2019高考英语昆明二轮练习资料_阅读理解03含解析.pdf

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1、2019 高考英语二轮练习资料：阅读理解 03 含解析 2018 高考英语市二轮复习资料：阅读理解 03 含答案 (三)A(2017全国卷，A)Since 1984，Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act.One by one，graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art.So far，more than 1,800 murals(壁画)have been painted.Philadelphia now has more murals than any other America

2、n city.The walls that were once ugly with graffiti(涂鸦)are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art,thanks to the Mural Arts Program(MAP).Its work makes schools and public places attractive,and its citizens very proud.The program began as part of Philadelphias AntiGraff

3、iti Network.Jane Golden is the MAPs artistic director.“When people ask me what our program is about,”she says，“I answer them with one word:hope.”Each year,the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops.Some one-time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.The MAPs work,says Golden,is all about

4、developing a sense of community(社区).When a neighborhood requests a mural，the MAP works with the people there to develop a message.Some messages have been“Safe Streets，”“Love and Care,”and“Peace Walk.”The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week.Last year，the workers painted 140 murals.“Th

5、e making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary，pleasant moment in neighborhood history，”says Golden，who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.本文论述了费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。1.What can be the best title for the text?A.Love，from Graffiti Writers to Muralist

6、s B.MAP,a New Company in Philadelphia C.Jane，an Excellent Mural Artist D.Hope，One Wall at a Time 答案：D。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍费城通过 MAP 这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。2.What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?A.Helping the young find jobs.B.Protecting the neighborhood.C.Fighting against

7、 graffiti.D.Attracting more visitors.答案：C。细节理解题。由第二段的“the program began as part of philadelphias Anti-Graffiti Network.”可知 C 项正确。3.How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?A.By having discussions with people in the community.B.By seeking advice from the city government.C.By learning from t

8、he young graffiti writers.D.By studying the history of the city.答案：A。细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知答案为 A 项。4Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?A.Difficult.B.Dangerous.C.Experimental.D.Successful.答案：D。推理判断题。由文章第四段可知 the MAP 每周会收到很多的邀请，每年会画很多的壁画，故可推出工作很成功，答案为 D 项。B(2017卷，B)Howling is a b

9、ehaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack.As pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other.There are different explanations of a wolfs howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.One theory is that wolves howl to b

10、ond better together.Its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together.But this theory may be wrong，explains Fred HHarrington，a professor who studies wolf behaviour.Indeed，ther

11、e have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus，and the next，quarreling among each other.It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be“punished”for joining in the chorus at times.So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a wa

12、y to reconfirm status among its members?Why do wolves howl for sure?What is clear，however，is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other.Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times.When this happens，howling appears to be an excell

13、ent means of gathering.Howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour.When one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow.This is often seen to occur in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of“roll call”where wolves all howl together to report their presence.动物的嚎叫有其目的性，而人的对唱也是为了呼唤同

14、伴，所以人们认为两者在这一方面是相同的；但专家似乎发现，狼的嚎叫不仅仅是为了呼朋引伴，因为有时也会争斗，因此，研究之后，专家发现：狼的嚎叫可能是个传染形式的行为，有时也是为了呼唤同伴。5What is the possible similarity between wolves howling together and humans singing in chorus?AThe act of calling each other.BThe sense of accomplishment.CThe act of hunting for something.DThe sense of belong

15、ing to a group.答案：D。细节判断题。从第二段的信息词“bond better together”以及“help the pack stay together”等可以确定两者的共同点与选项 D 的说法是一致的。6Why does Harrington think the“social bond”theory may be wrong?AWolves separate from each other after howling.BWolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.CWolves sometimes have quarrels

16、after howling together.DWolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.答案：C。细节判断题。根据第三段中提到的“and the next,quarrelling among each other”以及“it appears that.be punished for joining.”都可以说明选项 C 的说法是符合原文之意的。7Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to_.Ashow their ranks Bfind their companions C

