某大学化学ppt课件.ppt

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1、http:/www.cchem.berkeley.edu/pdygrp/chem104a.htmlChemistry104AInorganicChemistry AnintroductiontoinorganicchemistryTopicscoveredwillinclude:atomicstructures,periodictrends,symmetryandgrouptheory,inorganicsolids,molecularorbitaltheory,molecularstructure,acid-basechemistry,bandtheory,anddescriptiveche

2、mistryofthemaingroupelements.Completionofageneralchemistrysequence(chemistry1B,3Aor4B)isprerequisite.Chemistry104AInorganicChemistryMiessler,G.L.,Tarr,D.A.Inorganic Chemistry,3rd edition,PrenticeHall,Inc.,NewJersey,1999DeKockandGray,Chemical Structure and Bonding,2nd Ed.,UniversityScienceBooks,1989

3、Vincent,Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory,Wiley,2001.Chemistry104AInorganicChemistryCotton,Wilkinson,and Gaus,Basic Inorganic Chemistry,Wiley,1995Cotton,Chemical Applications of Group Theory,Wiley,1990Douglas,McDaniel,and Alexander,Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry,Wiley,1994Huheey,Keiter

4、,and Keiter,Inorganic Chemistry,4th Ed.HaperCollins,1993Shriver,Atkins,and Langford,Inorganic Chemistry,W.H.Freeman,1990Porterfield,Inorganic Chemistry,Academic Press,1993Cotton and Wilkinson,Advanced Inorganic Chemistry,5th Ed.,Wiley,1998Greenwood and Earnshaw,Chemistry of the Elements,Butterworth

5、Heineman,1997AtomicStructurePeriodicTrendsSymmetryandGroupTheoryIonicSolidsMolecularOrbitalTheoryBandTheoryAcidBaseChemistryMainGroupChemistryGrading:Problemsets(6)10%Exam125%Exam225%Final40%Instructor:ProfessorPeidongYangB68Hild.Tel:643-1545E-Mail:p_yanguclink.berkeley.eduOfficeHours:Fridays1:303:3

6、0pmTA:AndreaTao(ataouclink.berkeley.edu),Wednesday.4-6pmLoriGreene(legreeneuclink.berkeley.edu),Monday.1-3pmWhatisinorganicchemistry?RequiredcourseforaBSdegreeinchemistry.OrganicChemistry:thechemistryoflifethechemistryofhydrocarboncompoundsC,H,N,OInorganicChemistry:Non-livingchemistryChemistryof“eve

7、rythingelse”ChemistryoftheentireperiodictableTaxolThe natural source,the Pacific yew tree,is an environmentally protected species,which is also one of the slowest growing trees in the world.Isolation of the compound,which is contained in the bark,involves killing the tree,and the quantities availabl

8、e by this method are pitifully small.It would take six 100-year old trees to provide enough taxol to treat just one patient.Taxol:the drug that now has the generic name paclitaxel,and the registered tradename Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb Company)Carbon:4bondsHydrogen:1bondNitrogen:3bondsOxygen:2bonds

9、Constant“atomicity”(valence)AugustKekule(1829-1896,German)Organicmolecules:successfulInorganicmolecules:?OrganicCompoundsInorganicCompoundsSingleBond DoubleBond TripleBond Quadruplebond CoordinationNo.ConstantDiverseGeometryFixedDiverseRe2Cl82-Quadruple BondOilRefining:Catalystsforconvertingcrudeoil

10、togasolineOne way to smelt iron is in a blast furnace made from coal and limestone(CaCO3).Huge quantities of air blast in at the bottom of the furnace.The calcium in the limestone combines with the silicates to form slag.At the bottom of the blast furnace,liquid iron collects along with a layer of s

11、lag on top.Periodically,you let the liquid iron flow out and cool.SteelRefiningSemiconductorIndustrySuperconductorNanoscience&NanotechnologyTotalSynthesisofTaxolNeed catalysts!BioinorganicChemistryHemoglobinCommonapplicationsofinorganicchemistryCatalysts:aluminumoxides,zeolites,transitionmetalsSemic

12、onductors:Si,Ge,GaAs,InPPolymers:silicones,(SiR2)n,polyphosphazenesSuperconductors:NbN,YBa2Cu3O7-x,Bi2Sr2CaCu2OzMagneticMaterials:Fe,SmCo5,Nd2Fe14BLubricants:graphite,MoS2Nanostructuredmaterials:nanoclusters,nanowiresandnanotubeFertilizers:NH4NO3,(NH4)2SO4Paints:TiO2,PbCrO4Disinfectants/oxidants:Cl2

13、,Br2,I2,MnO4-Watertreatment:Ca(OH)2,Al2(SO4)3Industrialprocesses:H2SO4,NaOH,CO2Organicsynthesis:reactioncatalystsBiology:VitaminB12,hemoglobin,Fe-SproteinWhatyouwillyoubeabletodoaftertakingthiscourse?Whatyouwillyoubeabletodoaftertakingthiscourse?PredictingIRspectra,chemicalanalysisKnowingCrystalStru

14、cturesKnowingCrystalStructuresUnderstandingMolecularOrbitalsUnderstandingMolecularOrbitalsUnderstandchemicalreactionUnderstandchemicalreactionAtomicStructureReading:MT 1,2;DG 1RutherfordBackScattering1913,DanishPhysicist,1913,DanishPhysicist,NielsNielsBohrBohrElectrostaticFe=OutwardFoTotalEnergy:Tot

15、alEnergy:E E=KE+PEKE+PE E 0What would be lowest energy state?R 0Energy Quantized(Planck Equation)E=hAngular Momentum of electron is quantized.mev.r =nh/2Come to the rescue.Velocity of the electron quantizedr1=Bohr radius=a0=0.529 Aok=13.606 eVCalculatingtheemissionline:Calculatingtheemissionline:fro

16、m level m to level nBohrModelcanNOTexplainZeemaneffect.DualNatureofMatterReading:MT 2,DG 11924,French physicist Louis de Broglie:All matter possesses wave propertiesBaseball:200gSpeed:3000 cm/sec(67 miles/hour)Electron:Same velocity Experimental evidence:electron diffractionTheuncertaintyprincipleTh

17、euncertaintyprinciple1927,Werner Heisenberg1927,Werner HeisenbergItisimpossibletoknowsimultaneouslyboththemomentumandthepositionofaparticlewithcertainty.Baseball:200gSpeed:3000cm/sec(67 miles/hour)Electron:Same velocity Accuracy:one part per trillionElectron motion:wavefunction Schrodingerwaveequation(1926):Hamiltonian operator