研究生英语阅读教程基础级第三lesson.pptx

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1、1 策 划：鞠方安 商希建主 编：刘兰芝 杨真真副主编：鲁显生 Gerald Zimmerman 王欧制作人：赵洪宝?第1页/共99页2Lesson Nine The Weird World of Tobacco第2页/共99页3CatalogueBackground InformationDifficult SentencesKeys to the ExercisesLanguage PointsWarm-up QuestionsMain Idea第3页/共99页4Background Information Over the last 25 years,Anna Quindlens wor

2、k has appeared in some of Americas most influential newspapers and best-known magazines,and on both fictional and non-fictional bestseller lists.第4页/共99页5 Her latest non-fiction book,A Short Guide to a Happy Life,has sold over one million copies and been on every national bestseller list since it wa

3、s first published at the end of 2000.Quindlen began her journalism career as a reporter with The New York Post in 1974.She joined the The New York Times in 1977.Background Information第5页/共99页6Background Information A columnist at The New York Times from 1981 to 1994;In 1990 Quindlen became the third

4、 woman in the papers history to have written a regular column for its influential Op-Ed page(专栏版).In 1992,Quindlen won the Pulitzer Prize(普利策奖)for Commentary(实况解说).Video watching 第6页/共99页7 In 1995 Quindlen left the world of newspapers,which she had joined as a copy girl at age 18,to become a full-ti

5、me novelist.In 2000,Quindlen became the first writer ever to have books appear on the fiction,nonfiction,and self-help New York Times Best-Seller lists.Background Information第7页/共99页8Background Information Food and Drug Administration The U S.Food and Drug Administration(食品 与药物管理局)is a public health

6、 agency that oversees items accounting for 25 cents of every dollar spent by consumers.Its jurisdiction(司法 权）encompasses most food products(other than第8页/共99页9 meat and poultry(家禽),human and animal drugs,therapeutic(治疗 的)agents of biological origin,medical devices,radiation-emitting products for con

7、sumer,medical,and occupational use,cosmetics(化妆品),and animal feed(饲料).The agency grew from a single chemist in the U.S.Department of Agriculture in 1862 to a staff of approximately 9,100 employees and a budget ofBackground Information第9页/共99页10 Background Information$1.294 billion in 2001,comprising

8、 chemists,pharmacologists（药理学家）,physicians,microbiologists,veterinarians(兽医),pharmacists,lawyers,and many others.About one-third of the agencys employees are stationed outside of the Washington,D.C.area,staffing over 150 field offices.第10页/共99页11Warm-up Questions 1.Why do people Smoke?People smoke f

9、or various reasons:for the sake of improving ones work efficiency;feeling refreshed and stimulated fashionable,cool,and graceful;as a form of killing time;venting their anger or frustration;out of curiosity Tips第11页/共99页12 2.What are the possible effects of smoking?At the very beginning,feel refresh

10、ed and stimulated;once addicted to it,suffer from;are more likely to;develop lung-related illnesses,;not only but also;a form of self-batteringTipsWarm-up Questions 第12页/共99页13Main Idea This is about the absurdity of some kinds of human behavior.Is tobacco poisonous?Quindlen knows that already.She t

11、ells us that the government,tobacco companies and addicts twist,pervert and distort the truth to try to keep it legal.She begins with problems urging the FDA to ban it.Then she indicates how profitable it is 第13页/共99页14Main Idea for tobacco companies and how politicians refuse to outlaw cigarettes.A

12、t the same time smokers view tobacco different from drugs(because its legal).History was reviewed,political contributions and excuses for continuing were all considered.But when it was declared a delivery第14页/共99页15 Main Idea device for nicotine the FDA still didnt move against it.With so many tobac

13、co growers and smokers,tobacco companies still want to win the war of the profit margin(ignoring peoples health).But the product,when used as directed,causes death.第15页/共99页16Language Points 1.addicted adj (line 1,para.1)unable to stop taking a harmful substance,especially a drug 许多有尼古丁瘾瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉

