2021届上海田家炳中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析.pdf

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1、2021 届上海田家炳中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Plan Your Visit to the British Museum Weve made a few changes to ensure you can safely enjoy your visit:How to book tickets Tickets for the permanent collection can only be hooked online in

2、 advance.To book tickets for exhibitions,visit our exhibition pages.If you want to guarantee your visit to the permanent collection as well as the exhibition on your visit,you will need to book a separate ticket.We are limiting numbers of people in the museum to ensure there is room for you to safel

3、y enjoy your visit.Everyone,including members and volunteers,will therefore need to book a free,timed ticket in advance.Important information about your ticket booking You can book up to six tickets for people who live in the same family.We will email yourticket to you,and you will need to show it e

4、ither printed out or on your device(设备)when you arrive.Please arrive at the time stated on your ticket-we cannot guarantee admission before or after it.Following the route We have created a new one-way route through the museum which will allow you to safely explore world cultures from the Mediterran

5、ean to the Middle East and from the Americas to Africa.View a map of the route(Open in a new window).Our audio guides(音频指南)are not available.However,youcan pay to download the audio introductions from iTunes(Open in a new window)or Google Play(Open in a new window)to each of the galleries and listen

6、 on your own device.Please remember to bring along your own headphones.1.Why does the museum offer timed tickets?A.To earn more money.B.To hire more volunteers.C.To save room for collections.D.To control the number of visitors.2.How can a visitor learn about the new route in advance?A.View an online

7、 map.B.Buy a new headphone.C.Buy audio guides from the museum.D.Download video introductions from iTunes.3.Where can you probably find the text?A.In a newspaper.B.In a magazine.C.On a website.D.In a report.B If you think youd like to live on Mars,you may have that possibility by 2023.A Dutch company

8、 called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing(开拓)Mars.Ifyou have all the necessary skills,you could be one of the first colonists.Are you ready for the challenge?You wont have to pay for the mission to Mars.Mars One has already received money from some donors and is hoping

9、 to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate for the rare chances.The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm.Scientists know its quite pos

10、sible because something similar has already been done inAntarctica.Another problem is that space travel to Mars takes nearly a year to get to Mars and the colonists will live the rest of their lives there.When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time,the sy

11、stems in the body weaken.Luckily,spinning(旋转)the spaceship can create artificial gravity,and artificial gravity can ease these problems.It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home,living in small spaces,and seeing the same people over and over.Colonists with depression could put

12、 the mission in danger.Fortunately,a few years ago,a joint Russian and European project called the Mars500 Mission studied peoples reactions in a Mars-like environment.It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and physical stresses.Recent studies

13、 show that seven percent of people would want to go on such an adventure.Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists.Are you interested?4.What do we know about the applicants to Mars from the first two paragraphs?A.They will land on Mars in 2023.B.They can get money from donors.C.They wil

14、l compete in a TV show.D.They do not need special skills.5.What will the first colonists do to solve the basic living problems on Mars?A.Create earth-like conditions.B.Build labs inAntarctica.C.Spin the spaceship.D.Start the Mars500Mission.6.What can the life of the first colonists be like according

15、 to the passage?A.Difficult and dangerous.B.Different but adaptable.C.Challenging and unbearable.D.Acceptable but depressing.7.Whats the best title for the text?A.Mars:our final destination?B.Ready to be Mars colonists?C.Space travel:a thrilling adventure?D.Are you a qualified Mars astronaut?C If th

16、ere is no difference in general intelligence between boys and girls,what can explain girls poor performance in science and math?It hasbeen suggested that girls do not take math courses,not because they are difficult,but for social reasons.Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because

17、 they are afraid to appear less feminine(女性的)and attractive(有魅力的).However,there are still more high-achieving boys than girls when taking math exams.This difference appears to be worldwide.Biological explanations have been offered for this,but there are other explanations too.Perhaps the difference

18、which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences.From their first days in kindergarten,boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks.Facts show that outstanding mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who gave answers.Besides,there can b

19、e little doubt that teachers of math and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students.They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls.They spend more time with the boy students,giving them more time to answer questions and working hard

20、er to get correct answers from them.They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion.They also praise boys more frequently.All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and math and to give them confidence that they are able

21、to succeed.Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many math and science courses,nor is it likely to support girls who do.When it comes to these subjects it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls.8.Why does the author raise a question in paragr

22、aph 1?A.To find differences between boys and girls.B.To explain the poor performance of girls.C.To ask readers a question.D.To introduce the topic.9.The text mainly discusses _ reasons for the difference between boys and girls in scientific achievements.A.biological B.personal C.social D.historical

23、10.What does the text say about great mathematicians?A.Their teachers did not offer answers to them.B.They started learning math at an earlier age.C.They showed mathematical abilities in their teenage years.D.Their success resulted from their strong interest in math.11.The author would probably agre

24、e that _.A.boys and girls learn in the same way B.boys and girls are equal in general intelligence C.girls are more confident in themselves than before D.girls should take fewer science courses than boys D Cigarettes arent just harmful when theyre being smoked.Even when cigarette ends go out and are

25、 cold,new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air.In the first 24 hours alone,scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine(尼古丁)that an actively burning cigarette would produce.While most of these chemicals are released within a day of

26、being put out,an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)found the level of nicotine fell by just 50%five days later.“I was ly surprised,”since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST).“The numbers a

27、re significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars.While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand,second-hand and now third-hand smoking,it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”To measure

28、 emissions(排放)from this forgotten thing,Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room.Once the ends weresealed away,the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes,four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or poten

29、tially so.After setting the rooms temperature,the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions.When the air temperature of the room was higher,for instance,they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates.This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtra

30、ys(烟灰缸)out for days at a time,especially in the heat.12.What do the researchers say about cigarette ends?A They contain little nicotine.B.They produce no nicotine five days later.C.They give off nicotine for days.D.They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.13.What do Poppendiecks words sugg

31、est?A.First-hand smoking does most harm.B.The findings are within his expectation.C.Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.D.Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.14.Which word best describes the authors attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days?A.Unclear.B.Disapproving.C.Unconcerned.D.Puz

32、zled.15.What can be the best title for the text?A.Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals B.Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being Smoked C.Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends Harm D.Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the Heat 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳

33、选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 When germs,such as bacteria or viruses,invade the body,they attack and multiply.36 The immune system uses several tools to fight infection（感染）.Blood contains red blood cells,for carrying oxygen to tissues and organs,and white or immune cells,for fighting infection.These white cells co

34、nsist primarily of macrophages（巨噬细胞）,B cells and T cells.Macrophages swallow up and digest germs,plus dead and dying cells.They leave behind parts of the invading germs called antigens（抗原）.37 B cells are defensive white blood cells which produce antibodies.T cells are also defensive white blood cell

35、s.They attack cells in the body that have already been infected.The first time the body comes across a germ,it can take several days to make and use all the germ fighting tools needed to get over the infection.After the infection,the immune system remembers what is learned about how to protect the b

36、ody against that disease.38 They help develop immunity by imitating an infection.This type of infection,however,almost never causes illness,but it does cause the immune system to produce T cells and antibodies.Sometimes,after getting a vaccine（疫苗）,the imitation infection can cause minor symptoms.For

37、 instance,a fever.39 Once the imitation infection goes away,the body is left with a supply of defensive cells that will remember how to find that disease in the future.40 Therefore,itis possible that a person infected with the disease just before or just after vaccination could develop symptoms and

38、get a disease,because the vaccine has not had enough time to provide protection.A.Vaccines basically work the same way.B.This invasion,called an infection,is what causes illness.C.Vaccines prevent diseases that can be dangerous,or even deadly D.Scientists take many different approaches to developing

39、 vaccines.E.The body identifies them as dangers and excites antibodies to attack them.F.Such minor symptoms are normal and should be expected as the body builds immunity.G.However,it typically takes a few weeks for the body to produce those defensive cells after vaccination.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节

40、（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项“My neighbor doesnt speak English，but her kindness needs no translation.”Angie Morris，an 81yearold Canadian woman who grew up in wartime Britain and now lives in Vancouver，British Columbia，was41how her nextdoor neighbor，Ms.Wing，a 68

41、yearold Chinese woman，_42cooks meals for her every day.She called it“the ultimate homedelivery_43”Morriss _44firstperson narrative which was published last week by the Canadian newspaper The Globeand Mail，has gone popular，with _4524，000 online reposts.“I know what is inside the paper carrier bag，”sh

42、e wrote.“A thermos with hot soup and a stainlesssteel _46with a meal of rice，vegetables and either chicken，meat or shrimp，_47with a kind of pancake.This has become an almost daily _48.”Wing started her act of _49when she learned that Morris had to undergo heart surgery.She_50it upon herself to begin

43、 feeding her neighbor，_51the two women have no way of communicating verbally.Wing speaks only Mandarin，and Morriss Mandarin is _52to ni hao(hello)“So here we are，two grandmothers a world away from where we were_53，neither of us able to speak the others language，but communicating one way or another(w

44、ith some help from technology)The _54keeps ringing and there is the _55 brown paper carrier bag，handed _56to me by Wing，”Morris wrote.Readers and netizens around the world have been touched by this _57that crosses national boundaries and focuses on human kindness.“You know that most people in this w

45、orld just want to live a good life，”one reader commented.“I come from old Ireland，so I can tell you a thing _58two about conflict.The point is,most people are very good with big _59and want their children to grow up _60and in places like this country can offer.”21.A.writing B.describing C.retelling

46、D.explaining 22.A.voluntarily B.helpfully C.readily D.pleasantly 23.A.job B.treat C.attention D.service 24.A.amazing B.moving C.exciting D.interesting 25.A.less than B.other than C.more than D.rather than 26.A.container B.steamer C.package D.luggage 27.A.rarely B.meanwhile C.sometimes D.apparently 2

47、8.A.existence B.coincidence C.presence D.occurrence 29.A.generosity B.kindness C.patience D.devotion 30.A.took B.made C.put D.set 31.A.as though B.even though C.now that D.regardless of 32.A.reduced B.admitted C.limited D.applied 33.A.raised B.separated C.located D.sheltered 34.A.telephone B.alarm c

48、lock C.doorbell D.wall clock 35.A.common B.similar C.familiar D.precious 36.A.anxiously B.selflessly C.politely D.smilingly 37.A.relationship B.connection C.cooperation D.fellowship 38.A.and B.but C.with D.or 39.A.heads B.minds C.souls D.hearts 40.A.healthy B.happy C.safe D.wealthy 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1

49、.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Have you ever tasted or perhaps heard of sugar painting?As fewer people choose to make sugar paintings,the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a_41._(distance)memory in some ways.However,a 38-year-old craftsman,Li Jiangzhong,is devoted to_4

50、2._(keep)the art of sugar painting alive.Li worked as a miner for more than ten years.After_43._ mine closed down,Li turned to housing decoration until he_44._(force)to give that up due to a finger injury.Earlier this year,he discovered sugar painting,something he really had an interest_45._.Since t