高中英语阅读理解(附答案、解析、翻译)[1].pdf

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1、.Passage 1 There are stories about two U S.presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren ，which attempt to explain the American English term OK We dontknow if either story is true，but they are both interesting The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little educati

2、on In fact，he had difficulty reading and writing When important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said If he approved of a paper he would write“all correct”on it The problem was that he didn tknow how to spell So what he really wrote was“ol ko

3、rekt”After a while，he shortened that term to“OK”The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York Van Bnren s friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was cal

4、led“OK”31 The author A.believes both of the stories B doesntbelieve a word of the stories Cis not sure whether the stories are true D.is telling the stories just for fun 32.According to the passage，President Jackson A couldn tdraw up any documents at all B.didn t like to read important papers by him

5、self C often had his assistants sign documents for him D.wasn tgood at reading，writing or spelling 33According to the first story,the term“OK”A.was approved of by President Jackson Bwas the title of some Official documents C was first used by President Jackson D was an old way to spell“all correct 3

6、4.According to the second story，the termOK”A was the short way to say old Kinderhook Club”Bmeant the place where President Van Buren was born C was the name of Van Buren s club D was used to call Van Burens supporters in the election 35 According to the second story the term“OK”was first used _ A by

7、 Van Buren B in a presidential election Cto organize the Old Kinderhook Club D by the members of the Old Kinderhook Club ”Passage 2 Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs，its people are by now almost entirely an urban soci

8、ety Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业)，and most of the rest live in or around towns，small and large Here the traditional picture is changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted v

9、iew of the country，but most Americans do not live in small towns any more Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each a larger proportion than in Germany or England ，let alone France The statistics(统计)of urban and

10、 rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day As the rush to live out of town continues rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at what

11、 moment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical ;.American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment 36 If now America has 250 million people how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry?A About 25 million B More than 25 million CLess than 25

12、million D.Less than 225 million 37 Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas?A United States B Germany C France D England 38 What s the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage?A.Of a large city with its suburbs B Of

13、 small and large towns COf urban areas D Of rural areas 39 According to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the United States?A Most small towns become gradually crowded B Small towns are still similar to each other C As the traditional picture is changing，towns are different D.Small

14、towns are turning into large cities 40 Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?A Because they are the same B Because the rush takes place too quickly C Because the process is gradual D Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan areas Passage 3 If we were asked exactl

15、y what we were doing a year ago ，we should probably have to say that we could not remember But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question.It is the same in history Many things have been forgotten because we do no

16、t have any written account of them Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to Write For example，we k

17、now a good deal about the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago,because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa because they had not learned to write Sometimesof course，ev

18、en if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations For most people are proud to tell wh

19、at their fathers did in the past This we may call remembered history Some of it has now been written down.It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing But where there are no wr

20、itten records，such spoken stories are often very helpful 41.Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?A“Remembered history”，compared with written history ，is less reliable B Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history ;.C A written

21、 account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions D Where there are no written records there is no history 42 We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because _ A there was nothing worth being written down at that time B.the people there ignored the impo

22、rtance of keeping a record C the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire D the people there did not know how to write 43“Remembered history”refers to _ A history based on a persons imagination B.stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth C.songs and dances about the mos

23、t important events D.both B and C 44“Remembered history”is regarded as valuable only when _.A.it is written down B.no written account is available C it proves to be time D people are interested in it 45.The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the an

24、cient people had _ A kept a written record of every past event B.not burnt their written records in wars Ctold exact stories of the most important happenings D made more songs and dances Passage4 When Mrs Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna，Austria，people asked the obvious，“Why did she live to be

25、 107?”Answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100Somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities In spite of the city s image as an unhealthy place，city living often provides benefits that coun

26、try living can lack One factor seems to be important to the longevity(长寿)of those interviewed This factor is exercise in the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus Even taking public transportation often requires some walking Smaller apartment houses have no elevato

27、rs(电 梯)，and so people must climb stairs City people can usually walk to local supermarkets Since parking spaces are hard to find，there is often no alternative to walking On the other hand，those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day In fact，the opposite is often true To go

28、 to school，work，or almost anywhere else，they must ride in cars 31 The Vienna survey may help to explain _ A the complaints of people in apartment houses B the cause of Mrs Groeger s death C the longevity of people like Mrs Groeger D.the image of cities in general 32 The purpose of the second paragra

29、ph is to list some _ A benefits of walking B occasions for walking in city life C.comments made by city people D problems of city living 33 To reach the third floor of a building it would probably be most healthful _ A.to take the elevator B to walk up the stairs Cto ride in a car D to find an alter

