小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳.pdf

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1、小学英语语法汇总小学英语语法汇总一、时态1一般现在时1 表示经常发生的动作或事情;通常用“usually 通常;often 常常;every每;sometimes 有时;always 总是;”等词.2 基本结构：I/You/We/TheyHe/She/It动词原形dont+动原动词第三人称单数形式doesnt+动原肯定句否定句一般疑问句 Yes/NoDo Yes;I do.Does 动 词 原 形 No;shedoesnt.特殊疑问句What do How does she动词原形3 动词第三人称单数形式同名词单数变成复数方法相同1一般情况2.辅音字母+y 结尾3.结尾是 s;x;sh;ch4

2、.特殊的go-goes2现在进行时;1 表示正在发生的动作;通常用“now 现在;look 看;linsen 听”.2 基本形式：be+动词 ingeg:I amnot doing my homework.You/We/They arenot reading.He/She/It isnot eating.+s去 y+ies+esdo-does如：walk-walksfly-flieswatch-watches;have-has;What are you doingIs he reading3 动词的现在分词形式动词+ing一般情况结尾是不发音的 e重读闭音节+ingwalkwalking-e+

3、ingcomecoming双 写 最 后run-running一 个 字 母swim-swimming+ing3.一般过去时1 表示过去已经发生的事情;通常用“last 上一个;just now 刚才;a moment ago 刚才;yesterday 昨天”等词.2 be 动词的过去式:am/iswas arewere3 过去式基本结构肯定句 Positive 动词过去式否定句 Negative Didnt+动词原形I went shopping last night.I didnt go shopping lastnight.一 般 疑 问 句Did+动词原形Yes/NoDidyougos

4、hoppinglastnight特殊疑问句 wh-Whatdid+动 词 原What did you do last night形4 词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词以不发音的 e 结尾+ed+dplanted;watered;climbedliked辅音字母加 y 结尾-y+iedstudystudied;cry-cried重读闭音节单词;末尾只有一个 双写最后一 stop stopped辅音字母不规则动词的变化：原形sweepkeepsleepfeelreadputcutletflydraw过去式 原形过去式原形havedoeat过去式haddidate原形gofindsaytak

5、emeanmeetmakeseecometell过去式wentfoundsaidtookmeantmetmadesawcametold个字母+ed plan-plannedsweptteachtaughtkeptthinkthoughtboughtsleptbuyfeltreadputcutletflewdrewdrinkdrankgivesinggavesangis/amwasareweredrivedrovespeakspokewritewroteridehearrodeheardbeginbeganringrunsitrangransatlearned/growgrewlearnlear

6、ntgetgotknowknew4一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情.常常与 tomorrow;next Sunday 等时间状语连用.结构：be going to+动词原形或 will+动词原形例如：Im going to visit my grandpa next week.二、人称代词主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusouryouyourhimhisherherititsthemtheir形容词性物主代 my词名词性物主代词 mineoursyourshishersitstheris注：介词;动词后面跟宾格.后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词.三、可数名词

7、的复数形式1.一般名词：+s a book books2.辅音字母加 y 结尾：-y+ies a storystories3.以 s;x;sh;ch;结尾：+es a glassglasses；a watch-watches4.以 f 或 fe 结尾：-f 或 fe 变为 ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves5.特殊的名词复数man-men;woman-women;policeman-policemen;policewoman-policewomen;mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet;.tooth-teethfish-fish;

8、people-people;Chinese-Chinese;Japanese-Japanese四、不可数名词没有复数形式bread;rice;water;juice;milk;tea;coffee五、缩略形式Im=I am youre=you are shes=she is hes=he is/he hasgotits=it is whos=who is cant=can not isnt=is not didnt=did notwerent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let us Ill=I will六、a.an.the 的用法1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a

9、book;a peach;a“U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg;an hour;an“F”2.the 要注意的：球类前面不加 the;乐器前面要加 the;序数词前面要加 the.七、介词1表示方位：on;in;in front of;between;next to;near;beside;at;behind.;under2表示时间：1at:几点前面用 at 如：at six oclock;没有 day 的节日前用 at 如：at Christmas;固定词组 at the weekends;at night2on:星期前用 on 如：on Monday;日期前用 on 如：on

10、the 15th of July 带有 Day 的节日前用 on 如：on National Day3in:早晨;中午;晚上前用 in：in the morning;in the afternoon;in the evening;月份前用 in;如 in December;季节前用 in;如 winter八、基数词变成序数词的方法1.直接在基数词词尾加上 th.如：seventh 第七;tenth 第十;thirteenth 第十三;2.以 y结尾的基数词;变 y 为 i;再加上 eth.如：twentieth 第二十.3.不规则的.如：first 第一;second 第二;third 第三;

