专题1名词-2020-2021学年高二英语期末备考语法专题突破(解析版).pdf

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1、名词 1.As we all know,the present world financial crisis still has a bad on the development of the economy of every country.A.stress B.effort C.effect D.contribution【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，当今世界的财政危机，仍然对每个国家的经济发展有不好的影响。A.stress 压力；B.effort 努力；C.effect 效果；D.contribution 贡献。have an effect on sth.意为“对有影

2、响”，是固定搭配，且符合语境。故选 C。2.Reported novel coronavirus cases have ranged from mild _ to severe illnesses or even deaths.A.sympathies B.symptoms C.similarities D.samples【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：报道的新型冠状病毒病例从轻微症状到严重疾病甚至死亡不等。A.sympathies 同情；B.symptoms 症状；C.similarities 相似性；D.samples 样本。分析句意可知，此处表示的意思是“新型冠状病毒的轻微症状

3、”。故选 B。3.The doctors and nurses in this hospital arrived at the _ soon after the accident happened,so no people died from it.A.signal B.sign C.sight D.scene【答案】D【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这家医院的医生和护士在事故发生后不久就到达了现场，所以没有人死于事故。A.signal 信号；B.sign 迹象；符号；C.sight 视力；景象；D.scene 现场；地点。此处指医生和护士到达事故发生现场，故选 D。4.Its important

4、 for graduates to find a proper job,one in which they can bring their_ into full play.A.potential B.circumstance C.symptom D.insurance【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕业生找到一份合适的工作是很重要的，他们能在这项工作里发挥潜能。A.potential 潜力；B.circumstance 环境，状况；C.symptom 症状，征兆；D.insurance 保险。bringinto full play 意为“充分发挥的作用”，结合对于合适的工作的理解，应

5、当是让人们激发潜能。故选 A 项。5.The researchers were confident that their unusual technique could finally provide a（n）_ to drugs in treating heart conditions.A.alternative B.access C.witness D.application【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员相信他们的不同寻常的技术能最终提供一种用于改善心脏状况的药物的替代品。A.alternative 可供选择的食物；B.access 方法，途径；C.witness 目击

6、者；D.application 应用。根据 drugs 前面的 to 可知，这里提供的东西并非句中的药物，an alternative to 意为“的替代品”。故选 A 项。6.The peace talk between the two parties concluded in a friendly and frank _,reaching a series of agreements.A.Wind B.atmosphere C.spirit D.weather【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：双方的和平交谈在友好坦诚的气氛中结束，并且达成了一系列协议。A.wind 风；B.atmo

7、sphere 气氛；C.spirit 精神；D.weather 天气。分析句子可知，形容词“friendly 友好的”和“frank 坦诚的”这是对双方交谈的氛围的一种描述。由此可见，交谈是在友好坦诚的气氛中结束。选项 B.atmosphere 气氛，符合句意。故选 B。7.China has got a good_ for fighting against Covid-19 with its careful and smooth organizaton.A.reputation B.influence C.impression D.knowledge【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：

8、中国在对抗新冠病毒的战疫中，以严谨、顺畅的组织形式，赢得了良好的声誉。A.reputation 声誉；B.influence 影响；C.impression 印象；D.knowledge知识。分析句子可知，中国在对抗新冠病毒的过程中发挥了非常重要的作用，为世界防疫做出了表率，因此获得了良好的声誉。故选 A。8.Poverty alleviation is a high priority of our country and has been put on the top of_at two sessions.A.agenda B.subject C.directory D.seminar【答案

9、】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：脱贫攻坚是国家工作的重中之重，也是两会的重要议题。A.agenda 议程；B.subject 科目；C.directory 目录；D.seminar 讨论会。根据 Poverty alleviation is a high priority of our country 此处指两会的“议程”是脱贫攻坚。故选 A。9.Last month L.A.declared a_of emergency as protests over killing of Geroge Floyd a black man turned violent.A.state B.condit

10、ion C.situation D.circumstance【答案】A【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：上个月，洛杉矶宣布进入紧急状态，当时对杀害黑人乔治弗洛伊德的抗议演变成了暴力行为。A.state 状态；B.condition 条件；C.situation 情况；D.circumstance 环境。a state of 表示状况，这里指洛杉矶宣布进入紧急状态。故选 A。10.Today more and more people are joining the“Clean Your Plate”campaign in order to answer the of saving food.A.cal

