英语阅读理解技巧.pptx
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1、分析题干能力训练分析题干能力训练体裁分析能力训练体裁分析能力训练猜词能力训练猜词能力训练猜答案能力猜答案能力训练训练教学内容教学内容第1页/共37页1“指读”2“声读”3“译读”4“回读”5“析读”6“参照读”7“视幅过窄”8“毛病”(bad habits):教学过程中,发现学生在阅读时常做些不利于阅读的坏动作。有的同学晃头、颠腿、转笔、听音乐、咬指头、趴在桌子上、揪头发等等。摒弃不良的阅读习惯。摒弃不良的阅读习惯。第2页/共37页高考英语考试中阅读理解的文章一般有这样几种文体,即记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文和论述文。不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次。记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落,文
2、章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落,文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线,弄清主线,弄清whowho、whatwhat、wherewhere、whywhy与与howhow。描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题,主题词往往出现在各个句子里,贯穿文章的始末;紧围绕这个主题进行阅读,找到主题,主题词往往出现在各个句子里,贯穿文章的始末;紧围绕这个主题进行阅读,找到文章与之有关的信息,并确定信息与主题的关系。文章与之有关的信
3、息,并确定信息与主题的关系。说明文多见于科普文章,用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的说明文多见于科普文章,用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系,这类文体的文章,首句往往是主题句,开门见山,说明文章的关注对象:弄清作者关系,这类文体的文章,首句往往是主题句,开门见山,说明文章的关注对象:弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式;把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。的思路和段落组织的方式;把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。体裁分析能力体裁分析能力第3页/共37页论述文的阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度。阅读论述文应该从文体的写作和结构特点入手.文章的结构往往
4、容易把握,用主题句开门见山。文章的结构往往容易把握,用主题句开门见山。作者往往通过作者往往通过信号词信号词(signal words(signal words或或transitional words)transitional words)和和关联词关联词(referents(referents来组织段落、文章来组织段落、文章.对信对信号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的;要特别注意区分作者的观点与文章号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的;要特别注意区分作者的观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点,同时注意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇。里所提到的人物的观点,同时注意作者
5、所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇。体裁分析能力体裁分析能力第4页/共37页细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种:细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种:1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information 1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?in the passage?2)The author mentions all of the following except.2)The author men
6、tions all of the following except.3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the 3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?passage?4)The 4)The writer writer mentions mentions all all of of the the items items listed listed below below except except _._.
7、5)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?5)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?6)What is the example of.as described in the passage?6)What is the example of.as described in the passage?7)The reason for.is.7)The reason for.is.8)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,wh
8、o,etc.).8)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).9)From the passage we know that _.9)From the passage we know that _.10)In the passage,the author states that _.10)In the passage,the author states that _.分析题干能力分析题干能力第5页/共37页细节理解题:细节理解题:细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-wh-题,它们大多是根据 文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论
9、述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案,有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到,比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子,再对相关的部分进行细读,找出正确答案。第6页/共37页1 1、是非题出题形式:、是非题出题形式:a.三正一误:Which of the following is true except?Which of the following is mentioned exceptb.三误一正:Which of the following is true?这种做题方法主要与三正一误的下列问法相联系:Which
10、of the following mentioned except Which of the following is not mentioned?这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段,而且往往无列举标志词,如first,second,third等。做题时只需阅读有关段落,根据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其他两个正确先项,剩下一个原文中未提到的,为正确答案。分析题干能力分析题干能力第7页/共37页2 2、例证题、例证题 例子为高考阅读理解的常见考点之一,这类题的基本结构为:The author provides in line(或Paragraph)an example in o
11、rder to意思是问文中举出某现象或例子的目的。文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定的道理。关键在于这个例子在原文出现的位置,但不管如何,这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话,这句话就是答案,即举例的目的。如果例子与全文主题有关,则例证主题,答案为主题句。如果例子与段落主题有关,就例证段落主题,则答案为段落主题句;此外,答案为例子前后总结说明性的话。分析题干能力分析题干能力第8页/共37页3 3、年代与数字、年代与数字:这个考点有几种出题方式,但不管以何种形式出现,只要题干问年代与这个考点有几种出题方式,但不管以何种形式出现,只要题干问年代与数字,答案就对应于文章中的年代与数字
12、。数字,答案就对应于文章中的年代与数字。4 4、比较、比较:比较考点的表现形式主要有:比较考点的表现形式主要有:a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构;b.表示绝对意义的字眼:first(第一),least(最不),most(最)等;c.表示惟一性的词汇:only,unique等;阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇,便于做题时回原文定位。分析题干能力分析题干能力第9页/共37页5 5、原因:、原因:这种题的答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段提示:result,reason;result in(结果),result from(由于,baseon(以为基础),be du
13、e to(由于);because,for,why;as a result,consequently等。阅读时对这些提示词应该予以注意。原文相关句出现的格式都是先说原因,后说结果,而在题干中通常给出结果,就其原因提问。分析题干能力分析题干能力第10页/共37页Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian,host of the well received TV programme“Stars Tonight”,Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991,appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last
14、Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old,Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However,it still took her thr
15、ee months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow,I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare
16、 since I won the title.This time,in Shanghai,Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience,said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q:Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV
17、 Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.解析:解析:A、C 和和D都可在原文找到答案,而都可在原文找到答案,而B项原文列的是:项原文列的是:taken to Hong Kong可判断不是可判断不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents,因此选,因此选B。return第11页/共37页主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种:主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种:1 1)The The generalgeneral/main/main idea of the passage is about _ idea of the passag
18、e is about _ 2 2)Which of the following Which of the following bestbest states the theme of the passage states the theme of the passage?3 3)In this passage the author discussesIn this passage the author discusses primarily primarily _ _ 4 4)The passage is The passage is mostly mostly about _about _
19、5 5)The passage is The passage is mainlymainly concerned about _ concerned about _ 6 6)What is What is the main topicthe main topic of the passage of the passage?7 7)What is What is the best titlethe best title for the passage for the passage?8 8)The subjectThe subject discussed in this text is _ di
20、scussed in this text is _ 9)The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to 10)The passage is meant to.11)The purpose of this article is to 分析题干能力分析题干能力第12页/共37页在解主题大意时,以下方法可供参考。在解主题大意时,以下方法可供参考。1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓抓住住反反复复出出现现的的中中心心词词,即即高高频频词词,也也叫叫做做主主题题词词。(0404年年全全国国卷卷1
21、 1(河河南南等等)E E篇篇中中majormajor出出现现过过八八次次,尽尽管管其其词词性性、词词义义有有所不同,但它就是关键词)。所不同,但它就是关键词)。3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。例如:On the whole,in short,therefore I agree with the opinion thatGiven all these points above,I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above,I would prefer 掌握了找主题句的方法,就可以依据主题
22、句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误,需要同学们注意。1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。分析题干能力分析题干能力第13页/共37页 如何寻找主题句Sample 1 People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer
23、chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.(1)主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后的句子则是论证性
24、细节。在论说文,科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。第14页/共37页Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.(2 2
25、)主题句也会出现在段尾。)主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。它是此段内容的结论。第15页/共37页 Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In
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