17、report the missing ones Dexpress their loneliness 答案：B。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中的第一句话的信息词“locate each other”以及最后一句中的“appears to be an excellent means of gathering”都可以明确：狼的嚎叫正是为了找伴儿，应选项 B 的说法是最符合原文的。8“Howling.is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_.Ahowling is a signal for hunting Bhowling is a

18、way of communication Chowling often occurs in the morning Dhowling spreads from one to another 答案：D。句意理解题。从最后一段中的第二句话中可以找到 contagious 一词的理解：一个随着一个的去做事情，如同选项 D 所说的那样。C(2017卷，C)According to the US government,wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year.Unfortu

19、nately，the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills(see picture)to touch bottom.An experiment under way off the coast of Norway，however，could help put them anywhere.The project,called Hywind，is the worlds first large-scale deepwater wind turbine(涡轮发电机)Although it uses a fairly stan

20、dard 152-ton,2.3-megawatt turbine，Hywind represents totally new technology.The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture)，a technology Hywinds creator，the Norwegian company StatoilHydro，has developed recently.The steel spar,which is filled with stones and goes 328

21、 feet below the sea surface,will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables(缆索)；these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves.Hywinds stability(稳定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind po

22、wer.If all goes according to plan,the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.To produce electricity on a large scale,a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does,but its difficult enough to balance suc

23、h a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean.To make that turbine heavier,the whole spars centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the oceans surface.To do that,the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine,one whose gearbox(变速箱)sits at sea level rather than

24、 behind the blades(see picture)Hywind is a test run,but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremely large.Out at sea,the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore,where all existing off shore windmills are planted.Deep-sea farms are invisible from land,

25、which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore objection.If the technology catches on,it will open up vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.本文为科普短文，讲述世界上第一个深海风力发电机涡轮发电机以及它的发电原理及好处。9The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability

26、of_.A.the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor B.the spar which is floating in deep-sea water C.the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind D.the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface 答案：B。细节理解题。由文章第二段特别是“these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up an

27、d down in the waves”可知 B 项正确。10To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar,a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting_.A.on the sea floor B.on the spar top C.at sea level D.behind the blades 答案：C。细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一句“.one whose gearbox sits at sea level rather than behind t

28、he blades.”可知 C 项正确。11Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can_.A.solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills B.make financial profits by producing more turbines C.settle the arguments about environmental problems D.explore low-carbon power resources available at sea 答案：D。细节理

29、解题。由文章最后一句“.it will open up vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.”可知 D 项正确。D(2017天津卷，C)An idea that started in Seattles public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple：help to build a sense of community in a city by get

30、ting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit(追求)to be enjoyed by all，the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus，as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came

31、from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched(发起)the“If All of Seattle Read the Same Book”project in 1998.Her original program used author visits,study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book,but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities，and even to H

32、ong Kong.In Chicago，the mayor(市长)appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the“One Book，One Chicago”program.As a result，reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US,stories emerged of parents and children reading to e

33、ach other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.The only problem arose in New York，where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns,where a gre

34、ater sense of unity(一致)can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point，putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately，as Nancy points out,the level of success is not measured by how many people read

35、a book，but by how many people are enriched by the process，or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared_a_word.西雅图的一名图书管理员建议大家在同一时间阅读同一本书，并允许陌生人在公共场所对这本书进行讨论，这样做既可以促进陌生人之间的交流，又能培养公众的社区意识。然而，在像纽约等一些大城市，由于人口背景复杂，很难选出一本具有代表性的书，或许这一想法在一些中等城市更容易实施。12What is the purpos

36、e of the project launched by Nancy?ATo invite authors to guide readers.BTo encourage people to read and share.CTo involve people in community service.DTo promote the friendship between cities.答案：B。细节理解题。由第二段“Her original program used author visits，study guides and book discussion groups to bring peo