11、l B.tournament C.tale D.contrast【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天越来越多的人加入“光盘行动”的运动中，以响应节约食物的号召。A.call 号召；B.tournament 锦标赛；C.tale 故事，传说；D.contrast 对比。根据后文“of saving food”可知此处指响应节约食物的号召，answer the call of“响应的号召”。故选 A。11.Generally there is a sharp _ between them in their character.A.contact B.contrary C.contract

12、 D.contrast【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，他们的性格有明显的差异。A.contact 联系；B.contrary 相反的事实；C.contract 合约；D.contrast 明显的差异。根据关键词“sharp”和语境可知，应该是他们的性格有明显的差异。故选 D。12.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _ A.consequence B.independence C.competence D.intelligence

13、【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。A.consequence 结果；B.independence 独立；C.competence 资格，能力，胜任，称职；D.intelligence 智力。根据句意，C 项符合此处语境。故选 C。13.The _ of the trees in the water was very clear.A.mirror B.sight C.reflection D.shadow【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：树木在水中的倒影非常清晰。A.mirror 镜子；B.sight 视野；C.refle

14、ction 倒影；D.shadow 影子。根据 in the water was very clear 可知，指水中的倒影。故选 C 项。14.He gained _ to this university A.permission B.accommodation C.scholarship D.admission【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被这所大学录取。A.permission 允许；B.accommodation膳食，住宿；C.scholarship 奖学金；D.admission 进入许可录用。短语 gain admission to“获准入学，获准进入”。故选 D 项。

15、15.Jane is nice but she has a _ to talk too much.A.trend B.tendency C.tension D.threat【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：简人很好，但她话太多。A.trend 趋势，走向；trend towards/in sth.动态；B.tendency 趋势，癖好；tendency(for sb./sth.)to do sth.倾向；偏好；C.tension 紧张，张力；D.threat 威胁。根据题干中搭配的介词是 to,tendency to do sth.表示“简喜欢说太多的话”。故选 B。16.Ill ca

16、ll the restaurant and make a _.A.preservation B.reversion C.reservation D.reversal【答案】C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要给饭店打个电话预订座位。A.preservation 保存、保留；B.reversion 逆转、回复；C.reservation 预约、预定；D.reversal 逆转、反转。根据 Ill call the restaurant 可知，make a reservation 译为“预定（房间、票）”。故选 C 项。17.The details are not known but the _

17、 of these written agreements arc basically known.A.organs B.outlines C.potentials D.patents【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：细节尚不清楚，但这些书面协议的大纲基本已为人所知。A.organs 器官，机构；B.outlines 轮廓，概要；C.potentials 潜力；D.patents 专利。分析语境，but 前面提到细节不清楚。根据前后相反，后句应表达只了解了书面协议的“大纲或轮廓”。故选 B 项。18.Modem TVs use many of the _ first discovered

18、 by Farnsworth,who contributed a lot to the development of TV A.platforms B.principles C.sources D.symptoms【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代电视使用了最初由 Farnsworth 发现的许多原理，他对电视的发展做出了很大贡献。A.platforms 平台；B.principles 原则；C.sources 来源；D.symptoms 症状。根据句意可知，现代电视利用了由 Farnsworth 发现的原理，故选 B。19.In the process of getting ri

19、d of racial_,the USA is left far behind.A.discrimination B.compromise C.substitute D.disadvantage【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在摆脱种族歧视的过程中，美国被远远抛在后面。A.discrimination 歧视；B.compromise 妥协；C.substitute 代替；D.disadvantage 缺点。根据空前的“racial”可知，此处指种族“歧视”，故选 A 项。20.One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have_ to places like shops and restaurants.A.method B.access C.way D.means【答案】B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是她可以去商店和餐馆之类的地方。A.method 方法；B.access 机会、通道；C.way 方法；D.means 方法。我们用“have access to”表达“可以到达、有机会”这一含义，满足句意“她可以去这些地方”。故此题选 B。