数字口译课件.ppt
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1、Unit 5:Cultural Exchanges5-1 Interpreting Numbers 1Interpreting Numbers万亿(兆)Trilli千亿百亿十亿Billi亿 千万百万Milli十万万 千Thou百十 个2I.IntroductionII.Interpretingcardinalnumbers(基数词基数词)III.Pronouncingvulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions(分数和小数)分数和小数)IV.Interpretingquestionsinvolvingordinalnumbers(序数词)序数词)V.Interpreti
2、ngindefinitenumbers(不确不确定数目)定数目)VI.SuggestedmethodsfortakingdownfiguresVII.ExpressingMultiples(倍数表示法倍数表示法)VII.Exercises:Procedures:3I.Introduction该该城城市市是是一一个个国国际际大大都都市市,人人口口约约有有1200万万,面面积积达达2000多平方公里。多平方公里。本本公公司司是是一一家家年年销销售售额额为为120亿亿美美元元,业业务务遍遍及及120多多个个国国家和地区,拥有家和地区,拥有5万多名员工的跨国公司。万多名员工的跨国公司。Numbers:
3、1.Cardinalnumbers2.Vulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions3.Ordinalnumbers4.Indefinitenumbers5.multiples4Examples1.请用英语和汉语分别表达下面一组数字:请用英语和汉语分别表达下面一组数字:1234567891234Onetrilliontwohundredandthirty-fourbillionfivehundredandsixty-sevenmillioneighthundredandninety-onethousandtwohundredandthirty-four一兆两千三百四十五亿
4、六千七百八十九万一千二百三十四一兆两千三百四十五亿六千七百八十九万一千二百三十四请用英语和汉语分别译出所述数字请用英语和汉语分别译出所述数字12亿亿9988万;万;542million830thousand1billion299million880thousand;542,830,0005a.SomePracticalDifficultiesforChineseInterpretersForaninterpreter,todoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretationisalwaysbynomeanseasy.Andforaninterpreterwhosemot
5、hertongueisChinese,thedifficultiesinvolvedseemtobeevengreater.Notablyamongthedifficultiesarethefollowing:A Brief Introduction61)InChinese,onetendstosay“万万”and“亿亿”ofwhichthereisnoequivalentinEnglish.Hence“一万一万”mustberenderedinto“10千千”(tenthousand);“三万三万”into“30千千”(thirtythousand);“二十万二十万”into“200千千”(
6、twohundredthousand),etc.And“一亿一亿”mustberenderedinto“100百万百万”(onehundredmillion);“一亿三十万一亿三十万”into“100百万零百万零300千千”(onehundredmillionandthreehundredthousand);7“十亿十亿”into“1,000百万百万”(onethousandmillion,oronebillioninAmericanusage);and“一百亿一百亿”,“10千百万千百万”(i.e.tenthousandmillionor10billioninAmericanEnglish)
7、,etc.Allthismaycausecomplicationforabeginnerorforthoseyounginterpreterswhohavenotundergonesufficienttraininginthisregard.82)QuiteafewunitsofmeasurementinChinesesuchasli(1/2kilometers),mu(0.0667hectare),jin(1/2kilogram),etc.usuallyhavetobeconvertedintothemetricsystemsbytheinterpreteronformaloccasions
8、,soastofacilitateunderstanding.Andthisextrabitofwork(concerningconversioninunitsofmeasurement)couldbequiteastrainonaninterpreterunlesshehasalreadyacquiredsomeexperienceinthecourseoftrainingandpractice.93)ThewayscomparisonisexpressedinChineseare,insomerespects,differentfromthoseinEnglish,especiallywh
9、enthequestionsofcountableanduncountablenounsareinvolved,e.g.(1)ThoughinChinesewesay“倍倍”whenwetalkabout“学校为学校为的三倍的三倍”indescribingtheincreaseinthenumberofschools,inEnglishweshallhavetosay,forinstance,“Therearethreetimesasmanymiddleschoolsnowinourprovinceastherewereintheearlypost-liberationdays.”10(2)T
10、hough in Chinese we use the same word“倍”when we talk about“粮食产量”,in English we shall have to say,for example,“Our province produces twice as much grain as it did on the eve of liberation in 1949.”11ToSumupDifferences in the way of expressing Figures in Chinese and English:Digit,Time and Unit121)Twos
11、ignificantpoints:i.as indicated earlier,it is risky trying to do a long series of figure in interpreting without jotting them down in a feasible way.Toensureaccuracyitisalwayshelpfulandreassuringtospeedilyjotthemdownastheyarebeinguttered(orread)bytheoriginalspeakers.bSomePracticalHintstoRemember13In
12、thecaseofC-EandE-Cinterpretation,figuresdorequireasufficientamountoftraining.By figures we mean,in a larger sense,not only a long series of figures combined with various units of measurements but also a long string of document symbols and long series of proper names(of persons/places).14ii.To lay em
