状语从句学习.pptx

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1、第1页/共100页1.什么是状语：什么是状语：在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分被称为状语。如：的成分被称为状语。如：He works very hard.He is real handsome.2.什么是状语从句：什么是状语从句：用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。really第2页/共100页 1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:（时间状语从句）3.Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses:2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason (原因状语从句）3.Adver

2、bial Clauses of Conditions (条件状语从句）4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句）5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句）6.Adverbial Clauses of Result （结果状语从句）7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较状语从句）8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession (让步状语从句）9.Adverb Clauses of Manner (方式状语从句 )第3页/共100页第4页/共100页4.位置：主前从后亲密没够，

3、从前主后得有小逗，从在主中需俩逗逗。I was reading a book when he came in.When he came in,I was reading a book.I was,when he came in,reading a book.第5页/共100页第6页/共100页第7页/共100页第8页/共100页一。时间状语从句第9页/共100页一。时间状语从句when while as before aftertill/until sinceas soon as普普通通连连词词特特殊殊连连词词the momentthe minutethe secondthe instante

4、very/each timenext timeany timeby the timethe first timeimmediatelydirectlyinstantly第10页/共100页 一一.When 的用法的用法1.When 即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一个短暂行动作。个短暂行动作。2.可用以表示主从句动作可用以表示主从句动作同时发生同时发生或从句动作先于或从句动作先于主句。（从主句。（从主）主）(从句动词可延续也可非延续从句动词可延续也可非延续)I was thin when I was a child.The film had been on

5、 when we arrived.第11页/共100页2.be about to do when be doing when be on ones way when be on the point of doing when had just done when以上句式中的“when”译为“这时或那时”不可以用其它连词替换。a.The telephone was ringing when I got home.b.I was about to go to bed when he came back.第12页/共100页We were just _ calling him up _ he cam

6、e in.A.about;when B.on the point of;whileC.on the point of;when D.on the point of;as I was walking down the street while I heardsomeone calling for help.when正要.的时候第13页/共100页 3.When 引导条件状语从句相当于if How can I explain it to you when/if you wont listen.When you read it again,the meaning will become cleare

7、r to you.第14页/共100页二.While 的用法 1.必须引导持续性动作，强调在一段时间内，主句和从句动作同时发生。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.Please dont talk so loud while others are working.第15页/共100页 2.“然而”表示对比。I like watching TV while he likes reading.3.引导让步状语从句 “虽然、尽管”While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcom

8、ings.尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是看到了他的缺点。4.引导条件状语从句“只要”While we are here,dont worry.第16页/共100页三.As 的引导时间状语从句的用法 1.“随着”2.“一边一边”3.“当”强调动作同时发生，无先后第17页/共100页.1.As I get older,I get more optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。2.He hurried home,looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边往后看。3.As he was going out,it began to rain.当他出去时开始

9、下雨了。第18页/共100页“as”可以引导的其它状语从句：Young as he is,he knows a lot.（让步）As he wasnt ready in time,we went without him.（原因）Do as I told you./do as you like.（方式）He is as old as I/me.（比较 ）第19页/共100页连接词连接词when,while,as的用法区别：的用法区别：1while引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词从句的谓语动词必须是必须是可可延续延续的，的，而而when引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词从句的谓语

10、动词是是可延续可延续的，也可以是的，也可以是非延续的动词非延续的动词。如：。如：When/While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.2从句动作发生在主句动作从句动作发生在主句动作之前之前时，只能用时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用引导这个从句，不可用as或或while。如：如：When you have finished your work,you may have a rest.第20页/共100页3表示“随着,一边一边”，连

11、词用as.如：As the election approached,the violence got worse.随着选举的临近，暴力愈演愈烈。4如果主句谓动是非延续性的，而从句谓动是延续性动词并使用进行时态时，when,while与as 可互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.第21页/共100页四四.Before 的多种翻译方式：的多种翻译方式：1.在在之前之前 2.在在It+be+短时间短时间+before句型中句型中 主句是主句是肯定句肯定句式时：式时

12、：“（多久之后多久之后）才）才”主句是主句是否定句否定句式时：式时：“（过不了多久过不了多久）就）就”3.“还没来得及，就还没来得及，就”4.“趁趁”第22页/共100页第23页/共100页1.Before they got to the bus stop,the bus had gone.在.之前2.It will be 5 years before he returns to his motherland.多久之后才3.We waited a long time before he came out.多久之后才4.It wont be long before we meet again.过

13、不了多久就5.He died before he wrote a will.还没来得及6.Catch him before he escapes.趁着7.Please write it down before you forget it.趁着第24页/共100页五.till,until和notuntil：1.主句是肯定句时，主句的动词必是延续性动词，表示“主句动作或状态一直持续到从句动词发生才停止”。从句引导词是 till/until都行。如：We waited until/till he came.2主句是否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，表示“主句动作直到从句动词发生才开始”，从句引导

14、词通常用until。如：He wont go to bed until she returns.第25页/共100页3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.倒装 第26页/共100页六.Since 的用法 1.since+时间2.since then 3.ever s

15、ince 4.It is/has been+时间段 since did5.译为“既然”时引导原因状从主句谓动用现在完成时，从句谓动用一般过去时，译为“自从”第27页/共100页第28页/共100页Mr li has been here since 1998.Mr li has been here since he came back.Its/has been two years since we arrived here.It is three years since he lived here.他不在这儿住三年了。It is two years since he smoked.他不吸烟已有两

16、年了。It is two years since he began to smoke.他吸烟有两年了。第29页/共100页as soon asthe momentthe minutethe secondthe instantimmediatelydirectlyinstantlyno sooner thanhardly/scarcelywhen七七.可以译为可以译为“一一就就”的连词的连词第30页/共100页1.As soon as he arrives,I will tell him.2.The moment I saw him,I recognized him.3.I left immed

17、iately the clock struck 5.4.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.5.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.=No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.时态、搭配、倒装 第31页/共100页一些含有time的名词短语可以引导时间状语1.Next time you come,please bring your composi

18、tion2.The first time I climbed onto the wall,I felt nervous.3.You are welcome to come back any time you want to.4.The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up.5.By the time he arrived,the train had already gone.时态 第32页/共100页二。地点状语从句第33页/共100页1.地点状语从句有where,wherever引导。1.W

19、e must camp where we can get water.2.I will follow you wherever you go.3.Where there is a river,there is a city.4.I will go where he went.5.I will stay with you wherever he goes.第34页/共100页2.地点状语从句 The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲

20、。那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。地点状语从句常见的连词有：1.where 在地方，2.wherever 无论在地方，(1)Make a mark-you have problems.(2)I will find him-he may be.wherewherever第35页/共100页3地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where theres a will，theres a way.有志者事竟成。Where(ver)theres plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。地点状语从句和定语从句的

21、区别。Go back where you came from.Go back to the place where you came.第36页/共100页【例1】_ he is，he will be thinking of his girlfriend.A.What B.Where C.Whether D.Wherever【例2】She found her calculator _ she lost it.A.that B.where C.in which D.when【例3】This is the factory _ her mother worked last year A.that B.

22、where C.in which D.wherever第37页/共100页三。原因状语从句第38页/共100页引导原因状语从句的连词引导词语气位置意义because(in that)语气最强主句之前或后“因为”直接原因，可以 回答why,可以置于强调句型中since(now that)语气较弱主句之前“既然”众所周知的原因，人们达成一致的事实as语气最弱主句之前或后“由于”双方已知的较明显的原因for并列连词语气较弱逗号后面补充说明的理由 considering/seeing(that)“鉴于，考虑到“，也可引导原因状语从句第39页/共100页1.Because 表示原因是语气最强，经常表示听

23、者未知的原因.即可以回答why的提问，又可以放在强调句型中成为被强调的部分。I cant go,because Im ill.He failed because he was too careful.It is because you are lazy that you have lost the job.第40页/共100页 because1)The ship changed its course because there was a storm.The ship changed its course because of the storm.2)Because he was ill,he

24、 didnt go to school.He was ill,so he didnt go to school.Being ill,he didnt go to school.第41页/共100页1.I didnt help him not because I was unwilling,but because I was unable to do it.(不是因为而是因为)2.You should not laugh at him because he is poor 3.The country is not strong because it is big.（不因就）第42页/共100页S

25、ince 引导的语气次于because，表示稍加分析后推断出的原因，或指的是人们达成一致的事实。“既然，鉴于”常放于句首。Since no one is against it,lets carry out the plan.As 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。一般放句首。As he wasnt ready in time,we went without him.第43页/共100页For 属于并列连词，但不能直接说明原因，而是对某种情况加以推断用于表示补充说明的理由。常放于句末。He must be ill,for he is absent today.The spring is co

26、ming,for the birds are singing.Now that 用了说明一种新的情况，然后加以推论，位于句首，that 可省略。“既然，鉴于”Now(that)everybody is here,lets begin.第44页/共100页Seeing(that);considering(that)Seeing/considering(that)he is so young,that is excusable(可原谅的）鉴于他如此年轻，这是可以原谅的。第45页/共100页1.This was _ she was absent from school.2.That was _ sh

27、e was ill yesterday.3.The reason _ she couldnt finish her homework is not_she forgot to do her homework,but _ she was busy nursing a sick classmate.4.How can he get good grades when he wont study?whybecausewhythatthatwhen“既然既然”表示原因表示原因第46页/共100页四。目的状语从句第47页/共100页引导目的状语的连词有so;so that;in order that;in

28、 case;for fear that;lest目的状语从句中的谓语动词通常使用情态动词can,could,may,might,should,would1.We sit nearer the front so(that)we can hear better.2.Come early in order that/so that you can see him.3.He put his money in the safe for fear that it should be stolen.(他把钱放在保险箱里生怕/以防被盗)4.He runs fast in order to/so as to a

29、rrive there early.第48页/共100页.1.Take an umbrella in case it rains.（以防）2.It may not rain,but youd better take an umbrella in case.（以防万一）3.Take an umbrella in case of rain.(介词）In case 后的从句使用一般现在时表示将来，或使用一般过去时表示过去将来，也可用情态动词，或者从句中使用should,should也可以省略。Take an umbrella in case it rains.He left early in cas

30、e he(should)miss the last train.他动身很早以防误了最后一班火车。第49页/共100页五。结果状语从句 第50页/共100页结果状语从句连词：so that;such that;so that1.She was so happy that she cried.2.She worked very hard,so that she became rich in a very short time.(她努力工作很快就致富了。)3.He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.So 为副词，修饰形容词

31、，副词，Such 为形容词，修饰名词。第51页/共100页So+adj.So+adj.+a/an+单n.So+many/few+复数n.+thatSo+much/little（多少）+不可数n.+that Such+a/an+adj.+单n.+that Such+adj.+复数n.+thatSuch+adj.+不可数n.+that第52页/共100页He was so honest that we all trust him.He was such an honest man that we all trust him.There was so much work that we couldn

32、t finish it.There were so many people that we couldnt get in.It was such nice weather that we want to go out.So that.;Such that 句型中，so,such 位于句首，主句须部分倒装So terrible was the storm that some houses were destroyed.Such is the power of the TV that it makes a person famous in one night.第53页/共100页结果状语的表达方式

33、1.He is clever and honest,_ _all of us like him.(make)2.I hurried to the airport,only _that my friend had gone already.(tell)3.tooto（太而不能）enough to（达到某种程度可以）soas to(那么以至于）He got up so late that he missed the bus.He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got

34、 up so late as to miss the bus.makingto be told第54页/共100页六。条件状语从句第55页/共100页.if，unless，so/as long as，once，in case(that)2.on condition that (条件是条件是)suppose/supposing(that)(假设假设,如果如果)provided/providing(that)(如果如果)as far asso far as when 引导条件状语从句的连词：引导条件状语从句的连词：if not只要只要一旦一旦万一万一第56页/共100页I.if 1)If you

35、work harder,you will succeed.Work harder,and you will succeed.Work harder,or you wont succeed.Working harder,you will succeed.时态时态:主将从现主将从现第57页/共100页 有时表示条件的有时表示条件的if之后可能用之后可能用will，但那不，但那不是将来时态是将来时态,而是表示而是表示意愿或委婉意愿或委婉的请求的请求(will为情态动词为情态动词)：If you will wait a moment,Ill fetch the money.请等一下，我就去拿钱请等一下

36、，我就去拿钱 第58页/共100页2)If I had money,I would buy the car.If he had worked harder,he would have passed the exam.3)I wake up only if the alarm clock rings Only if I get a job,will I have enough money to go school.4)If only I were as clever as you!If only I knew her name._(虚拟虚拟).(只有只有)(要是要是就好了就好了)第59页/共10

37、0页5)if 构成省略的惯用表达法构成省略的惯用表达法:if any if ever if so if not if necessary if possible Corrrect errors,if any.He seldom,if ever,goes to the movies by himself.如果有错误就请订正如果有错误就请订正.他不会单独去看电影他不会单独去看电影,如果有也很少如果有也很少.(如果有的话如果有的话)(如果曾经有的话如果曾经有的话)(如果是这样的话如果是这样的话)(如果不是这样的话如果不是这样的话)第60页/共100页II.unless1)We cant write

38、to Mary unless she tells us her address.We cant write to Mary if she doesnt tell us her address.*III.as/so long as(只要)1)I will never give up learning as long as I live.2)You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.第61页/共100页*IV.on condition that（条件是）Well let you use the room on condition th

39、at you keep it tidy.*V.in case(万一）Youd better take your raincoat with you in case it rains.In case I forget,please remind me about it.第62页/共100页You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.A.before B.onceC.until D.though解析：题干意思是：一旦你有自信，你的面试将会成功。用once，意思是：一旦，引导条件状语从句。答案：B第63页/共100页Th

40、e medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water after taking it.Aas BuntilCalthough Dif解析：句意：这种药如果你热水送服，会更加有效。if引导条件状语从句。答案：D第64页/共100页_you disagree with her，her idea is still worth considering.AIf only BEven if CInstead of DDespite of 解析：考查前后句的关系。句意为：“尽管”你不赞同她，可她的观点还是值得考虑的。答案：D第65页/共10

41、0页七。方式状语从句第66页/共100页7、方式状语从句：The teacher told the students to do as he did.Leave it as it is.Do in Rome as the Romans do.Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.观察引导方式状语从句的连词：别动它别动它(让它保持原来的样子让它保持原来的样子)第67页/共100页as if/as though“似乎似乎,好像好像”引导的从句多用引导的从句多用虚拟虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。语气，但也可用陈述语气。He treats m

42、e as if I were his own son.He talked as if he had been to USAHe heard a noise as if someone was breathing.I feel as if I have a fever.第68页/共100页总结总结：引导方式状语从句的连词：引导方式状语从句的连词：as 按照按照,像像 just as 正如正如,正像正像 as if=as though第69页/共100页1 We must live _Leifeng lived.A like B as C as if D even if 2 Do remember

43、 that you must do everything _ you are told to.A what B which C as D if 第70页/共100页八。让步状语从句第71页/共100页常用引导词：常用引导词：although/though/even if/even thoughwhile（在句首）（在句首）as（必须倒装）（必须倒装）whatever/whenever/wherever/wh-everno matter what/when/wherewhether or（不管是（不管是还是还是)whether or not/whetheror not(不论是否不论是否)in s

44、pite of/despite/regardless of尽管尽管第72页/共100页1.Although/though it was hot,he kept on working.Although/though I believe it,(yet)I must consider.注：注：though 也可用作也可用作adv.译：可是，然而（句末）译：可是，然而（句末）He said he would help me;he didnt,though.注注:不能用不能用but，但主句中可以用，但主句中可以用yet,still 他说他会帮我，但是他并没有帮我。他说他会帮我，但是他并没有帮我。第73

45、页/共100页2.even if/though 即使，纵使（含退一步设想）即使，纵使（含退一步设想）I ll go even if(though)it rains tomorrow.We wont be discouraged enen if(though)wefail ten times.第74页/共100页Poor as/though he is,he is generous。Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.Much as/though I love it,I will not buy it.Try as/though I might,I fail

46、ed.3.adj./n/adv./v+as+主语主语+谓语谓语+其它其它第75页/共100页4.wh-ever:让步状语从句让步状语从句 名词性从句名词性从句no matter wh-:让步状语从句让步状语从句判断判断:wh-ever 是否引导是否引导名词性从句名词性从句 （主语从句，宾语从句（主语从句，宾语从句 表语从句）表语从句）第76页/共100页Whoever leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights You can take whatever you like.Whoever you are,you must obey

47、the rules.No matter who you are,you must obey the rules._ whoever引导主语从句引导主语从句Whatever引导宾从引导宾从wh-ever在名词性从句中，主句中一定有一个成分在名词性从句中，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句中担任，且从句与主句之间要在从句中担任，且从句与主句之间没有逗号没有逗号。第77页/共100页 Wherever you go,I will follow you.Whatever you say,he wont believe.However much it may cost,I will buy it.You ha

48、ve to go on,whatever difficulties you come across No matter how much it may cost,I will buy it.no matter what difficulties第78页/共100页 5 Whether we go to your place or stay here,weve still got to find something to eat.Whether you believe it or not,it is true.第79页/共100页九。比较状语从句第80页/共100页比较状语从句的连词：asas(

49、和一样）;not as/so as（和不一样）,the same as suchas than；the more the more第81页/共100页 比较状语从句通常会结合三个倍数的表达句型进行考查，如：A是B的三倍大有如下三种表达：(1)A is twice bigger than B.(2)A is three times as big as B.(3)A is three times the size of B.第82页/共100页 1.A is倍 数 adj比 较 级 (larger,heavier,more 等)than B.2.A is倍数asadj原级(large,heavy/

50、many,much)as B 3.A is倍数the表比较内容的名词(size,weight,area,width,length 等)of B.第83页/共100页注意:what 也可以引导比较状语从句 A is to B what C is to D.A对于对于B就如同就如同C对于对于D一样重要一样重要e.g Air is to us what water is to fish.Reading is to the mind_ food is to the body.A what B that C which D of which第84页/共100页状语从句省略，1.从句主语与主句一样，又有b