英语基本句型五大句型.pptx

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1、 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）s:subject v:verb P:predicative o:object(indirect)c:complement第1页/共28页基本句型 一+（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表

2、达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第2页/共28页 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed?woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone第3页/共28页基本句型 二+（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一

3、个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand第4页/共28页（是系动词）（是系动词）(表语表语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smells(闻闻)

4、fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.第5页/共28页基本句型三+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第6页/共28页（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at und

5、erstands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.第7页/共28页基本句型四+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。第8页/共28页（及（及物）物）（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.

6、She 3.He 8.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 4.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.第9页/共28页基本句型五+（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个

7、补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。第10页/共28页（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.第11页/共28页（二）第12页/共28页1.They work hard.

8、主 +谓2.The flower is dead.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾4.He gives me some seeds.主+谓+直宾+简宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主 +谓第13页/共28页除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例：Wef

9、oundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeoplesDailyoncurrenta

10、ffairsinEastEurope.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。第14页/共28页不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：Hesgettingangry.(SVP)Hegotthroughthewindow.(SVO)Youllgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)Hegothimselfintotrouble.(SVOC)Hegotherasplendidpresent.(SV0O)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:Ifoun

11、dthebookeasily.我很容易地找到了这本书。SVOM）Ifoundthebookeasy.我觉得这本书很容易。（SVOC）Ihavetodosomething.我得做点事。Ihavesomethingtodo.我有点事做。第15页/共28页ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdelAnjarAugust14,2006.S+

12、V第16页/共28页A53-pointwinoverSouthKoreawrappedupaperfectAsianexhibitiontourforastar-studdedU.S.teamonitswaytotheworldchampionships.S+V+O第17页/共28页Ministry:ThaibirdfludidnotoriginateinChinaAccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrg

13、anization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThailandwasarbitraryandbasedonthefactthatthevirusfoundinThailandandLaoswassimilartorecentfindsinsouthernChina,theministrysstatementsaid.s+v+pApolicemanremovesacheckpointnoticefromtheroadtothevillagewherebirdflupatientwerefoundinZhongweiCounty,northwe

14、stNingxiaAutonomousRegion,August12,2006.Xinhua第18页/共28页MembersofHongKongsinginggroup,GillianChung(L)andCharleneChoiholdabannerwhichreads“Dignity”duringanewsconferenceentitled“Privacyanddignity:HongKongpeoplesbusiness”inHongKongAugust28,2006.Semi-nude(半裸)photosofChungtakenwithahiddencamerahavesparked

15、anuproar(骚动)amongfansandwomensrightgroups.S+V+O第19页/共28页FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabl

16、etostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇）这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。第20页/共28页Eventhoughtheremaybeatendencyinsomerarefamiliestoliveextraordinarilylong,thegeneticinfluencethatemergedfromthestudiesoftwinswa

17、ssignificantlylessthanmuchofthepublicandmanyscientiststhinkitis.S+V+PJosephineTesauro,left,activeandhealthyat92,ispartofastudytryingtodeterminewhysomepeopleagebetterthanothers,evenwhentheyarecloselyrelated.第21页/共28页WashingtonsaysworldpowersarepoisedtobegindiscussingpunitivemeasuresnextweekagainstIra

18、nif,asexpected,theInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA)reportsTeheranhasignoredtheUNdemandtostopenrichinguraniumbyAugust31.第22页/共28页英语句式考查第23页/共28页1.Whomwouldyourather_thecar?Myfather.A.havefixB.havetofixC.hadfixD.havetobefixed2.Wasit8oclock_youheardsomeone_atthedoor?A.when;knockingB.when;knockC.tha

19、t;knockingD.that;knock3.Wasitintheroom_Mr.Johnlived_theexhibitionwasheld?A.that;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.where;that4.Is_youwanttosay?Yes,_thatsallIknow.A.allwhat;yetB.whichall;unlessC.thatall;D.allthat;so第24页/共28页5.Wasitnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan?A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since6._the

20、houseMrZhanghasbeenbrokeninto?A.WhenwasitthatB.WhenhasC.HasD.Had7.Did_shewaschosenmakeherveryhappy?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it8.WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1994,_wasledbycaptainJohnson,_Peterlosthislife?A.when;thatB.that;whoC.which;thatD.which;when第25页/共28页9.-Wouldyoutellme_youwantyourtea,withsugarormilk

21、?-Sugar,please.A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how10.Atlastthesoldiersreached_thelocalscalledtheGoldenTriangle.A.whatB.whichC.asD.one11.“Wellmakepublicschools_canbe.”saidthepresidentinthespeech.A.whattheyB.whatitC.thattheyD.allit12.Theartcenteris_usedtobeafactory,_millionsoftractorsweremade.A.what,whereB.whe

22、re,whereC.what,whichD.where,which第26页/共28页13.Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasall_kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A.thatB.whatC.those D.which14.Iamashamed,sir,thatIwastedthemanyhours_Ishouldhavestudiedinclass.A.whileB.asC.onceD.when15.Teachersshouldcreateanenvironment_childrenaretaughthowtosolveproblemsoflearningbythemselves.A.why B.whereC.whichD.whose第27页/共28页感谢您的观看！第28页/共28页