11、fifth 第五;eighth 第八;ninth第九;twelfth 第十二.4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如 twenty-first 第二十一.九、some/any 的用法1.肯定句中用 some：I have some toys in my bedroom.2.问句和否定句中用 ang：Do you have any brothers or sistersHe hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case.3.询问想要什么时用 some：Would you like some juiceCan I have some stamps十、

12、there be 结构1.肯定句有：There is+单数或不可数名词There are+复数注：遵循就近原则;看靠 there be 最近的2.一般疑问句有吗:Is there Yes;there is./No;there isnt.Are there Yes;there are./No;there arent.3.否定句没有：There isnt.There arent.4.there be 句型与 havehas 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物或人；havehas 表示某人拥有某物.十一、祈使句Sit down pleaseDont sit down;please.Lets

13、go to the park.注：祈使句中动词用原形十二、情态动词 can;may;must;should;will 后面直接用动词原形.1.I/He/She/They can sing.May I come in I must go now.2.You should be quiet in the library.3.Youll be good friends.十三、形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级;比较级后面一般带有单词than.比较级前面可以用more;alittle 来修饰表示程度.2形容词加 er 的规则：一般在词尾加 er；以字母 e 结尾;加

14、r；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾;应双写末尾的辅音字母;再加 er；以“辅音字母+y”结尾;先把 y 变 i;再加 er.3不规则形容词比较级：good-better;beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别 有 be 用形;有形用 be；有动用副;有副用动在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或 be 动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 不规则变化：well-better;far-farther十四、特殊疑问句WhatWhat are you doingIm reading.Its a book

15、.问什么事;什么物What is that或什么工作hat is she Whats her jobShes a nurse.What colour 问颜What colour is your coatIts red.色What time 时间What time is itWhats the timewhen什么时候When do you get upWhen is your birthdayI get up at six thirty.Its on the 21st ofDecember.Which 哪一个Which is your watch;theThe yellow is mine.y

16、ellow one or the white oneWho 谁Who is the man with a big Hes my uncle.noseWhose 谁的Whose bag is itIts his bag.Its seven.Whose is this bagWhere 哪里Why 为什么Where is my ball penWhy do you like summerIts under the book.IlikesummerbecauseHow many 多少How many books are there in There are four books inthe scho

17、ol bagHow old 几岁the school bag.How old is the young manHes nineteen.How much 多少钱 How much is the toy bearIts eleven yuan.How 怎么样HowdoyougotoschoolI go to school by car.everyday一、名词复数的规则变化名词复数的规则变化构 成 法A.在一般情况下;词尾加-s例词book books bed-bedsbus buses box-boxesB.以 s;x;ch;sh 结尾的词;词尾加dishdisheswatch-eswatch

18、esC.以f 或fe 结尾的词;先将f 或knife-knivesfe 改成 v;再加-eswife-wivesD.以 o 结尾的单词;有生命的物质tomato-tomatoes加-es;无生命的物质加-sphoto-photosE.以辅音字母加 y 结尾;先 y 将改family familiescity-i;再加上-es二、现在进行时构成cities现在进行时构成 ing 形式构 成 法例词work workingstudy-A.一般加-ingstudyinglive livingwrite-B.以 e 结尾的词去 e 后加-ingwritingC.动词为单音节：以单一元音字母stop-s

19、topping+单一辅音字母结尾;辅音字母双 run-running写;再加 ing；动词为双音节或者多swim-swimming音节：最后一个音节为重读音节;begin-beginning以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾;辅音字母双写;再加 ing三、一般现在时一般现在时单三形式构 成 法A.一般动词在词尾加-s例词help helps make-makesB.以 s;x;ch;sh;结尾的动词在fix fixes teach teaches词尾加-eswash-washesC.以 o 结尾的动词在词尾加-esgo goes do-doesfly-fliesD.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词;

20、study studiescarry-先 y 变为 i;再加-escarriesE.不规则变化四、一般过去时have-has一般过去时-ed 形式构 成 法例词cook-cookedA.一般动词在词尾加-edplay-playedB.以 e 结尾的动词在词尾加-dlive-livedC.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词;先fly-fliedy 变为 i;再加-edstudy-studiedD.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读 stop-stopped闭音节词;双写该辅音字母加-edplan-plannedswim-swamE.不规则变化have-hadam-wasF.be 动词变化is-wasare-w

