语法填空非谓语动词 语法填空.pptx

《语法填空非谓语动词 语法填空.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语法填空非谓语动词 语法填空.pptx（74页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：第1页/共74页主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补动动名名词词不不定定式式分分词词现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：第2页/共74页考点1：作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing形式；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。考点2：作表语(1)动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling,surprising,excit

2、ing等-ing分词表示“令人的(事物)”；像puzzled,surprised,excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。第3页/共74页考点3：作宾语(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse,expect,promise,decide,offer,pretend等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,advise,consider,imagine,appreciate,escape,suggest等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)

3、(3)在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。第4页/共74页(4)在forget,remember,regret,mean,try等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。(5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意to是介词的短语，如be/get used to,be accustomed to(习惯于),contribute to,devote oneself to/be devoted to,get down to,look forward to等。(6)含介词的固定句式：prevent/stop/keep s

4、b./sth.from doing 阻止做第5页/共74页spend/waste time or money in doing 在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困难have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难there is no sense in doing做是没有理由/道理的(7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词but和except后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。第6页/共74页考点4：作宾补当宾语与作宾

5、补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。另外，请注意复习以下6点：(1)在ask,invite,encourage,advise,forbid,remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。(2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。第7页/共74页(3)在make,let,have等使役动词和feel,smell,hear,see,watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。(4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾

6、语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。第8页/共74页(5)get sb.to do sth.=have sb.do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来);get/havedoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续);getdone=have sth.done请人做/遭受(被动)。(6)make oneself 后常用understood,heard,seen,known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。第9页/共74页考点5：作状语(1)

7、在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用-ing形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。(2)不定式作状语只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词(如glad,sorry,surprised,frightened,delighted)之后，表示原因。(3)不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也还用于tooto,enough to,so/suchas to等固定结构中。-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词的动作

8、是因果关系。第10页/共74页(4)在作表语的形容词后或者作宾补的形容词后作状语，一般只用不定式。(5)表示目的时只能用不定式，此时的不定式可以放在句首。(6)在“连词(如when,while,if,though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主语是主动关系时用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。第11页/共74页考点6：作定语(1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有要”；或修饰“the+序数词”。(2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。第12页/

9、共74页考点7：特殊句式Why not do sth.?=Why dont you do sth.?何不做某事呢？had better(not)do sth.最好(不)做某事would rather(not)do sth.宁愿(不)做某事would do A rather than do B=would rather do A than do B=prefer to do A rather than do B=prefer doing A to doing B 宁做A事不做B事第13页/共74页考点8：独立结构(1)-ing形式的独立成分：judging by/from(根据判断),gener

10、ally speaking(一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来),frankly speaking(坦率地说)等。(2)不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth(和你说实话吧),to make things worse(情况更糟的是)等。(3)用作介词或连词的considering(考虑到，就而言)和given(考虑到)后接名词或that从句。第14页/共74页解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非

11、谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。第15页/共74页另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用to do还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：充当句充当句子成分子成分宾语宾语 表语表语状语状语定语定语宾补宾补逻辑逻辑主语主语句子的主语句子的主语所修饰所修饰的词的词句子的句子的宾语宾语第16页/共74页例1the proverb,“plucking up a crop 32 (help)it g

12、row”,is based on the following story.思路分析：因句中已有谓语is based，而“plucking up a crop 32 (help)it grow”是the proverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to help。第17页/共74页例2While she was getting me _34_(settle)into a tiny but clean room思路分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又

13、由settle sb.into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。第18页/共74页考点击破第19页/共74页一、考点分析非谓语动词在语法填空中，每年必考，且每年一个小题，但四年来，只涉及到非谓语动词的两种用法。第20页/共74页1.作状语。He spit it out,37 (say)it was awful.解析因句中已有谓语spit，此处又没有连词，say不是并列谓语，而是非谓语动词；又因he与say是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。saying第21页/共74页2.作宾补。Finally,I accepted

14、 the offer of an old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me 34 (settle)into a tiny but clean room,解析由settle sb.into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补。又如：A nurse settled the old man into a chair.护士让那位老人舒舒服服地坐在椅子上。settled第22页/共74页温馨提示温馨提示:虽然只考查了非谓语动词虽然只考查了非

15、谓语动词作作状语和作宾语补足语状语和作宾语补足语，但复习时，但复习时，非谓语动词作非谓语动词作定语定语、作主语和作宾、作主语和作宾语也不可忽视。语也不可忽视。第23页/共74页二、真题演练用所给词的适当形式填空。1.She wished that he was as easy 32 (please)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.1.to please 句中已有谓语was easy，please应为非谓语动词；因在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填to please。to please第24页/共74页2.For ex

