《新编简明英语语言学教程》1-6章复习练习题及答案.pdf

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1、 1 EX for English Linguistics(chapter16)Chapter I Introduction I.Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:1.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use,it is said to be d .2.Chomsky defines“c ”as the ideal users knowledge

2、 of the rules of his language.3.L refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.4 D is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that lang

3、uage consists of two levels:a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.5.Language is a system of a vocal symbols used for human communication.6.S is the study of language in relation to society.7.The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation

4、 of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s .8.Human capacity for language has a g basis,but the details of language have to be taught and learned.9.P refers to the realization of langue in actual use.10.Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some

5、practical problems.The study of such applications is generally known as a linguistics.11.Language is p_ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.In other words,they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have nev

6、er heard before.12.Linguistics is generally defined as the s study of language.13.To help define and maintain interpersonal relations is the s function of language.14.According to M.A.K.Halliday,the i function is to organize the speaker or writers experience of real or imaginary world.2 15.The t fun

7、ction is to organize written or spoken texts in such a manner that they are coherent within themselves and fit the particular situation in which they are used.II.There are four choices following each statement.Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.1.The description of a language in a

8、fixed instant is a _ study.A.synchronic B.diachronic C.prescriptive D.systematic 2.The application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning is called _.A.sociolinguistics B.Psycholinguistics C.computational linguistics D.Applied Linguistics 3.If a linguistic study des

9、cribes and analyzes the language people actually use,it is said to be _.A.prescriptive B.analytic C.descriptive D.linguistic 4.Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A.Arbitrariness B.Displacement C.Duality D.Meaningfulness 5.Modern linguistics regards the written language

10、as _.A.primary B.correct C.secondary D.stable 6.In modern linguistics,speech is regarded as more basic than writing,because _.A.in linguistic evolution,speech is prior to writing B.speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.C.speech is always the way in w

11、hich every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D.All of the above 7.Many modern linguists have criticized traditional grammarians for adopting a _ approach to language study.A.synchronic B.pragmatic C.prescriptive D.descriptive 8.A historical study of language is a _ study of language.3 A.sync

12、hronic B.diachronic C.prescriptive D.comparative 9.According to F.de Saussure,_ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A.parole B.performance C.langue D.Language 10.Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and

13、 meanings.A.sense B.sounds C.objects D.ideas 11.Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.This feature is called_,A.displacement B.duality C.flexibility D.cultural transmission 12.The distinction between langue and parole was made by _ early last

14、century.A.American linguist N.Chomsky B.Swiss linguist F.de Saussure C.American linguist Edward Sapir D.British linguist J.R.Firth 13.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is .A.arbitrary B.rational C.logical D.cultural Chapter 2

15、：Phonology II.Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:1 An affricate_ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds.2 A_ phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to produce the speech sounds and how they differ.3 The

16、four sounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/have one feature in common,i.e,they are all b _ sounds.4Of all the speech organs,the t _ is the most flexible,and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other.4 5English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p _ of a

17、rticulation.6 When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete,the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a s _.7 S _ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments.They include stress,t

18、one,intonation,etc.8 The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s_ rules.9 The transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called broad transcription while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is called n transcrip

19、tion.10 When pitch,stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation,they are collectively known as i_.11 P _ is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communicat

20、ion.12.If you say door,new,two,senior,zoo,you will notice that the first sounds in all these words are a sounds.The t and s are voiceless,and d,n and z are voiced.Only n is nasal.13 The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities:the p cavity,the oral cavity and

21、 the nasal cavity.14 T_ are pitch variations,which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.15 Depending on the context in which stress is considered,there are two kinds of stress:word stress and s stress.II.There are four

22、 choices following each of the statements below.Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:1.The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is called _ phonetics.A.acoustic B.articulatory C.Auditory D.allomorphic 5 2.The sound/f/is _.A.voiced palatal affricate B.voiced alveolar stop

23、 C.voiceless velar fricative D.voiceless labiodental fricative 3 Of all the speech organs,the _ is/are the most flexible.A.mouth B.lips C.tongue D.vocal cords 4The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _ sounds.A.voiceless B.voiced C.vowel D.consonantal 5_ is a voiced alveolar stop.A

24、./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/6 The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by“copying”a feature of a sequential phoneme,thus making the two phones _.A.identical B.same C.exactly alike D.similar 7.Since/p/and/b/are phonetically similar,occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning,

25、they are said to be _.A.in phonemic contrast B.in complementary distribution C.the allophones D.minimal pair 8.2.In terms of the place of articulation,the following sounds tdszn share the feature of().A.palatal B.alveolar C.bilabial D.dental 9.A _ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of

26、 the tongue maintaining the highest position.A.back B.central C.front D.middle 10.Palatal semi-vowel refers to the sound .A.n B.h C.w D.j 11.A phoneme is a group of phonetically similar sounds called .A.minimal pairs B.allomorphs C.phones D.allophones 12.Distinctive features can be found running ove

27、r a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _.A.phonetic components B.immediate constituents 6 C.suprasegmental features D.semantic features 13.A(n)_ is a unit that is of distinctive value.It is an abstract unit,a collecti