14、。Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.他17岁的时候对海洛因上了瘾上了瘾。He was addicted to heroin at the age of 17.第16页/共99页17Language Points 2)liking sth so much that you do not want to stop doing it or having it 我大约有4年时间沉迷沉迷在电子游戏中。I went through about four years of being add

15、icted to video games.他酷爱酷爱流行音乐。He was passionately addicted to pop music.第17页/共99页18Language Points addiction n 1)the need to take a harmful drug regularly,without being able to stop他吸毒成瘾吸毒成瘾使他走上犯罪的道路。His addiction to drugs propelled him towards a life of crime.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀 的地方。Areas o

16、f drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.第18页/共99页19Language Points drug/heroin/alcohol etc addiction2)a strong desire to do or have sth regularly 我发现自己迷上迷上了做家务。I discovered an addiction to housework.他需要钱来满足他的赌瘾赌瘾。He needed money to feed his addiction to gambling.第19页/共99页20Langu

17、age Points addict n 1)someone who is unable to stop taking drugs 他的毒瘾不易戒掉，因为他有很多朋友都是有毒有毒 瘾的人瘾的人。Its not easy for him to dry out since he has a lot of drug addict friends.2)someone who is very interested in sth and spends a lot of time doing it 她是个电视迷迷。She is a TV addict.第20页/共99页21Language Points ad

18、dictive adj (line 2,para.10)1)if a substance,especially a drug,is addictive,your body starts to need it regularly and you are unable to stop taking it.香烟很容易使人上瘾上瘾。Cigarettes are highly addictive.2)so enjoyable that it makes you want to do it or have it a lot 制作视频电影能很让人入迷入迷。Video movie-making can be

19、very addictive.第21页/共99页22Language Points 2.lethal adj (line 1,para.1)causing death,or able to cause death;fatal 这种混合药物有很大的很大的潜在危险。It was a potentially lethal mixture of drugs.未经适当处理的肉是危险的危险的带菌物。Meat,improperly handled,is a lethal carrier of bacteria.第22页/共99页23Language Points 2)it is capable of cau

20、sing a lot of damage 霜雨天气对对植物危害危害极大大。Frost and rain are the lethal combination for plants.马力大的汽车到了缺乏经验的司机手中便成了毁灭毁灭 性的性的武器。High-powered cars are lethal weapons in the hands of inexperienced drivers.第23页/共99页24Language Points 3.regulate vt (line 2,para.1)to control an activity or process,especially by

21、 rules 这种系统能调节调节室内温度。This system can regulate the temperature of the room.欧盟委员会对竞争的监管监管权越来越大。The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition are increasing.第24页/共99页25Language Points regulated adj controlled 这是这是国家调控的调控的计划经济。This is the planned,state-regulated economy.这种治疗方式可能会有危险，在英国是

22、受到严格 控制的控制的。Its a treatment that can carry risks,and in Britain its strictly regulated.第25页/共99页26Language Points regulation n u 1)control over sth especially by rules 一些人希望政府实施调控实施调控，以降低成本。Some want government regulation in order to reduce costs.2)n c an official rule or order 那项规则那项规则不适用于这一特定情况。Th

23、e regulation has no application to this particular case.第26页/共99页27Language Points 4.topsy-turvy adj (line 1,para.2)in a state of complete disorder or confusion 事故发生后的几个星期里，他的生活全乱乱了套套。For a few weeks after the accident his life was turned topsy-turvy.当代的社会秩序是乱套的乱套的。The modern social order is topsy-t

24、urvy.第27页/共99页28 Compare:messy adj dirty or untidy 这儿这么脏我没有时间打扫。The place is so messy,I havent had time to clear it up.追求完美是一个坏主意，因为生活是混乱的混乱的,不可 预知的。Striving for perfection is a bad idea,because life is messy and unpredictable.Language Points第28页/共99页29Language Points5.executive n (line 2,para.2)1)a

25、 manager in an organization or company who helps make important decisions 她丈夫是银行高级主管主管。Her husband is a senior bank executive.领导层领导层一直在研究公司未来的决策。The executive hashave been making decisions about the future of the company.第29页/共99页30Language Points 2)relating to the job of managing a business or orga