16、ample,the proverb,“plucking up a crop32 (help)it grow”,is based on the following story.2.to help 作目的状语，用动词不定式。to help第25页/共74页3.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _(discover).3.to be discovered。动词wait后习惯上接不定式；另外，actors与discover之间为被动关系，即“等着被发现”，故选不定式的被动式。to be discovered第26页/共74页4

17、.We were astonished _(find)the temple still in its original condition.4.to find。be astonished后要接不定式表示原因。to find第27页/共74页5.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank _(buy)presents for my dad.5.to buy。“给父亲买礼物”是“从银行拿钱出来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式。to buy第28页/共74页6.His first book _

18、(publish)next month is based on a true story.6.to be published。根据句中的next month可知是将出版，故要用不定式；又因为book与publish之间为被动关系，故要用不定式的被动式。to be published第29页/共74页7.I have a lot of readings _(complete)before the end of this term.7.to complete。表示有事要做，用“have+宾语+不定式”结构，其中的不定式用作定语，修饰其前的名词。to complete第30页/共74页8.Many

19、buildings in the city need repairing,but the one _ first is the library.8.to be repaired。表示首先要修理的那座建筑物，即表示未来，用动词不定式；又the one与repair是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。to be repaired第31页/共74页9._(approach)the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.9.Approaching。因we与approach是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作状语。Appro

20、aching第32页/共74页10.In many peoples opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant _(deal)with.10.to deal。在形容词easy,hard,difficult,pleasant等后作状语，用动词不定式，且习惯上要用主动形式表示被动含义。to deal第33页/共74页11.That is the only way we can imagine _(reduce)the overuse of water in students bathrooms.11.to reduce。不定式在

21、此用作定语，修饰the only way。其实，the only way还有两个定语，一个是we can imagine，另一个是to reduce the overuse of water。to reduce第34页/共74页12.I had great difficulty _(find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.12.finding。have difficulty(in)doing sth 为固定句式，其意为“做某事有困难”。finding第35页/共74页13.Im calling to enquire about

22、 the position _(advertise)in yesterdays China Daily.13.advertised。由于position(职位)与 advertise(登广告)之间为被动关系，且广告昨天已经刊发了，故用过去分词作定语。advertised第36页/共74页14.So far nobody has claimed the money _(discover)in the library.14.discovered。由于money与discover之间为被动关系，由句意可知，钱“已经”被发现，故用过去分词作定语。discovered第37页/共74页15.Alexan

23、der tried to get his work _(recognize)in the medical circles.15.recognized。考查“get+宾语+过去分词”结构。其中的“宾语”与其后的“过去分词”之间为被动关系。recognized第38页/共74页16.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _(borrow)from the library.16.borrowed。因maps与borrow之间为被动关系；再根据句意，地图是“已经”借来了，所以用过去分词作定语。borrowed第39页/共74页17.Though _(s

24、urprise)to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.17.surprised。因the professor与surprise是被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语。surprised第40页/共74页18._(see)from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.18.Seen。由于the south foot与see之间为被动关系，故要选过去分词作状语。Seen第41页/共74页19.The living room is clea

25、n and tidy,with a dining table already _(lay)for a meal to be cooked.19.laid。短语lay a table的意思是“摆桌子”，因句中的table与动词lay之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。laid第42页/共74页20.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _(carry)out regularly,can improve our health.20.carried。由于exercise(锻炼)与carry out(进行，执行)之间为被动关系

26、，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语，if carried out regularly相当于if it is carried out regularly。carried第43页/共74页21.A great number of students _(question)said they were forced to practice the piano.21.questioned。由于students与question(提问，询问)之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。questioned第44页/共74页22.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always ke

27、eps her colleagues _(amuse)with her stories.22.amused。意思是Lucy让他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形式作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补的)，故填amused。amused第45页/共74页23.He had a wonderful childhood,_(travel)with his mother to all corners of the world.23.traveling。因he与travel是主动关系，故用现在分词短语traveling with his mother作状语，表示原因。traveling第46页/共

28、74页24._(look)at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes.24.Looking。因I与look是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。Looking第47页/共74页25.Listen!Do you hear someone _(call)for help?25.calling。由listen可知，动作正在进行，表示“听见某人在做某事”，用hear sb doing sth句型。calling第48页/共74页26.It rained heavily in the south,_(cause)seriou

29、s flooding in several provinces.26.causing。“引起严重水灾”是“下大雨”的自然结果，作结果状语，用现在分词作状语。causing与which caused相当。causing第49页/共74页27.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.27.weighing。因young children与weigh是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句中介词短语under和现在分

30、词短语weighing一起作定语，修饰young children。weighing第50页/共74页28.Almost 33 (freeze),the old man could not get off the ground.28.frozen。因句子主语the old man与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。frozen第51页/共74页29.A pick-up truck passed us on the road and,a few minutes later,I saw it 33 (pull)back and the driver looking direc

