被动语态详解.pptx

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1、(二二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主主要要体体现现在在be的的变变化化上上，其其形形式式与与系系动动词词be的的变变化化形形式式完完全全一一样样。以以givegive 为为例例，列表如下：列表如下：一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are+given 一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were+given 一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will+be+given 现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are+being+given 现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has+been+given 过去完成时：过去完成时：had+been+given 过去进

2、行时：过去进行时：was/were+being+given 过去将来时：过去将来时：should/would+be+given 将来完成时：将来完成时：shall/will+have been+given 过去将来完成时：过去将来完成时：should/would+have been+given注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。第1页/共18页(三三三三)被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态1.一般现在时：一般现

3、在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter the

4、chemistry lab without a teacher.2.一般过去时：一般过去时：They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.The students didnt forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily for

5、gotten.His lessons were not easily forgotten.第2页/共18页3.一般将来时：一般将来时：They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-l

6、eavers.4.过去将来时：过去将来时：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.T

7、he workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.第3页/共18页5.现在进行时：现在进行时：The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.English lessons are being broadcasted on the rad

8、io.We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.The rooms are being painted.6.过去进行时：过去进行时：Why didnt they drive there on time?Because the workers were mending the road.Because the road was being mended.Because the road was being mended.This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees we

9、re being planted here this time last year.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7.现在完成时：现在完成时：Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.the sports meet might be put off.I have been told the sports meet might be put off.I have been told the sports meet might be put off.We have

10、brought down the price.The price has been brought down.The price has been brought down.第4页/共18页8.过去完成时：过去完成时：When I got to the theatre,I found they they had already sold outhad already sold out the tickets.the tickets.When I got to the theatre,I found When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets th

11、e tickets had already been sold out.had already been sold out.The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;People People had had consideredconsidered him to be a great leader.him to be a great leader.He He had been consideredhad been considered to be a great leader.to be a great leader.9.

12、含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。构成。You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions Your compositions must be handed inmust be handed in after class.after class.He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many lette

13、rs A great many letters can be writtencan be written with the computer by him.with the computer by him.第5页/共18页(四四)被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 使使 用用1.1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。短语。“Mr.White,the cup with mixture was broken after class.”Mr.White,the cup with mixture was

14、 broken after class.”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2.2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。短语。These records were made by John Denver.These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.The cup was broken by Paul.3.3.当当汉汉语语句句子子的的主主语语既既不

15、不是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，也也不不是是动动作作的的承承受受者者时时，这这时时常常用用in +名名词词作作状语，而代替状语，而代替 by 短语。短语。These cars were made in China.These cars were made in China.15,000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.15,000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.第6页/共18页(五五)主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）My aunt

16、invited me to her dinner party.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 I was invited (by my aunt)to her dinner party.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语（2）The school set up a special class to help poor readers.A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.1.1.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动

17、语态的主语。2.2.2.2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的bebe+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。，时态要与原句保持一致。，时态要与原句保持一致。，时态要与原句保持一致。3.3.3.3.把把把把主主主主动动动动语语语语态态态态的的的的主主主主语语语语变变变变为为为为介介介介词词词词byby 的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语，放放放放在在在在被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态里里里里谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词之之之之后后后后，byby 短短短短语语语语可可可可以以以以省省省省略。如果原

18、句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用inin+地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。第7页/共18页(六六)语态转换时要注意的问题语态转换时要注意的问题1.1.把把主主动动语语态态变变为为被被动动语语态态时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词的的时时态态要要与与原原句句时时态态保保持持一一致致，其其谓谓语语动动词词的数要与新主语保持一致。的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has b

19、een bought.(正确正确)A new computer have been bought.(错误错误)2.2.含含有有双双宾宾语语的的主主动动句句变变被被动动句句时时，可可分分别别将将其其中中的的一一个个宾宾语语变变为为主主语语，另另一一个个不不动动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如如果果把把直直接接宾宾语语(指指物物)改改为为主主语语，则则在在间间接接宾宾语语(指指人人)前前加加适适当当的的介介词词

20、，如如上上句句还还可可以说：以说：A present was given to me yesterday.保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语第8页/共18页注意：注意：注意：注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell 等。The cup with mixture was showed to the class.My bike was lent to her.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,ch

21、oose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing 等。Mother made me a new skirt.(A new skirt was made for me.)The meat was cooked for us.Some country music was played for us.有些既不用to 也不用for,根据动词与介词的搭配关系。He asked me a question.(A question was asked of me.)People all over the world know the Gre

22、at Wall.The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.(不用by短语)第9页/共18页3.由由动动词词+介介词词或或副副词词构构成成的的短短语语动动词词，要要把把它它们们作作为为整整体体看看，即即把把它它们们看看成成一一个个及及物物动动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不不不不及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词+介介介介词词词词，如如如如:agree to,ask for,laugh at,operated on,listen to,look after,think of,tal

23、k about 等。等。The patient is being operated on.The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词+副副副副词词词词：如如如如：bring about,carry out,find out,give up,hand in,make out,pass on,point out,put away,put off,thin

24、k over,turn down,work out,turn out 等。等。His request was turned down.His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.第10页/共18页4.带带复复合合宾宾语语(宾宾语语+宾宾补补)的的动动词词改改为为被被动动语语态态时时，一一般般把把主主动动结结构构中中的的宾宾语语改改为为主主语语，而宾语

25、补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instructions.注注注注意意意意：在在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel等等动动词词后后作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词不不定定式式都都不不带带 to，但但改改成成被被动动语语态态后后

26、都都带带to，这这时时不不定定式式为为主主语语补补足足语语，也也就就是是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.注注意意：带带有有复复合合宾宾语语的的句句子子，如如果果宾宾语语补补足足语语是是名名词词，变变被被动动句句时时，应应将将宾宾语语变变为为主主语语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe an

27、d people called them love apples.people called them love apples.误：误：Love apples were called them.正：正：They were called love apples.第11页/共18页5.还有一种短语动词由还有一种短语动词由动词动词动词动词+名词名词名词名词+介词介词介词介词构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下：构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下：1)We take good care of the books.The books are taken good care of.The books are t

28、aken good care of.Good care is taken of the book.Good care is taken of the book.2)You must pay attention to your pronunciation.Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.Your pronunciation must be paid attent

29、ion to.用用于于这这类类结结构构的的短短语语动动词词常常见见的的有有：catch sight of,make use of,pay attention to,set fire to,take care of,take hold of,take notice of,keep an eye on 等。等。6.当当主主动动句句的的主主语语是是nobody,no one等等含含有有否否定定意意义义的的不不定定代代词词时时，被被动动句句中中将将其其变变为为anybody,作作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobody can answe

30、r this question.误：误：The question can be answered by nobody.正：正：The question can not be answered by anybody.The question can not be answered by anybody.第12页/共18页7.当当否否定定句句中中的的宾宾语语是是anything,anybody,anyone等等不不定定代代词词时时，在在被被动动句句中中应应将将其其分分别变为别变为nothing,nobody,no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动

31、语态。如：They havent done anything to make the river clean.误：误：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean.正：正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.Nothing has been done to make the river clean.8.以以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：放在句首：Who wrote the story?误：误：Who was the stor

32、y written?正：正：By whom was the story written?By whom was the story written?第13页/共18页9.有有些些动动词词既既是是及及物物又又是是不不及及物物，当当它它们们和和well,badly,easily等等副副词词连连用用时时，表表示示主主语语内内在在品品质质或或性性能能，是是不不及及物物动动词词，用用主主动动表表示示被被动动，这这时时不不用用被被动动语语态态，常常见见的的有有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook 等。如：等。如：The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。这布很

33、好洗。The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。这支笔写字很流畅。对比：对比：The books sell well.(主动句主动句)The books were sold out.(被动句被动句)The meat didnt cook well.(主动句主动句)The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.(被动句被动句)第14页/共18页10.10.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改

34、为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第第一一，感感官官系系动动词词一一般般用用主主动动形形式式表表示示被被动动意意义义，如如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。等。Do you like the material?Yes,it feels very soft.误：误：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.误：误：The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.误：误：The pop music is sounded beauti

35、ful.第二，谓语是及物动词第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：等。如：He entered the room and got his book.误：误：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.误：误：Her hand was had burned.第15页/共18页第第三三，一一些些不不及及物物动动词词短短语语没没有有被被动动语语态态，如如：take place,break out,belong to,lose heart

36、,consist of,add up to等。如：等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building.误：误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第第四四，不不及及物物动动词词没没有有被被动动语语态态，如如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。等。When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen.误：误：The sun had already been risen.After the ea

37、rthquake,few houses remained.误：误：After the earthquake,few houses were remained.第第五五，宾宾语语是是反反身身代代词词，相相互互代代词词，同同源源宾宾语语，不不定定式式，v-ing形形式式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：I taught myself English.误：误：Myself was taught English.We love each other.误：误：Each other is loved.第16页/共18页11.11.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现

38、主语，在英语中一般可用被动结在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：构来表示，例如：据说据说It is said that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.

39、2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词-inging 形式，不定形式，不定形式，不定形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。第17页/共18页感谢您的观看！第18页/共18页