2021届东莞市沙田广荣中学高三英语第四次联考试题及答案解析.pdf

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1、2021 届东莞市沙田广荣中学高三英语第四次联考试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Bored with your life?Dreaming of something different?I always wonder what life would be like400 kmabove my head.Thats where the International Space Station orbits the earth,with six as

2、tronauts living and working on board,for months at a time.How do they sleep?They spend the night floating in a sleeping bag inside a small cubicle(小隔间)on the ceiling.American astronaut Sunita Williams explains,“Its like a little phone booth,but its pretty comfortable and it doesnt matter if I turn o

3、verand sleep upside down.I dont have any sensation(感觉)in my head that tells me Im upside down.”Brushing your teeth in a place where you cant have a tap or a sink can be a challenge.Can you imagine the mess that running water would make in zero gravity?Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield uses a straw t

4、o put a big blob of water from a sealed bag onto an ordinary toothbrush and adds a little toothpaste which he has to swallow when hes done.Daily exercise is essential.The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hour

5、s a day.The role of astronauts in the International Space Station is to act as lab technicians for scientists back on earth.So they spend their time maintaining their environment and performing and monitoring experiments in a confined space about the size of a Boeing 747.Almost every task is careful

6、ly planned by mission control although most astronauts spend their first days losing things until they get used to sticking everything they use to the walls with Velcro,duct tape(强力胶带)or clips(夹子)One of their most valued perks(额外待遇)is the view from“the office”,dominated by that gigantic blue ball do

7、wn there,sitting in the darkness of space.Wow!Absolutely breathtaking!1.When they sleep upside down,the astronauts willnot get dizzy because _.A.they dont feel it B.they sleep in the daytime C.they sleep in special sleeping bags D.they are trained to adapt to the conditions of weightlessness 2.What

8、parts become weak if astronauts dont exercise?A.Their teeth and bones.B.Their brains and bones.C.Their bones and muscles.D.Their teeth and muscles.3.What is the passage mainly about?A.The Problems We Met in Space.B.Living and Working in Space.C.How to Become an Astronaut.D.The International Space St

9、ation.B A growing body of research is revealing associations between birth defects(缺陷)and a fathers age,alcohol use and environmental factors,say researchers atGeorgetown University Medical Center.They say these defects result from epigenetic changes that can potentially affect multiple generations.

10、The study,published in theAmerican Journal of Stem Cells,suggest both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring a common sense conclusion which science is only now beginning to demonstrate,says the studys senior investigator,Joanna Kitlinska,PhD,an associate professor in biochemistr

11、y,and molecular and cellular biology.“We know the nutritional,hormonal and psychological environment provided by the mother permanently influences organ structure,cellular response and gene expression in her offspring,”she says.“But our study shows the same thing to be true with fathers his lifestyl

12、e,and how old he is,can be reflected in molecules that control gene function,”she says.“In this way,a father can affect not only his immediate offspring,but future generations as well.”For example,a newborn can be diagnosed with fetal(胎儿的)alcohol spectrum disorder(FASD),even though the mother has ne

13、ver consumed alcohol,Kitlinska says.“Up to 75 percent of children with FASD have biological fathers who are alcoholics,suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts their offspring.”Advanced age of a father is correlated with elevated rates of certain diseases,and bir

14、th defects in his children.A limited diet during a fathers preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular death in his children and grandchildren.Paternal obesity is linked to enlarged fat cells,changes in metabolic regulation,diabetes,obesity and development of brain cancer.Psycho

15、social stress on the father is linked to defective behavioral traits in his offspring.And paternal alcohol use leads to decreased newborn birth weight,marked reduction in overall brain size and impaired cognitive function.“This new field of inherited paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into c

16、linically applicable recommendations and lifestyle alternations,”Kitlinska says.“And to really understand the epigenetic influences of a child,we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects,as opposed to considering each in isolation.”4.Whats the message the writer conveys in t

17、he passage?A.Both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring.B.Fathers age and lifestyle are tied to birth defects.C.Father plays a more critical role in birth defects.D.Birth defects can potentially affect multiple generations.5.What can we infer from the example in Paragraph 5?A.FA