26、ni-zation and making decisions 我不设想自己将成为管理管理人员，但很希望成为商品 营销顾问。I dont envisage I will take an executive role,but rather become a consultant on merchandise and marketing.第30页/共99页31Language Points6.slip-slide along v.(line 2,para.2)to continue with no real intent of getting anywhere specific or accompl

27、ishing anything meaningful第31页/共99页32Language Points 7.continuum kntinjum n (line 2,para.2)a set of continuous things;a continuous series of values or behaviors in which there are no discrete,clearly defined,transitions from one value to another.对我来说,食物和爱情是一个不可分割的统一体统一体。Food and love are,for me,part

28、 of a continuum.第32页/共99页33Language Points 有必要知道从生命的最低形态到最高形态的 连续性连续性。It is necessary to know a continuum from the low-est to the highest form of life.第33页/共99页34Language Points8.aggrieved innocence (line 3,para.2)claiming to be innocent,guiltless,and pretending to be insulted that anyone would thin

29、k they had done anything wrong.第34页/共99页35Language Points9.heartfelt regret (line 3,para.2)sincere regret,sincerely sorry,(heartfelt-coming from the heart.)They gradually transitioned to this position once it became clear that tobacco was harmful,and that tobacco companies had known this for several

30、 years,and had that they had conspired to hide the truth and avoid penalty.第35页/共99页36Language Points10.without breaking a sweat:(line 3,para.2)making it look easy,doing something in a manner that makes it seem as if no real effort is involved第36页/共99页37Language Points11.Para.2 means:So.The tobacco

31、executives-(Particularly as they testified in court and in front of Congressional Committees)-did not take seriously the claims against them and tried to delay meaning-ful actions and,over time(many years),gradually changed their stated position from:pretending to be insulted that anyone could possi

32、bly believe that tobacco was harmful and they,gentlemen of high第37页/共99页38Language Pointsmoral standing,could possibly be doing anything wrong to accepting responsibility(once the proof was obvious),expressing sincere regret and apologizing(and,agreeing to pay very large compensations to states and

33、the government and,they did all of this easily,over many years,and without any obvious recognition that all of this was hypocritical(an obvious exception to their 第38页/共99页39Language Points stated high values and standards.)This sentence is an excellent example of how cultural familiarity and awaren

34、ess of idioms are used to convey meaning.As you will see below,use of idioms along with the assumption that readers will know what they imply goes a long way toward being able to ex-press an idea with fewer words.第39页/共99页40Language Points 12.shoot vi (last line of para.2)to utter (as words or sound

35、s)rapidly or suddendly or with force 你有什么问题？说吧说吧！Whats your problem?Shoot!好吧，你说说你说说，你有什么要说的？Ok,shoot,what do you have to say?第40页/共99页41Language PointsA straight shooter is a person who is accurate and honest.Therefore,to shoot straight,is to be objective,honest and fair.The term comes from American

36、 early history when a person who could shoot a gun accurately and only at the appropriate targets (they could tell the difference between bad people and good people,between dangerous animals and domestic animals)was a highly regarded person.第41页/共99页42Language Points13.juror n a member of a jury Mos

37、t trials are held before a jury of 12 jurors,people who are deemed by both the prosecution and the defense to be fair and objective decision makers.If all jurors agree that the defendant is innocent,the person can not be tried again on those exact same charges,accusations.If no 100%agreement can be

38、arrived at,第42页/共99页43Language Pointsit is considered a hung jury,that is they are at an impasse,no conclusive decision is made.In this case,since neither guilt or innocence was determined,the defendant(the person who was accused)is assumed innocent and goes free.However,the prosecution (those makin

39、g the accusation)have the option to try again.第43页/共99页44Language Points 14.ubiquitous ju:bikwits adj (last line of para.2)appearing,happening,or existing everywhere 这是一个电脑无处不在的世界。This is a ubiquitous computing world.美国的游客遍及各地。American tourists are ubiquitous.第44页/共99页45Language Points 15.lawsuit n