21、ere五、形容词比较级形容词比较级 er 形式构 成 法A.一般直接加-erB.如果以-e 结尾;直接加-rC.闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音big-bigger字母须双写这个字母;再加-erD.以辅音字母加-y 结尾的词;变 yheavy-heavier为 i;再加-er例词long-longernice-nicer小学阶段没有强调比较级的不规则变化PEP 教材四会句型汇总一、一般疑问句1.-Did you read books你读书了吗-Yes;I did.是的;我读过了./No;I didnt.不;我没有读过.2.-Is she quiet她文静吗-No;she isnt.Shes very

22、 active.不;她不.她很活跃.-Is she strict她严格吗-Yes;she is;but shes very kind.是的;她是;但是她很和蔼.3.-Is this a teachers desk这是一张讲台桌吗/Is it cold冷吗/Is her birthdayin June她的生日在六月吗/Is this your T-shirt这是你的 T 恤衫吗-Yes;it is.是的./No;it isnt.No;its not.不;不是的.4.-Can you make the bed你会铺床吗/Can you use a computer你会使用电脑吗-Yes;I can

23、.是的;我会./No;I cant.不;我不会.5.-Are they ducks它们是鸭子吗/Are they eating the honey它们吃蜂蜜吗-Yes;they are.是的;它们是./No;they arent.不;它们不是.6.-Is there a forest in the park公园里有一个森林吗/Is there a river那里有条河吗-Yes;there is.是的;那里有./No;there arent.不;那里没有.7.-Are there any pandas in the mountains 山里有一些熊猫吗/Are there any fishin

24、 the rivers河里有一些鱼吗-Yes;there are.是的;那里有./No;there arent.不;那里没有.8.-Are you eating lunch你们正在吃午餐吗-Yes;I am.Yes;we are.是的;我正在吃.是的;我们正在吃./No;I am not.No;wearent.不;我没有在吃.不;我们没有在吃.9.-Is he playing chess他正在下棋吗-Yes;he is.是的;他是./No;he isnt.不;他没有.10.-Is she counting insects她正在数昆虫吗-Yes;she is.是的;她是./No;she isnt

25、.不;她没有.11.-Does she/he teach English她他教英语吗-Yes;she/he does.是的;她他是./No;she/he doesnt.不;她他不是.二、谈论时间1.-What time is it几点钟-Its two oclock.两点钟./Its 9:45.Its time for math class.九点四十五.是上数学课的时间了.2.-What day is it today今天星期几-Its Wednesday.星期三.3.-When do you eat dinner你几点吃晚餐-I eat dinner at 7:00 in the eveni

26、ng.我晚上 7 点钟吃晚餐.4.-When do you get up你几点起床-I usually get up at 12:00 noon.我一般中午 12 点钟起床.5.-When is your birthday你的生日是什么时候-Its in May.在五月./My birthday is in June.我的生日在六月./Uncle Billsbirthday is in June;too.比尔叔叔的生日也在六月.6.-Whats the date几月几日-June 9th.六月九日.三、谈论颜色1.-What colour is it什么颜色-Its white.白色.四、谈论

27、地点1.-Where are you going this afternoon下午你打算去哪-Im going to the bookstore.我打算去书店.2.-Where did you go on your holiday假期你去了哪-I went to Xinjiang.我去了新疆.3.-Where does she work她在哪工作-She works in a hospital.她在医院工作.4.-Where does the rain come from雨从哪来-It comes from the clouds.它从云里来.5.-Where is the cinema;ple

28、ase请问电影院在哪-Its next to the hospital.在医院旁边./Turn left at the cinema;then go straight.Its on the left.在电影那左转;然后直走.它在你的左边.6.There are two bedrooms;a kitchen;a bathroom and a living room.那有两个卧室;一个厨房;一个卫生间和一个客厅.There is a mirror;a bed and a big closet.那有一面镜子;一张床和一个大衣柜.The closet is near the table.衣柜在桌子的附

29、近.Many clothes are in the closet.很多的衣服在衣柜里.The trash bin is behind the door.垃圾桶在门后.五、谈论价格1.-How much is it这个多少钱-Its ten yuan.十元.2.-How much are they它们多少钱-Theyre three yuan.它们三元.六、谈论数量1.-How many horses are there那有多少匹马-Twelve.十二匹.七、谈论人物1.-Whos your English teacher你的英语老师是谁-Mr Carter.卡特先生.2.-Whats he l

30、ike他长什么样-Hes tall and strong.他又高又强壮.3.How old are you你几岁八、谈论喜好1.-Whats your favourite fruit你最喜欢的水果是什么-I like apples.Theyre sweet.我喜欢苹果.它们很甜./I like fruit.But I dontlike grapes.Theyre sour.我喜欢水果.但我不喜欢葡萄.它们很酸.2.-Which season do you like best你最喜欢哪个季节-I like winter best.我最喜欢冬天./Summer is good;but fall i

31、s my favouriteseason.夏天很好;但秋天是我最喜欢的季节.3.-Why do you like summer你为什么喜欢夏天-Because I can swim in the lake.因为我可以在湖里游泳.-Why do you like winter你为什么喜欢冬天-Because I can sleep a long time.因为我可以睡很长的时间.4.-Whats your hobby你的爱好是什么-I like collecting stamps.我喜欢收集邮票./He likes collecting stamps;too.他也喜欢收集邮票.九、谈论事情1.T

32、his is my computer.这是我的电脑.That is your computer.那是你的电脑.2.Lets play football.让我们踢足球吧.3.This is Zhang Peng.这是张鹏.4.-What did you do last weekend你上个周末做了什么-I played football.我踢了足球.5.-What are you going to buy你打算去买什么-I am going to buy a comic book.我打算去买一本漫画书.6.-What are you going to do on the weekend周末你打算

33、去做什么-Im going to visit my grandparents this weekend.这个周末我打算去拜访我的祖父母.7.-What are they doing他们在做什么-Theyre swimming.他们在游泳./They are climbing trees.他们在爬树.8.-What is it doing它在做什么-Its eating bananas.它正在吃香蕉.9.-What is she doing她在做什么-Shes jumping.她在跳.10.-What are you doing你正在做什么-Im doing the dishes.我正在洗碗./

34、Im reading a book.我正在读书.11.Grandpa is writing a letter.爷爷正在写信.Brother is doing homework.兄弟正在做作业.Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.妈妈正厨房里烧饭.Hes writing an e-mail in the study.他正在书房里写一封电子邮件.12.-What do you do on the weekend你周末做什么-Usually I watch TV and go shopping.一般我看电视和去购物./Sometimes I visitmy gr

35、andparents.有时候我去拜访我的祖父母./I often play football.我经常去踢足球./Sometimes I go hiking.有时候我去远足.13.-What do you have on Thursdays星期四你们有什么课-We have English;math and science on Thursdays.星期四我们有英语;数学和科学课.14.-What do you do on Saturdays星期六你做什么-I watch TV on Saturdays.星期六我看电视.15.-What about you你呢-I do my homework;

36、too.我也做我的家庭作业.16.-What do you have for lunch on Mondays星期一你中餐吃什么-We have tomatoes;tofu and fish.我们吃西红柿;豆腐和鱼.17.-What can you do你能做什么-I can sweep the floor.我会扫地./I can cook the meals.我会做饭./I can waterthe flowers.我会浇花.十、谈论方式1.-How do you go to school;Sarah萨拉;你怎么去学校-Usually I go to school on foot.一般我走路

37、去学校./Sometimes I go by bike.有时候我骑自行车.2.-How can I get to Zhongshan Park我怎么去中山公园-You can go by the No.15 bus.你可以坐 15 路公共汽车.3.-How did you go there你怎么去那-I went by train.我坐火车去.4.-How do you do that你怎么做那件事-First;I.Then I.首先;我.然后我.5.What should you do then然后你怎么做6.-How does she go to work她怎么去工作-She goes t

38、o work by bus.她坐公共汽车去工作.十一、谈论心情;身体状况1.How are you;Liu Yun刘云;你怎么样 You look so happy.你看起来很开心.2.How are you;Sarah萨拉;你怎么样 You look sad today.今天你看起来很伤心.3.-Whats the matter怎么了-My throat is sore.My nose hurts.我的喉咙痛.我的鼻子痛.十二、谈论体重、身高1.-How heavy are you你多少重-Im 48 kg.我 48 公斤.-Im thinner than you;and shorter.我比你瘦和矮.2.-How tall are you你多高 -Im 164 cm tall.我 164 厘米高.-Youre shorter than me.你比我矮./Youre 4 cm taller than me.你比我高四厘米.十三、谈论职业1.-What does your mother do你妈妈做什么的-She is a TV reporter.她是一个电视台记者.十四、谈论天气1.Its warm today.今天很暖和.2.Its cool.今天很凉爽.