18、SD can only be diagnosed in a newborn whose father is addicted to alcohol.B.A newborn will not contract FASD if his mother has never consumed alcohol.C.A fathers lifestyle can negatively impact his offspring.D.Most children have biological fathers who are alcoholics.6.Which of the following situatio

19、ns is less likely to lead to childrens birth defects?A.Having a father with a limited diet.B.Having a father who is an alcoholic.C.Having an overweight father.D.Having a father with psychosocial stress.7.What will the research probably continue to focus on in the part that follows?A.The maternal epi

20、genetic influences of a child.B.The ways to avoid negative paternal influence on children.C.The clinical application of the research findings.D.The interaction between maternal and paternal effects.C Why can friendships be hard?Because often people arent as honest and open as they should be.Sometime

21、s,people end up getting hurt.Most problems with friendships come up because people are just too selfish to care about the things that their friends need.They care about their own needs much more,which makes it hard for friendships to work.However,being selfish is part of human nature.A person is put

22、 together in order to take care of himself and his own needs,not necessarily those needs of other people.Even though being selfish is something that all humans are born with,it is something that everyone should guard against.The best thing to remember when you are a friend to anyone is that you need

23、 to treat your friend the same way as youd like to be treated.This is wonderful advice for a friendship,because it is really the only way to make sure that you are giving your friend everything you would want to be given in a friendship.Whenever you have a question about how you should treat a frien

24、d,it is easy to find an answer simply by asking yourself what you would like your friend to do for you,if he or she is in your shoes.Even if youre always thinking about how youd like to be treated,and your friends are too,there are issues that come up from time to time in each friendship,and it is i

25、mportant to understand how to deal with these issues so that you can build stronger and healthier friendships.Issues like friends getting boyfriends or girlfriends and not spending enough time with their friends,or even friends finding new friends and leaving old friends behind are issues that will

26、probably come up with one or more of your friendships.It is important to know how to deal with these issues so that you can keep your friends and make new ones.No one wants to have a broken friendship.8.Why may problems with friendships appear?A.One is selfish.B.One is alone.C.One is too anxious.D.O

27、ne is too busy.9.Whats the first and most important thing to be other peoples friend?A.Not to hurt your friends feelings.B.To give your friends whatever you have.C.To treat your friends as fairly as possible.D.Not to think of your own needs any more.10.What is the text mainly about?A.The Meaning of

28、Friendships B.The Importance of Friendships C.The Advantages of Friendships D.The Problems with Friendships 11.What may follow the last paragraph of the text?A.How to make many friends.B.How to keep friends happy.C.How to treat friends correctly.D.How to solve friendship issues.D Age has never been

29、a problem for 16-year-old Thessalonika Arzu-Embry.After all,shes already got her masters degree.The North Chicago-area teen started homeschooling at the age of 4.She began having an influence on others soon after.When she was 6 years old,she was an inspirational speaker at an organization called Tab

30、itha House Community Service,which is for people who were forced to leave their homes because of earthquake,flood and other natural disasters.At the age of 11,she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelors degree in psychology in 2013.She completed those classes online as she was trave

31、ling for church events and leadership meetings.She doesnt stop there,though.The teen plans to focus on aviation psychology(航空心理学)for her further study,a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot.She grew up around airplanes and took fights all the time.Her goal is to use it to help pilots deal

32、with problems that could have deadly results once the plane takes off a topic that has been in the news lately.For her,its a mix of two of her interests.In her free time,Thessalonika enjoys playing tennis,swimming and being active in her youth group at church.She also has three self-published books,

33、which are on her site.Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college,and in the future aims to help business owners with trends.Her third book The Genius Race is designed to help people to be talents in various areas of life.12.Which of the following is TRUE about Thessalonika

34、?A.When she was 6 years old,she started homeschooling.B.She gained her masters degree at the age of 11.C.She majored in science and technology.D.In 2013 she got her bachelors degree through completing courses online.13.What is her next plan according to the passage?A.Major in aviation psychology.B.D

35、eliver inspiring speeches for church events and leadership meetings.C.Be active in her youth group at church.D.Write another book to help people to be talents.14.Why does she write the book Jump the Education Barrier?A.It aims to help people to be geniuses.B.It is intended to give students a hand to

36、 complete college.C.It is designed to arouse peoples awareness of psychology.D.The author hope to share her own experience with others.15.Which ofthe following can be the best title for the text?A.The Story of Thessalonika B.To be a talent C.Three Published Books D.Homeschooling 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满

37、分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 All over the world people are hooked on sports,which help them to strengthen their body and build their character._16_They improve the participants physical skills,and provide entertainment for the audience as well.Many people like to watch others pla

38、y games._17_Often they get very excited when“their”player or team wins.If they are crazy about the game or the player,then theyll become their diehard fans.Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them.Football,for example,has spread around the world.Swimming is popular in cou

39、ntries near the sea or in those with many rivers._18_And think of people in cold countries.Masses of people love to skate or ski inJapan,NorwayorCanada._19_Chinese boxing,also has a very long history.But basketball and volleyball are rather new,which started in the late of the nineteenth century.Peo

40、ple are inventing new sports or games all the time.Water skiing,as a modern game,is one of the newest in the family of sports.People from different countries or races may not be able to understand each other,but after a game,they get to know each other better and they often become good friends._20_O

41、ne learns to fight hard but fight fair,to win without pride and to lose with grace.A.They can make friends with each other.B.Sports help to train a persons character.C.They buy tickets or turn on the TV to watch the games.D.Chinese people liked doing sports even in ancient times.E.What fun it is to

42、jump into a pool or lake,whether inChina,EgyptorItaly!F.Some sports or games date back thousands of years,like running or jumping.G.Sports are competitive physical activities or games through casual or organized participation.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D

43、四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 It was a hot Saturday at the community center.I sat in the chair,and closely watched my_21_area.Suddenly,a little girl_22_the water slide(水滑道).I noticed her_23_was under the water.Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.The other lifeguards(救生员)congratulated me on my fir

44、st_24_.I thought back to the day I first started working here.Would I have been able to_25_as quickly as I did just now?“Corinne,we need to talk,”my boss said six months ago,with a_26_look on her face.“Youre a nice girl,_27_you need to be more focused on what you are doing and pay attention to your_

45、28_,”she said.Tears forming,I feared I would_29_my job.Then,she said,“Im going to give you another chance.”I sighed with_30_.After that,I realized I wasnt paying attention when I was_31_.That was the turning point not only in my_32_career but my entire life.I began to_33_.When the next training came

46、 I was_34_to find I had been announced“Employee of the Month”._35_this award made me work even harder.Soon after that I was asked to be a head lifeguard,which made me realize that I had not only got out of my_36_habits but I was now trusted to make very important_37_for myself and others as well.I c

47、an announce that I have been_38_all throughout my job experience.The insights(见识)I have gained from my job have_39_so many aspects of my life.The experience has not only made me a better lifeguard but a more_40_person.21.A.play B.reception C.pool D.dining 22.A.flew down B.kept off C.played on D.look

48、ed at 23.A.leg B.head C.parent D.friend 24.A.job B.attempt C.experience D.rescue 25.A.turn B.respond C.lead D.belong 26.A.calm B.serious C.funny D.nervous 27.A.so B.and C.but D.though 28.A.water B.study C.colleague D.research 29.A.find B.lose C.keep D.dislike 30.A.care B.fear C.relief D.pleasure 31.

49、A.on duty B.on average C.on business D.on holiday 32.A.teaching B.swimming C.managing D.lifeguarding 33.A.follow B.relax C.focus D.exercise 34.A.surprised B.upset C.ready D.sure 35.A.Presenting B.Wanting C.Receiving D.Expecting 36.A.bad B.daily C.common D.unusual 37.A.meetings B.comments C.preparati

50、ons D.decisions 38.A.self-centered B.self-balanced C.self-protected D.self-motivated 39.A.avoided B.affected C.formed D.tested 40.A.responsible B.better C.admirable D.available 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Everyone has a story to tell.Join one of the_41._(good)auth