来的样子。他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起来的样子。一切物质都占有空间。一切物质都占有空间。计算机正在接替原来由人脑进行的某些工作，但是它们

14、不计算机正在接替原来由人脑进行的某些工作，但是它们不能代替人。能代替人。III.Selection of word meaning1.Public opinion demands that something should be done to end the strike.2.The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I missed the green.一、抽象词语具体化一、抽象词语具体化众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工。众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工。我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。IV.Extension

15、of word meaning1.The character of these people is a mixture of the tiger and the ape.2.Everyone has rain and sunshine(roses and thorns)in their life.二、具体词语抽象化二、具体词语抽象化帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾。帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾。每个人的生活都有甜有苦。每个人的生活都有甜有苦。IV.Extension of word meaning1.During the first part of his life,Lincoln was a

16、 storekeeper and postmaster.2.A network of highways was built from coast to coast.3.He found that the mercury column measured the predicted height.4.Jets are a new development in aviation.5.The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is casting.三、改换说法三、改换说法林肯林肯早年早年当过店主和邮政局长。当过店主和邮

17、政局长。横跨大陆横跨大陆建筑了一个公路网。建筑了一个公路网。他发现水银柱他发现水银柱达到了达到了预期的高度。预期的高度。喷气式飞机是航空事业上的一个喷气式飞机是航空事业上的一个新成就新成就。死译：原材料与成品之间死译：原材料与成品之间最短的距离最短的距离是铸造。是铸造。引伸译：铸造是原材料加工成成品的引伸译：铸造是原材料加工成成品的最简便方法最简便方法。IV.Extension of word meaning6.The alternating current does not know such a disadvantage as the direct current does.7.If ir

18、on is kept moist,rusting is rapid,which might lead us to think that water was the influence causing the corrosion.死译：交流电不知道直流电的这种缺点。死译：交流电不知道直流电的这种缺点。引伸：交流电不存在直流电的这种缺点。引伸：交流电不存在直流电的这种缺点。死译：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引死译：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引起腐独的起腐独的影响。影响。引伸：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以为水是引引伸：如果保持潮湿，生锈就快，这可能使我们以

19、为水是引起腐独的起腐独的原因原因。IV.Extension of word meaning8.A creative person will almost never follow a set pattern in developing an idea.To do so would tend to structure his thinking and might limit the creation of possible solutions.死译：一个有创造性的人在形成一种想法时，决不会死译：一个有创造性的人在形成一种想法时，决不会按照一种固定不变的方式行事。这样就会构选于限制按照一种固定不变

20、的方式行事。这样就会构选于限制创造出可能的解决方案。创造出可能的解决方案。引伸：一个有创造性的人在形成一种想法时，决不会引伸：一个有创造性的人在形成一种想法时，决不会按照一种固定不变的方式行事。这样就会束缚他的思按照一种固定不变的方式行事。这样就会束缚他的思想，妨碍他找出各种解决方案。想，妨碍他找出各种解决方案。IV.Extension of word meaning1.John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.2.Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized

21、power.3.Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen.4.Mr.Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.四、词义的褒贬四、词义的褒贬约翰是个约翰是个积极肯干的积极肯干的推销员，他工作干得很出色。（褒义）推销员，他工作干得很出色。（褒义）希特勒夺取了政权之后就推行希特勒夺取了政权之后就推行侵略侵略政策。

22、（贬义）政策。（贬义）汉斯说，这位先生是他所见过的最有胆识的人。这种汉斯说，这位先生是他所见过的最有胆识的人。这种阿谀阿谀奉承奉承未免过于露骨。（贬义）未免过于露骨。（贬义）布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时感到非常布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时感到非常荣幸荣幸。（褒义）。（褒义）IV.Extension of word meaning5.It must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall.6.I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of sit

23、uation,and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.7.I am a highly successful student with a brilliant academic record.8.He was Kerry Rudman,33,and no stranger to trouble.现在看来，一定是这种明显的毫无目的的游逛使我现在看来，一定是这种明显的毫无目的的游逛使我倒了霉倒了霉。（贬义）（贬义）这样一来，在他们眼里，我就像是非常熟悉这一套了，也使这样一

24、来，在他们眼里，我就像是非常熟悉这一套了，也使他们更加确信我是一个地地道道的他们更加确信我是一个地地道道的坏蛋坏蛋。（贬义）。（贬义）我是一个学业出众的高材生。（褒义）我是一个学业出众的高材生。（褒义）他叫克里他叫克里.拉德曼，拉德曼，33岁，岁，惹事生非已不是一次了惹事生非已不是一次了。（贬义）。（贬义）IV.Extension of word meaning9.Paula didnt need any lessons when it comes to office politics.10.He was a man of high renown.11.His notoriety as a r

25、ake did not come until his death.12.We were shocked by his coarse manners.说到办公室里明争暗斗的那一套，波拉说到办公室里明争暗斗的那一套，波拉可算是无师自通可算是无师自通。（贬义）（贬义）他是位有他是位有名望名望的人。（褒义）的人。（褒义）他作为流氓的他作为流氓的恶名恶名是他死后才传开来的。（贬义）是他死后才传开来的。（贬义）我们对他的我们对他的粗暴粗暴态度感到震惊。（贬义）态度感到震惊。（贬义）IV.Extension of word meaningV.Summary1.How to understand transl

26、ation techniques2.Selection of word meaning3.Extension of word meaningVI.Assignments1.Review lessons2.Make further reading3.Do exercises in your handoutsVII.References for further reading1.陈秋劲编著陈秋劲编著.英汉互译理论与实践（第一版）英汉互译理论与实践（第一版）.湖湖 北：武汉大学出版社，北：武汉大学出版社，2005.2.范仲英编著范仲英编著.实用翻译教程（第一版）实用翻译教程（第一版）.北京：北京：外外 语教学与研究出版社，语教学与研究出版社，2005.3.郝丽萍等编著郝丽萍等编著.实用英汉翻译理论与实践（第一实用英汉翻译理论与实践（第一 版）版）.北京：机械工业出版社，北京：机械工业出版社，2006.4.叶子南著叶子南著.高级英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）高级英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）.北京：清华大学出版社，北京：清华大学出版社，2001.