组织学与胚胎学绪论中英.pptx

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1、Definition:A science:study normal micro-structure(微细结构微细结构微细结构微细结构)&its related function of human body.4 structural levels:Cell:thesmalleststructural&functionalunit.Tissue(组织组织组织组织):groups ofcells(similarinmorphologyorrelatedinfunction)intercellular materials4typesoffundamentaltissueepithelium上皮组织上皮

2、组织上皮组织上皮组织connectivetissue结缔组织结缔组织结缔组织结缔组织musculartissue肌组织肌组织肌组织肌组织nervoustissue神经组织神经组织神经组织神经组织第1页/共28页 Organs:器官organizationsofvariouskindsoftissuesinparticularways&performaspecific function.System:系统formedbyseveralfunction-relatedorganswhichtogetherperformacontinuousphysiologicalfunction.Forexam

3、ple:digestivesystem第2页/共28页第3页/共28页Why do we study histology?Tocompletetheknowledgeofhumanbodysstructures-fromgrosstomicroscopicBeabletounderstandhowthedifferenttissuesfunction-thebasisofphysiologyCanfindthediseasesonlyafterthenormalisknown-thebasisofpathologyItisalsoafoundationofclinicsciencesforag

4、ooddoctorneededinfuture第4页/共28页Investigative methods of histologyI.Light microscopy第5页/共28页l1.1.Tissue pTissue preparation A.A.paraffin section preparation石蜡切片术石蜡切片术石蜡切片术石蜡切片术 Specimen取材取材取材取材:asfreshaspossibleFixation固定固定固定固定:fixative:formalinsolution;purpose:topreservethestructuralorganization Deh

5、ydration脱脱脱脱水水水水:replacethewaterinthetissuebyalcoholClearing透透透透 明明明明:replace the alcohol byxyleneEmbedding包包包包埋埋埋埋:replace the xylene withmeltedparaffinSectioning&mounting切片切片切片切片第6页/共28页第7页/共28页B.Frozen section:Betterforpreservingchemicalcomponents(e.g.enzymes)FreezingcryostatstainingC.the others:

6、Smearpreparations:forbloodetc;Grindpreparations:forbone第8页/共28页2.Staining染色染色 Purpose:Tomaketissuesectionforobservation.H-E Staining:Hematoxylin:苏木精苏木精 basic dye,bluishcolorEosin:伊红伊红aciddye,pinkcolor Basophilic:嗜碱性嗜碱性componentsstainedwithbasicdye(H);bluish（nuclearchromatin)Acidophilic:嗜酸性嗜酸性compone

7、ntswithanaffinityforacidicdye(E);pink(cytoplasm&collagenfiber)第9页/共28页Neutrophilic:中中 性性donotstainwithbothbasicandaciddyesArgyrophilia:嗜银性嗜银性 thosewithanaffinityforsilver,dark-browncolor 第10页/共28页Fluorescent stainingshows the apoptosis in human HL-60 cellsSilver staining of Silver staining of the ne

8、uron and the neuron and the bile canaliculithe bile canaliculi第11页/共28页1.Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)透射透射透射透射电镜电镜电镜电镜Usingabeamofelectrons(shortwave-Usingabeamofelectrons(shortwave-lengths)lengths)insteadofvisiblelight.insteadofvisiblelight.SSectionect

9、ion preparation:preparation:similartothoseforL.Mmainly,similartothoseforL.Mmainly,plasticinsteadofparaffin,plasticinsteadofparaffin,50-70nmthick,50-70nmthick,heavymetalsaltsinsteadofHE.heavymetalsaltsinsteadofHE.ResolutionResolution:0.1-0.5:0.1-0.5nm nm Ultrastructrue:Ultrastructrue:超微结构超微结构超微结构超微结构

10、ThestructureinEMThestructureinEM Electron-denseElectron-dense电子密度高电子密度高电子密度高电子密度高 electron-lucentelectron-lucent电子密度低电子密度低电子密度低电子密度低II.Electron Microscopy第12页/共28页Transmission Electron Microscope第13页/共28页第14页/共28页Diagrams of TEM第15页/共28页2.Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)2.Scanning Electron Microsco

11、pe(SEM)扫描电镜扫描电镜扫描电镜扫描电镜Sowingthe3dimensionalsurfaceArchitectureofcellsandtissuesResolution:5nm第16页/共28页JEOL扫描电子显微镜第17页/共28页III.Histochemistry&Cytochemistry 组织化学术组织化学术Revealthechemicalcompositioninsitu(e.g.proteins,a.a.,nucleicacid,lipids,enzymesetc.)withchemical,biochemicalmethods.Theproductofchemic

12、alreactionshouldbeinsoluble/colored/electron-scattering,&beseeninLMorEM 第18页/共28页polysaccharide +HIO4 (hydroxylgroup)(oxidise)Aldehyde group +Shiffs reagent(colorless)Purplish red depositorFor instance:PAS(P(PeriodicAcidSchiff)reaction:formanifestingpolysaccharide多糖多糖 (糖原）糖原）第19页/共28页PAS reaction in

13、 the goblet cell第20页/共28页IV.Immunocytochemistry免疫组免疫组织化学织化学Basedonantigenbindstospecificantibody.TissuesectionwithAntigen+labelled antibodylabelledAg-AbcomplexFluoresceinlabellingenzymelabellingcolloidal goldcolloidal gold labellinglabelling第21页/共28页第22页/共28页V.tissue culture 组织培养VI.in situ hybridiza

14、tion(ISH)nucleic acid molecular hybridization 原位杂交术原位杂交术原位杂交术原位杂交术 Use nucleotide probe to check targetfragment of intracellular DNA or mRNA insitu,in order to study the gene expression.第23页/共28页Expression of PSA and PSAmRNA in human prostate(histochemistry&ISH)第24页/共28页The method in learning histol

15、ogyCombinationofthe2dimentionalstructurewith3dimentional第25页/共28页Combination of the theory with practiceCombination of the structure with functionConcern the dynamic change第26页/共28页Questions for reviewWhatistheH&Estaining?Describebasophilic,acidophilic,neutrophilic?WhatdoesPASpositivemeans?第27页/共28页感谢您的观看！第28页/共28页