31、tly at us.29.pulling。因it与pull在这是主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，即see sb./sth.doing sth.句型。pulling第52页/共74页30.It was a presidential talk 33 (deliver)at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families.30.delivered。过去分词作后置定语。delivered第53页/共74页第54页/共74页一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1._(walk)is a good form of exercise

32、for both young and old.(全国)2.Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions.Its no use _(argue)with him.(上海)3.Please remain _(seat);the winner of the prize will be announced soon.(辽宁)4.Can I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow _(smoke)here.(江苏)Walking arguing seated smoking 第55页/共74页5.It is difficult

33、 to imagine his _(accept)the decision without any consideration.(陕西)6.I cant stand _(work)with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _(stop)talking while she works.(北京)7.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _(repair).(陕西)8.Susan wanted to be independent of

34、 her parents.She tried _(live)alone,but she didnt like it and moved back home.(湖南)accepting to stop workingto be repaired living 第56页/共74页9.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _(not take)his advice!(安徽)10.If you think that treating a woman well means always _(get)her permis

35、sion for things,think again.(湖南)11.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _(open and close)could be heard outside the classroom.(全国)12.They are quiet,arent they?Yes.They are accustomed to _(not talk)at meals.(江苏)not taking getting being opened and closed not talking 第57页/共74页13.Isnt it time yo

36、u got down to _(mark)the papers?(重庆)14.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _(set)up some schools for poor children.(上海)15.She looks forward every spring to _(walk)in the flower-lined garden.(上海)16.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time _(pass)the exam.(福建)marking s

37、etting walking passing 第58页/共74页17.According to a recent U.S.survey,children spend up to 25 hours a week _(watch)TV.(上海)18.I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _(happen)again.(全国)19.Did you have trouble in_(find)the post office?(全国)20.Sandy could do nothing but _(admit)to his te

38、acher that he was wrong.(上海)watching happening finding admit 第59页/共74页21.I smell something _(burn)in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?(全国)22.Dont leave the water _(run)while you brush your teeth.(天津)23.It was so cold that they kept the fire _(burn)all night.(全国)24.The managers discussed t

39、he plan that they would like to see _(carry)out the next year.(全国)burning running burning carried out 第60页/共74页25.To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English _(speak)as much as we can.(江苏)26.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest)in hi

40、s lectures.(江苏)27.Energy drinks are not allowed _(make)in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(上海)28.My advisor encouraged me _(take)a summer course to improve my writing skills.(北京)spoken interested to be made to take 第61页/共74页29.My parents have always made me _(feel)good about myself,eve

41、n when I was twelve.(江苏)30.They knew her very well.They had seen her _(grow)up from childhood.(全国)31.The mother felt herself _(grow)cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.(上海)32.Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn).He always works hard.(全国)feel grow grow to learn 第62

42、页/共74页33.Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work _(fill)my mind,I almost break down.(福建)34.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _(finish),he gladly accepted it.(安徽)35.With a lot of difficult problems _(set),the newly-elected president is having

43、a hard time.(上海)36.The director had her assistant _(pick)up some hot dogs for the meeting.(全国)filling finished to settle pick 第63页/共74页37.Did Peter fix the computer himself?He had it _(fix),because he doesnt know much about computers.(安徽)38.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have h

44、er written English _(improve)in a short period.(福建)39.Helen had to shout to make herself _(hear)above the sound of the music.(广西)40.Peter received a letter just now _(say)his grandma would come to see him soon.(四川)fixed improved heard saying 第64页/共74页41.As the light turned green,I stood for a moment

45、,not _(move),and asked myself what I was going to do.(湖南)42._(walk)in the fields on a March afternoon,he could feel the warmth of spring.(安徽)43._(wait)in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(福建)44._(blame)for the breakdown of the school computer

46、 network,Alice was in low spirits.(福建)moving Walking Having waited Blamed 第65页/共74页45.He hurried to the booking office only _(tell)that all the tickets had been sold out.(陕西)46.European football is played in 80 countries,_(make)it the most popular sport in the world.(全国)47.You were silly not _(lock)

47、your car.(湖南)48.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _(breathe).(宁夏)to be told making to have locked to breathe 第66页/共74页49._(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.(湖南)50.When _(ask)why he went there,he said he was sent there to be traine

48、d for a space flight.(江西)51.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water)every day.(四川)52.When _(compare)different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(浙江)To complete asked watered comparing 第67页/共74页53.The last one _(arrive)pays

49、the meal.Agree!(全国)54.The trees _(blow)in the storm have been moved off the road.(湖南)55.Can those _(seat)at the back of the classroom hear me?(福建)56.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _(form)in your mind instead of before your eyes.(广西)to arrive blown seated

50、 forming 第68页/共74页57.Its a long time since I saw my sister.(全国)Why not _(visit)her this weekend?58._(search)the website of the Fire Department in your city,and you will learn a lot about firefighting.(湖南)59.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _(finish)for the day.(重庆)60._(gi