37、ple together with a book”可以推知正确答案。13Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?AThey had little interest in reading.BThey were too busy to read a book.CThey came from many different backgrounds.DThey lacked support from the local government.答案：C。细节理解题。由第四段第一句话可知，纽约城市大，人口众多且文化背景多样化

38、，因此人们很难选出一本有代表性的书。14According to the passage，where would the project be more easily carried out?AIn large communities with little sense of unity.BIn large cities where libraries are far from home.CIn medium-sized cities with a diverse population.DIn large towns where agreement can be quickly reached

39、.答案：D。细节理解题。由第四段第二句话可知，这一想法在中等城市或大的城镇较容易实施，因为在那儿人们很容易达成一致。C 项为人口多样化的中等城市，与句意不符。15The underlined words“shared a word”in Paragraph 5 probably mean_.Aexchanged ideas with each other Bdiscussed the meaning of a word Cgained life experience Dused the same language 答案：A。词义猜测题。由第二段容可知，该活动的目的就是让陌生人通过讨论这本书而达

40、到交流的目的，故 A 项正确。16According to Nancy，the degree of success of the project is judged by_.Athe careful selection of a proper book Bthe growing popularity of the writers Cthe number of people who benefit from reading Dthe number of books that each person reads 答案：C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“.the level of success is

41、not measured by how many peope read the book，but by how many people are enriched by the process.”可知 C 项正确。E(2017卷，D)The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States.It is a network of offices，some of which provide food

42、and houses for the homeless population，and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home.According to the Coalitions studies，of over two hundred million people living in the United States，up to three million are homelessand the number is

43、 still growing.Since the late 1970s，fast-rising house prices，large cuts in government supported housing programs，and economic recession(经济衰退)have made it impossible for many Americans to meet housing costs.Sadly，this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave their homes and/or unable

44、 to find new affordable homes.According to another research，families with children appear to be the fastest-growing part of the homeless population，making up 39%of it.The old idea of a homeless person，that of the single man who gets drunk all the time，is no longer true.A much larger part of the popu

45、lation now finds itself homeless.Even worse，once a person becomes homeless，he often finds it impossible to find a job，since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job application.本文记叙了无家可归者联盟试图帮助解决无家可归人的需要。为他们提供食物和房屋，为他们的权力而战。从二十世纪七十年代以来，由于房价上升，政府支持减少，

46、经济衰退，使无家可归者越来越多，更糟的是，他们找不到工作。17The underlined word“address”in the first line probably means“_”Atalk about Bdeal with Cfight for Dwrite to 答案：B。词义猜测题。从下文可知，该联盟提供给无家者食物，房子，即说明该联盟在努力满足和解决无家者的需求。故 B 项正确。18How many people are homeless in the US.according to the Coalition studies?A39%of the population.B20

47、0 million people.CAbout 3 million people.DAbout one-fifth of the population.答案：C。细节理解题。根据短文第三句话可知，美国有两亿人口，其中有多达三百万人无家可归，且这个数还在上升。19Homeless people often have difficulty finding a job because_.Athey have no home addresses Bthey mostly have a drinking problem Cthey arent supported by government progra

48、ms Dthey often dont have enough work experience 答案：A。细节理解题。根据短文最后一句可知，因为大多数雇主要求找工作的人在申请表上填上家庭住址，所以无家可归者发现他们不可能找到工作。20What is the main cause of the rising number of the homeless in the US.?AThe passing of new housing laws.BThe fast growth of family size.CThe slow construction of houses.DThe ever-risi

49、ng price of housing.答案：D。细节理解题。根据第四句话可知，从 20 世纪70 年代，房价快速增长，使许多美国人不可能满足住房费用，从而使更多的人无家可归。*结束 *结束 C82018全国卷 B You may think that sailing is a difficult sport,but it is really not hard to learn it.You do not need to be strong.But you need to be quick.And you need to understand a few basic rules about t

50、he wind.First,you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind coming from?Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？”You must think about this all the time on the boat.The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from behind.This means the wind and the boa