13、phasis on the speedy and accurate rendering of figures involving“万”and“亿”as a first step.Topracticetherapidreadingof5-digitnumbers,8-digitnumbersand,then,10-digitnumbers,etc.inbothChineseandEnglish,andthencombinethemwithvarious“unitsofmeasurement”untilaccuracyandfluencyareachieved.152)Somepossiblesi
14、gnsused:(1)Using comma(,)each representing one group of 3 naught,e.g.“fortythousand”,representedby“40,”means“四万”;“sixhundredthousand”,representedby“600,”means“六十万”“sevenmillion”,representedby“7,”means“七百万”“thirtymillion”,representedby“30,”means“三千万”16(2).Aneasytablecouldbeusefulwhenyouhearthenumbers
15、.Youjustfillintheform.万亿(兆)Trilli千亿百亿十亿Billi亿 千万百万Milli十万万千Thou百 十 个17(3).If a number is bigger than a million,the easiest way is to use a point after the number of million.Forinstance,396万,canbeputinthisway,3.96million.Applythesamewaytothefollowingnumbers:3,956万39.56million3亿9,650万396.5million;If t
16、he number is bigger than a billion,adopt the same way to do it.e.g.129亿12.9billion18(4).Note the following ways of uncertain numbers几个几个几个几个some;afew;several十几个十几个十几个十几个morethan/overadozen;less/nomorethantwenty几十个几十个几十个几十个dozensof几十年几十年几十年几十年Decades七十好几了七十好几了七十好几了七十好几了welloverseventy二十刚出头二十刚出头二十刚出头二
17、十刚出头inher/hisearlytwenties三十大几了(快四十了)三十大几了(快四十了)三十大几了(快四十了)三十大几了(快四十了)inher/hislatethirties千千万万千千万万千千万万千千万万thousandsandthousandsof好几百个好几百个好几百个好几百个hundredsof成千上万成千上万成千上万成千上万thousandsuponthousandsof几十万几十万几十万几十万hundredsofthousandsof数以百万计的数以百万计的数以百万计的数以百万计的millionsof亿万亿万亿万亿万(人人人人)hundredsofmillionsof十年十
18、年十年十年adecade二十年二十年二十年二十年ascore/fourscoreandsevenyearsago三十年三十年三十年三十年(25-30)(25-30)ageneration五十年五十年五十年五十年halfacentury一百年的一百年的一百年的一百年的centennial一百年一百年一百年一百年/世纪世纪世纪世纪Century19数字口译补充材料数字的翻译是口译中的一大难关,即使是老翻译,数字的翻译是口译中的一大难关,即使是老翻译,当遇到数字时,尤其是遇到五位数以上的数字时,当遇到数字时,尤其是遇到五位数以上的数字时,也不敢有半点松懈。这不仅仅是因为数字难译,也不敢有半点松懈。这
19、不仅仅是因为数字难译,更重要的是在商贸谈判或外交活动中,数字误译更重要的是在商贸谈判或外交活动中,数字误译所造成的后果是不堪设想的。所造成的后果是不堪设想的。数字口译之所以难,其中一个主要原因在于英汉数字口译之所以难,其中一个主要原因在于英汉对于四位数以上的数字的表达有不同的段位概念对于四位数以上的数字的表达有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英语数字的表达以每三位数为一段和分段方法。英语数字的表达以每三位数为一段位,而汉语以每四位数为一段位。位,而汉语以每四位数为一段位。关于数字翻译,调查显示:关于数字翻译,调查显示:英译汉时难点在记忆,英译汉时难点在记忆,汉译英时,难点在于快速表达汉译英时,难点在
20、于快速表达。20Itcoversatotaloffivehundredforty-ninemillionninehundredforty-sixthousandsevenhundredandsixty-eightsquaremeters.占地549,946,768平方米。Unemploymenthasrisentooverthreemillionforthefirsttimeinsixyearsandanalystsexpectthejoblesstotaltorisebyafurther40,000thismonth.Manufacturingoutputhasmeanwhilesteadi
21、ed,afteranaughtpointfivepercentdecreaselastmonth.失业人数六年来首次突破3百万。专家预测本月失业人数约新增4万,而制造业产量继上个月下跌百分之零点五之后已趋稳定。Practice::interpretthefollowingnumbers21Pairwork:Onestudentreadsthefollowingfiguresaloudinthelanguagegiven,theothertakesnotesandtheninterpretsthemintothetargetlanguage.Taketurnstopractice.四千三百八十六
22、四千三百八十六五万五千九百三十二五万五千九百三十二八千八百五十九万七千三百二十八千八百五十九万七千三百二十二亿三千七百一十五万零二百三十六二亿三千七百一十五万零二百三十六十六亿八千九百九十万三千七百五十四十六亿八千九百九十万三千七百五十四七百零四亿九千三百五十七万九千零四十八七百零四亿九千三百五十七万九千零四十八22Sixthousandfourhundredandthirty-oneFourmillioneighthundredandthreethousandsevenhundredandtwelveNinety-fourmilliontwohundredandseventeenthousa
23、ndeighthundredandtwenty-sixFivehundredandthirtymilliononehundredandthirty-ninethousandsevenhundredandforty-sevenThirty-sevenbillionninehundredandtwenty-fivemillionfourhundredandforty-onethousandthirty-eight23aTheMetricSystem&ChineseEquivalentLength长度meter/m米=3市尺kilometer/km公里=2市里Area面积sq.m平方米=9平方市尺h
24、ectare/ha公顷=15市亩(1亩=0.0667ha)sq.km平方公里=4平方市里(km2)Weight重量与质量kg公斤=2市斤MT公吨=2000市斤24bTheBritish&USSystemLength长度mile/mi哩=1.609kmfathom/fm寻=1,829myard/yd码=0.914mfoot/ft英尺=30.48cminch/in英寸=2.54cmWeight重量pound/lb.磅=0.454kgounce/oz.盎司=28.35gTemperature温度C(Centigrade)摄氏=(F-32)5/9F(Fahrenheit)华氏=C9/5+3225III
25、.PronouncingVulgarFractionsandDecimalFractions1.PronouncingVulgarFractions(1)分子为1a.五分之一:one-fifth,b.九分之一:one-ninthSpecial expressions for the following vulgarfractions:a.二分之一a/onehalf,b.四分之一a/onequarterc.四分之三threequarters(2)分子不为一(分母为复数)a.五分之三three-fifthsb.十分之九nine-tenths26(3)大分子,大分母大分子,大分母(加(加“over”
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