30、native ;.to walking 34 People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because _ A they dontlive near business areas B.they don t need the exercise C they never have parking problems D they can t afford to take the bus 35 A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that

31、_ A air pollution is not serious B anyone can live to be 107 C country people should move to the city D walking is a healthful exercise Passage 5 For any Englishman，there can never be any discussion as to who is the world s greatest dramatist(剧作 家)Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him：tha

32、t of William Shakespeare Every Englishman has some knowledge，however slight，of the work of our greatest writer All of US use words，phrases and quotations from Shakespeares writings that have become part of the common property of the English-speaking people Most of the time we are probably unaware of

33、 the source of the words we used，rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that it was full of well known proverbs and quotations Shakespeare，more perhaps than any other writer，makes full use of the great resources of the English language Most of US use abo

34、ut five thousand words in our normal use of English；Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it Such a study is w

35、ell worth the effort(it is not，of course，recommended to beginners)even though some aspects of English usage，and the meaning of many words，have changed since Shakespeares day 36.English people _ A have never discussed who is the world s greatest dramatist B never discuss any issue concerning the worl

36、d s greatest dramatist C are sure who is the world s greatest dramatist D do not care who is the world s greatest poet and dramatist 37 Every Englishman knows _ A more or less about Shakespeare B Shakespeare，but only slightly C all Shakespeares writings D only the name of the greatest English writer

37、 38 Which of the following is true?A We use all the words，phrases and quotations from ShakespeareS writings B Shakespeares writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English C It is likely to be true that people often do not know the origins of the words they use D All the

38、words people use are taken from the writings of Shakespeare 39 What does the word“proverb”mean?A Familiar sayings B Shakespeares plays CComplaints DActors and actresses 40 Why is it worthwhile to study the various ways in which Shakespeare used English?A English words have changed a lot since Shakes

39、peareS time B By doing SO one can be fully aware of the richness of the English language ;.C.English words are now being used in the same way as in Shakespeare s time D.Beginners may have difficulty learning some aspects of English usage Passage 6 Trees are useful to man in three very important ways

40、 ：they provide him wood and other products ；they give him shade；and they help to prevent drought(干旱)and floods Unfortunately，in many parts of the world，man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees，he has cut them dow

41、n in large numbers Two thousand years ago，a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships，with which to gain itself an empire It gained the empire but ，without its trees，its soil became bare and poor When the empire fell to pieces，the country found itself faced by floods and starvat

42、ion Even where a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees，it is difficult sometimes to make the people realize this They cut down the trees but are too careless to plant and look after new trees So，unless the government has a good system of control，or can educate the people，

43、the forests slowly disappear This does not only mean that there will be fewer trees The results are even more serious：for where there are trees，their roots break the soil up ，allowing the rain to sink in，and also bind the soil This prevents the soil from being washed away But where there are no tree

44、s，the rainfalls on hard ground and flows away on the surface，and this causes floods and the rain carries away the rich topsoil in which crops grow When a11 the topsoil is gone nothing remains but worthless desert 41 Trees are useful to man mainly in three ways，the most important of which is that the

45、y can _ A.keep him from the hot sunshine B enable him to build warships C make him draw quick profit from them D.protect him from droughts and floods 42 It s a great pity that _ A man is only interested in building empires B man is eager to profit from trees C man hasntrealized the importance of tre

46、es to him D.man hasn t found out that he has lost all trees 43 Sooner or later the forests will disappear _ A.unless a country has a plenty supply of trees B unless people stop cutting down their trees C unless aIl people are taught the importance of planting trees D unless the government punishes t

47、hose who cut trees instead of planting them 44 The word“bind”in Paragraph 5 means“_”A to wash away B to make wet C to make stay together D to improve 45.When there is a heavy rain trees can help to prevent floods as they can.A keep rain from falling down to soft ground B，cause the soil to allow rain

48、water to sink in C prevent the soil from being washed away D.make the topsoil stick together Passage 7 Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in existence They show that he was learning Latin，was very interested in the basics of good behavior in society，and was reading

49、 English literature At school he seems only to have been interested in mathematics In fact，his formal education was ;.surprisingly brief for a gentleman，and incomplete For unlike other young Virginian of that day，he did not go to the College of William and Mary in the Virginian capital of Williamsbu

50、rg In terms of formal training then，Washington contrasts sharply with some other early American Presidents such as John Adams，Thomas Jefferson and James MadisonIn later years，Washington probably regretted his lack of intellectual training He never felt comfortable in a debate in Congress(国会)，or on a