大学英语三级考试语法专题复习ppt课件.ppt
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1、大学英语三级考试语法总结语法考题的涉及面宽近年考题出现频率最高的:几乎所有词类,三种动词的非谓语形式,名词从句,形容词从句,副词从句,独立主格,主谓一致,倒装,强调,虚拟语气等基本语法知识。语法考试的重点突出语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目,这些项目有时还会反复出现如:虚拟语气,状语从句,定语从句,独立主格,情态动词。1.虚拟语气虚拟语气4.时态时态14.词形转换词形转换2.定语从句定语从句3.状语从句状语从句11.倒装句倒装句12.强调句强调句8.比较级和最高级比较级和最高级6.分词作状语分词作状语7.分词作定语分词作定语10.同位语同位语9.先行词先行词 it15.词组词组5.被动语
2、态被动语态13.动词动词+-ing/-to do 虚拟语气概念:虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。考点:1.由if引导的虚拟条件句 If 从句从句 主句主句表表示示对现在在情情况的假况的假设过去式did(*be动词用were)should/would do*表表示示对过去去情况的假情况的假设haddoneshould/would/might/could havedone注意点:条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,而将had,sho
3、uld,were等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。练习题:1.If he had taken the lawyers advice,he(save)_ himself a great deal of trouble.2.He might have been killed in that car accident yesterday if he(take)_ part in that activity with the team.3._ last Friday,he would have got to Paris.A.Would he leave B.Had he left C.If he is
4、to leave D.If he was leaving 4.If I(be)_ you,I would not miss the job interview tomorrow morning.考点:2.在表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中,分句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或直接用动词原型。(1)用在demand,insist(坚持),order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest等动词之后的that-分句中。Be-Be-型虚拟语气型虚拟语气(2)用在advisable(可取的、明智的),desirable(称心合意的),e
5、ssential(必要的、必 不 可 少 的),important,impossible,necessary,proper等形容词后的that-分句中。(3)用 在 decision,demand,order,requirement(需要)等名词后的that-分句中。练习题:1.The representative of the company demanded that part of the agreement _ revised.A.will be B.is C.to be D.be2.It is suggested that the president of the Union(mak
6、e)_ a speech on behalf of all the workers.3.It is important that he(be)_ called back immediately.考点:3.“情态动词+完成时态”的不同用法(1)*should have done 表示“应当做某事(但是没有做)”shouldnt have done sth 表示“本不应该做某事(而做了)”(2)must have done 对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,表示“一定做了某事”。否定形式是“couldnt have done”(3)neednt have done sth 表示“本没必要做某事(却
7、做了)”(4)would like to have done sth 表示“本打算做某事(却没做)”1.This ATM has been out of service for a few days.It should _ last week.A.fix B.be fixed C.have fixed D.have been fixed2.Jack must _(go)away-we can not find him anywhere in the factory.练习题:3Tom _ the party as no one saw him there yesterday morning.A.
8、can not attendB.mustnt attend C.wont have attendedD.couldnt have attended表示“严禁”考点:4、其他特殊句式(1)在It is(about/high)time+that定语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“该做的时候了”,其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原形。练习题:I think it is high time we _(take)strict measures to stop pollution.(2)wish,would rather(sooner)后的宾语从句,谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词形式用法a.过去式(did)
9、表示当时未实现的愿望b.过去完成时(had done)表示过去未实现的愿望c.过 去 将 来 时(would do)表示将来不大可能实现的愿望一、形容词性从句概要定义:形容词性从句一般称为定语从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时可修饰一个句子。结构:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词的后面,由关系词引导。先行词+关系词+定语从句形容词性从句定语从句1.Hereisaboy,andhedamagedthevase.Hereistheboy(whodamagedthevase).先行词先行词关系代词(作主语)关系代词(作主语)2.Mycousinisanenginee
10、r,andhewenttoEuropelastweek.Mycousin,whoisanengineer,wenttoEuropelastweek.先行词先行词关系代词(作主语)关系代词(作主语)二、定语从句的分类限制性关系分句限制性关系分句非限制性关系分句非限制性关系分句1限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不不可可分分割割的联系,缺少了它,作为先行项的名词(词组)便不能明确不能明确表示其所指对象。非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间只有比比较较松松散散的联系,因此,如果省略一个非限制性关系分句,并不影响不影响先行项的所指意义。2在口语中前后没有停顿,在书写中通常不用逗号不用逗号。在口语中有
11、停顿,在书写中常常用用逗逗号隔开号隔开。3Here is the boy who damaged the vase.My cousin,who is an engineer,went to Europe last week.限制性关系分句限制性关系分句非限制性关系分句非限制性关系分句指指 人人指指 物物指人指人指物指物作作主主语语who that which thatwho/whom/whosewhich 作作宾宾语语whom/who/that/zero which/that/zero 作介作介词补词补足成足成分分whom which 定语从句中定语从句中关系关系代词代词的选择的选择成分成分关
12、系关系代词代词定语从句中定语从句中关系关系副词副词的选择的选择1.when表示时间2.where表示地点3.why表示原因它们在定语从句中都充当状语成分状语成分。1.The advertising company recently hired a designer _ had once won a prize in a national contest.A.whose B.which C.whom D.who 2.It is important to provide an environment _ people are encouraged to make suggestions at al
13、l levels of the company.A.from which B.on which C.in which D.for which 练习题:3.Once more I have to leave Beijing,_ I have been living for eight years.A.that B.where C.which D.as 4.There is no evidence _ oil price will come down in the near future.(同位语)A.which B.that C.where D.as5.It was not such a goo
14、d job _ she had read about in the advertisement.A.like B.which C.as D.what状语从句状语从句1.时间状语从句时间状语从句当当时候时候when,while,as在在之前之前before 在在之后之后after一一就就as soon as,the moment,the minute,the instant直到直到直到直到才才until/tillnot until/till词例词例含义含义1.The new staff didnt know how to use the system _ I explained it to hi
15、m yesterday.A.until B.because C.if D.since2.They had talked only for a few minutes _ they found they were of different opinions.A.unless B.while C.before D.once 3.I will ask Mr.Smith to ring you up _ he comes back to the office.A.when B.where C.because D.although 4.They will not start the project un
16、til the board chairman _ back from South Africa.A.will comeB.is comingC.cameD.comes类别类别词例词例2条件状语从句条件状语从句if 如果如果unless 除非,若不除非,若不3原因状语从句原因状语从句because 因为因为since 既然既然4让步状语从句让步状语从句though/although 虽然虽然even if/though 即使即使5结果状语从句结果状语从句so+a./ad.+that 如此如此以至于以至于6目的状语从句目的状语从句so thatin order that in case以免、以防万
17、一以免、以防万一lest免得免得目的是目的是5.He was attending a meeting,_ he would have come to your party yesterday.A.unless B.when C.but D.or 6.She did not go to the party last night,_ she had to finish her term paper.A.if B.though C.till D.because7.Young _ he is,he has proved to be an able salesman.A.that B.who C.as
18、D.whichasas构成的让步状语从句:构成的让步状语从句:名词词组名词词组/形容词形容词+as+as+主语主语+谓语谓语尽管他是个孩子,他对软件编程却知道很多。Child as he is,he knows much aboutsoftwareprogramming.一般时态一般时态进行时态进行时态完成时态完成时态完成进行时态完成进行时态现现在在writewritesam is arehashavehas have过过去去wrotewaswere had written had been writing将将来来shallwillshallwillshallwillshallwill过过去去
19、将将来来shouldwouldshouldwouldshouldwouldshouldwouldwritingwritten been writingwritingwritebewritinghavewritten have been writing writebewritinghavewritten have been writing 现在完成时现在完成时has/have done用法用法已完成已完成未完成未完成动动作作或或过过程程发发生生在在说说话话之之前前某某个个没没有有明明确确说说出出的的过过去去时时间间,现现在在已已完完成并和现在情况联系。成并和现在情况联系。是是指指动动作作或或状状
20、态态从从过过去去某某时时开开始始继继续续到到现现在在,可能继续下去可能继续下去.例句例句e.g.Hes turned off the light.e.g.Hes lived here since 1960.注释注释灯灯在在一一个个过过去去时时间间被被关关掉,说话时仍然关着。掉,说话时仍然关着。他他从从19601960年年来来到到这这里里居居住,至今还住在这里。住,至今还住在这里。过去完成时把时间推移到过去某一时间之前,与现过去完成时把时间推移到过去某一时间之前,与现在时间不发生联系在时间不发生联系-表示过去的过去。表示过去的过去。e.g.She told me her name after I
21、 had asked(ask)her twice.过去完成时过去完成时 had done现在现在她告诉我她的名字她告诉我她的名字我问她的名字我问她的名字dodidhad done 现在完成(进行)时经常与现在完成(进行)时经常与since-since-词组或词组或since-since-分句分句连用,表示连用,表示“自某时以来自某时以来”一直进行或者未进行一直进行或者未进行某项活动。某项活动。主句(现在完成时主句(现在完成时/现在完成进行时),现在完成进行时),since-since-从句从句(一般过去时)(一般过去时)e.g.I e.g.I have livedhave lived in t
22、he dormitory,since I in the dormitory,since I arrivedarrived here.here.现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时自从我来这儿,就住在学生公寓。自从我来这儿,就住在学生公寓。Since-结构by the end of by the timeBy the end of By the time到时候为止表示将来时间的表示将来时间的词组或分句词组或分句,主句时态(主句时态(will have done)1.By the end of next month,we(find)_ a good solution to the techni
23、cal problem.2.By the time you come to see me next month,I _ my term paper.A.have completed B.complete C.am completing D.will have completedIt is/will be+the first time that 分句(现在完成时)(现在完成时)e.g.Is this the first time youve come to China?It was the first time that 分句(过去完成体)(过去完成体)e.g.It was the second
24、 time I had been(be)abroad.“It is the first time+that It is the first time+that 分句分句”中的使中的使用用Back这是你第一次来中国吗?这是你第一次来中国吗?这是我第二次出国这是我第二次出国不定式作状语*()表示目的 e.g.We will go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor.()表示结果 e.g.He hurried home only to find that his grandfather was dead.()表示原因 e.g.He
25、was lucky to have found the lost child.分词作状语-ing分词作状语()作时间状语 e.g.(When we were)Climbing to the top of the tower,we saw a magnificent view.()*作原因状语 e.g.Having worked hard all day,I was ready for bed.()*作伴随状语 e.g.He ran up to her,breathing heavily.表示主动-ed分词作状语(1)*作时间状语 e.g.(When it is)Heated,the metal
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