40、c (last line of para.2)a problem or complaint that a person or organization brings to a court of law to be settled;suit 这家公司已被起诉被起诉。A lawsuit has been filed against the company.这案子这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.第45页/共99页46Language Points 16.panel n (line 1,para.3)a grou

41、p of people with skills or specialist knowledge who have been chosen to give advice or opinions on a particular subject 顾问小组小组不同意该决定。The advisory panel disagreed with the decision.他组织了一个学者小组小组为他出谋划策。He assembled a panel of scholars to advise him.第46页/共99页47Language Points .17.hand down v prep&v adv

42、(line 1,para.3)1)to announce sth formally or publicly 陪审团作出了有罪的裁判。The jury handed down a verdict of guilty.2)to pass sth on by tradition,inheritance,etc.我们的祖先为我们留下留下了一份丰富的文化遗产。Our forefathers handed down to us a rich cultural heritage.The jury第47页/共99页48Language PointsOther expression:to hand on v p

43、rep to send or give sth to another person 请把这本杂志传给传给你的朋友们看。Please hand on the magazine to your friends.第48页/共99页49Language Points18.award n (line 1,para.3)sth,especially money,that is officially given to someone as a payment or after a legal decision 那个因对方疏忽而受伤的女人获得了一笔为数甚大 的赔偿金赔偿金。The injured woman

44、collected a large negligence award.损害赔偿赔偿仍然是补偿性的。An award of damages is still compensatory.第49页/共99页50Language Points 2)sth such as a prize or money given to someone to reward them for sth they have done 这部电影获1985年奥斯卡金像奖奖。The film won an Oscar award for 1985.这项国际奖奖的授予是对一项长久而崇高的事业的 肯定。This internatio

45、nal award has set the seal on a long and distinguished career.第50页/共99页51Language Points 13.thunder vt (line 2,para.3)1)to shout loudly and angrily 不要大声地大声地恐吓这个男孩。Dont thunder threats at the boy.别冲着我大声大声下命令。Dont thunder out your orders at me!第51页/共99页52Language Points 2)a loud noise comes from the s

46、ky after a flash of lightning 天色阴沉，一丝风也没有。或许马上就要打雷打雷。The day was heavy and still.It would probably thunder later.第52页/共99页53Language Points 19.shuder vi (line 3,para.3)to shake for a short time because someone is afraid or cold,or because someone thinks sth is very unpleasant 一提起那天股市暴跌情景，金融界的人仍不寒不寒

47、而栗而栗。People in the financial community continued to shudder when reminded of the day when the stock market imploded.第53页/共99页54Language Points 一些专家对衰退一词谈虎色变谈虎色变。Some experts shudder at the very word reccession.Compare:tremble vi to shake slightly in a way that someone cannot control,especially becau

48、se someone is upset or frightened 她的嘴唇先颤抖颤抖了一下，随后就哭起来了。Her lip started to tremble and then she cried.第54页/共99页55Language Points to tremble with anger/fear etc shiver vi to shake slightly because someone is cold or frightened;to tremble 杰克站在那儿在寒风中瑟瑟发抖。杰克站在那儿在寒风中瑟瑟发抖。Jake stood shivering in the cold a

49、ir.to shiver with cold/fear/delight etc第55页/共99页56Language Points20.judicial adj(last line of para.3)relating to the law,judges,or their decisions;legislative 一些居民对这种拒绝寻求司法司法复审。Some of the residents sought judicial review of the refusal.他是个公正的公正的人。He is a man with a judicial mind.第56页/共99页57Language

50、 Poins 16.deliberate vi(line 2,para.4)to think or talk care-fully 他总是仔细考虑仔细考虑每一个问题，从不轻易做答。He is slow to answer,deliberating over each question.在作出决定之前，她仔细考虑仔细考虑好久。She deliberated for a long time before giving her decision.第57页/共99页58Language Points21.outlaw vt (line 3,para.5)to completely stop sth b