28、on of distinctive phonetic features.A.phone B.sound C.allophone D.phoneme 14The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _ of that phoneme.A.phones B.sounds C.phonemes D.allophones 15.The sounds that begin and end the words church and judge are

29、 voiceless and voiced _,respectively.A.stops B.fricatives C.affricates D.plosives Chapter 3：Morphology I.Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:1.A root_ is the part of the word left when all the affixes are removed.2.A m_ is the smallest meaningful unit of languag

30、e.3.B_ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes,either free or bound,to form a word.4.Affixes are of two types:inflectional affixes and d_ affixes.5.A s_ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may chang

31、e its part of speech.6.A c_ is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.7.The word snowfall is a word formed by joining two separate words,i.e.“snow”and“fall.”This newly formed word is generally regarded as a c_.II.There are four choices following each statement.Ma

32、rk the choice that can best complete the statement:1.The morpheme“vision”in the common word“television”is a(n)_.A.bound morpheme B.bound form C.inflectional morpheme D.free morpheme 2.The compound word“bookstore”is the place where books are sold.This indicates that the meaning of a compound _.7 A.is

33、 the sum total of the meaning of its components B.can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes C.is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D.None of the above.3.“-s”in the word“books”is _.A.a derivative affix B.a stem C.an inflectional affix D.a root 4.Which of the following is

34、 NOT a compound word?A.Rainbow B.Milkshake C.Icy-cold D.Unpleasant 5.The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of _.A.the first element B.the second element C.either the first or the second element D.both the first and the second elements.6._ are those that ca

35、nnot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes,either free or bound,to form a word.A.Free morphemes B.Bound morphemes C.Bound words D.Words 7._ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A.Syntax B.Grammar C.M

36、orphology D.Morpheme 8.The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _.A.lexical B.stylistic C.grammatical D.semantic 9.Bound morphemes are those that _.A.have to be used independently B.can not be combined with other morphemes C.can either be free or bound D.have to be combined with other mor

37、phemes.10._ modify the meaning of the stem,but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.A.Prefixes B.Suffixes C.Roots D.Affixes 11._ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists.A.Words B.Morphemes C.Phonemes D.Sentences 12.“-s”in the word“b

38、ooks”is _.A.a derivative affix B.a stem 8 C.an inflectional affix D.a root 13.Which of the following does NOT belong to“open class words”?A.Nouns B.Adjectives C.Conjunctions D.Adverbs 14.In the word unreliable,the prefix“un-”is a(n)_ morpheme.A.free B.bound C.root D.inflectional 15.Morphemes that re

39、present“tense”,“number”,“gender”,“case”,“aspect”,“degree”and so forth are called morphemes.A.inflectional B.bound C.free D.derivational 16.The English word“modernizers”is composed of morphemes.A.four B.three C.two D.five Chapter 5 Semantics I.Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which

40、begins with the letter given:1.S_can be defined as the study of meaning.2.The conceptualist view holds that there is no d_ link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.3.R _ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real,physical world;it deals with the relationship between the linguisti

41、c element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4.Words that are close in meaning are called s_.5.When two words are identical in sound,but different in spelling and meaning,they are called h _.6.Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called r_ oppo

42、sites.7.R_ opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items.8.C_ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.9.Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s_ restrictio

43、ns,which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.9 10.According to the n _ theory of meaning,the words in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.II.There are four choices following each statement.Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:1.Th

44、e naming theory is advanced by _.A.Plato B.Bloomfield C.Geoffrey Leech D.Firth 2.“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.”This statement represents _.A.the conceptualist view B.contexutalism C.the naming theory D.behaviourism 3.“Can I borrow your bike?”_“You have a bike.”A.is synonymous with B

45、.is inconsistent with C.entails D.presupposes 4._ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components,called semantic features.A.Predication analysis B.Componential analysis C.Phonemic analysis D.Grammatical analysis 5.“alive”and“dead”are _.A.gradable antonyms B.relation

46、al opposites C.complementary antonyms D.none of the above 6._ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A.Reference B.Concept C.Semantics D.Sense 7._ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A.Polysem

47、y B.Synonymy C.Homonymy D.Hyponymy 8.Words that are close in meaning are called _.A.homonyms B.polysemy C.hyponyms D.synonyms 9.The kind of antonymy between married and single is one of _ 10 A converse B relational C complementary D gradable 10.According to the componential analysis,the word“girl”an

48、d“woman”differ in the feature of _.A.HUMNAN B.ANIMATE C.MALE D.ADULT 11.The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _.A.grammatical rules B.selectional restrictions C.semantic rules D.semantic features 12.The words stationary and stationery are identical in sound,but different in spelling and me

49、aning.They are _.A.complete homonyms B.homographs C.hyponyms D.homophones 13.In the following pairs of words,are a pair of complementary antonyms.A.old and young B.male and female C.hot and cold D.buy and sell 14.The relationship between“violet”and“tulip”is _.A.co-hyponyms B.superordinate C.hyponyms

50、 D.antonyms 15.A word with several meanings is called _word.A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple Chapter 6：Pragmatics I.Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:1.P_ is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful com