一般将来时时态用法讲解().pdf

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1、一般将来时时态 1.一般将来时的定义 一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词 tomorrow,soon 或短语 next year/week/month,in a few days,in the future,sometime 做状语。如：What will you do this afternoon 你今天下午干什么 We will have a meeting tomorrow.我们明天要开会。He is going to study abroad（到国外）next year.明年他要出国学习。2.一般将来时的结构及应用(1)shall/will+动词原形。表

2、示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情，只能用此结构。如：What shall we do if he doesnt come 如果他不来，我们该怎么办 Will you be free this evening 今天晚上有空吗 I think he will tell us the truth（真相）。我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。(2)be going to+动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如：We are going to have a meeting to discuss（讨论）the matter thi

3、s evening.今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。Look at the black clouds over there.I think it is going to rain soon.看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。There is going to be an English evening this week.本周要举行一个英语晚会。(3)be+现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy 等。如：Go ahead,and I

4、m coming.走前面一点吧，我就来。The dog is dying.那条狗要死了。Hurry up.The shop is closing.快点，商店就要关门了。(4)一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如：Dont hurry.The meeting starts at a quarter past eight.不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。The bus goes back at four thirty.汽车四点返回。巩固练习：一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 Lei tells me he _(visit)the Great Wall（长城）

5、this weekend.mother _(buy)me a pair of new trousers tomorrow.says she _(leave)soon._(go)skating if it doesnt rain next Sunday._(be)an English evening next week.over,and you _(get)a good idea.7._Jim _(have)a picnic next Monday-No,he _._(miss)you after you leave here._(teach)you English next year _(be

6、)back in three hours.at these clouds.It _(rain).二、改错：每处划线中有错误，在题后改正 will sing anddancesfor us tomorrow.you going to swim-Yes,Iwill.will help Jim with his Englishevery day.her sistersingsa song for me tomorrow tplant trees next week.they going toplaysbasketball tomorrow go to visit the factory tomorr

7、ow be going tomake dumplings for Emma.the boys going to the Great Wall next month-Yes,theywill.三、句型转换：Jimis going to play clean the windowsnext week.否定句：_ _ 一般疑问句：_ _ 两回答：_ _ 特殊疑问句：_ _ 四、选择题 ()1.Are you going to _ our English team Yes,I am.A.take part in B.join C.took part in D.joined()2.Xu Xia and

8、her teammates are _ the USA next week.A.leaving for B.leave for C.leave D.left()3.There _ an English party in our class next week.A.is going to have B.is going to beC.will have D.Have()4.If it _ tomorrow,we will go to the park.A.isnt rain B.dont rain C.doesnt rain D.wont rain()5.There _ a football m

9、atch next week.Shall we go and watch it A.will have B.has C.have D.will be “Would you mind doing”句型透视 mind 用作动词时，习惯后接动名词（短语）作宾语，而不接动词不定式，常用于 Would you mind doing句型中，具体用法是：1.“Would you mind doing”句型常用于表示请求，意思是“请你做你是否介意、请你做好吗”，是一种比较客气的表达方式。如：Would you mind turning off the light in the room 请你把房间里的灯关掉好

10、吗 如果要表示“请你不要做你是否介意、请你不要做好吗”，只需要在 doing 前面加上 not.如：Would you mind not standing in front of me 请你不要站在我的前面好吗 2.如果同意，表示不介意时，可用如下用语来表达：Certainly/Of course not./Not at all./No，not at all；如果不同意，表示介意时，常用“Sorry/Im sorry.”（对不起）及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。如：Would you mind going to the movies this evening 今晚去看电影好吗 Im sorry

11、.But I havent finished my homework yet.对不起，我的作业还没有完成。学习时还要注意：1.“Would you mind doing”句型中的would也可用do代替，但语气较生硬，不如用would客气。2.“Would you mind doing”句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you.如果想要对方允许自己做某事，可用“Would you mind my doing”句型，如：Would you mind my smoking here 你介意我在这里吸烟吗 巩固练习：一、用下面提供的短语完成句子。1.help me wash my clothes Wo

12、uld you mind _ 2.give her a cup of tea Would you mind _ 3.help him mend his car Do you have _ 4.walk on the road Would you mind _ on the road 二、选择题()1.Would you mind _ us in the game Not at all.A.joining B.join C.join in D.joining in()2.Would you like to climb mountains with me this Sunday Id love t

13、o.But I _ play table tennis against Class Three.A.am going B.am going to C.am D.going to()3.Would you mind _here Im sorry about that.Ill go somewhere else.A.no smoking B.not smoking C.no smoke D.not smoke 1.had better 的基本用法特点 其意为“最好”、“应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词 should 用法相似，其中的 had 通常缩略为d：Youd better get some

14、sleep你最好去睡一会儿。Wego before it rains.我们最好在下雨前就去。2.had better 如何构成否定式和疑问式 构成否定式时，通常将 not 置于 had better 之后(而不是 had 之后)；而构成疑问式时，则通常将 had(而不是 had better)置于主语之前：Id better not disturb him我最好别去打扰他。What had we better do 我们最好怎么办 练习题()1.Im afraid you have a cold.Youd better go to see a doctor._ A.No,I have no t

15、ime.B.Thats a good idea.C.Its very kind of you.D.Im sorry to hear that.()2.Im fat.What should I do Youd better eat _ meat and _ fruits.A.less;more B.less;less C.more;less D.more;more()3.You had better ask your brother _ playing computer games.Its bad for him.A.to give up B.not to give up C.to give i

16、t up D.not give it up()4.I have a stomachache.What should I do You _ drink sweet water and _ eat sweet food.A.had better not;shouldnt B.should;had better C.had better;had better D.shouldnt;should()5.I have a toothache.You should _.A.drink lots of water B.take a rest C.see a dentist D.have a good sle

17、ep 情态动词的基本用法归纳 情态动词有 can(could),may(might),must,have to,shall(should,will(would),need(needed),ought to 等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。一、can,could 1.表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate（技能）2.表示请求和允许。-Can I go now -Yes,you can./No,you can

18、t.此时可与 may 互换。在疑问句中还可用 could,might 代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。-Could I come to see you tomorrow -Yes,you can.(No,Im afraid not.)3.表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。Theyve changed the timetable,so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4.表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true

19、This cant be done by him.How can this be true 二、may,might 1.表示请求和允许。might 比 may 语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用 cant 或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/May I smoke in this room -No,you mustnt.-May/Might I take this book out of the room -Yes,you can.(No,you cant/mustnt.)用 May I.征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用 Can I.在口语中更常见。2.用于祈使句，表示

20、祝愿。May you succeed!3.表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might 不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比 may 小。1He may/might be very busy now.2Your mother may/might not know the truth.三、must,have to 1.表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用 mustnt（禁止，不准），而用 neednt,dont have to（不必）.-Must we hand in our exercise books today -Yes,you m

21、ust.-No,you dont have to/you neednt.2.must 是说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则强调客观需要。must 只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。1）he play isnt interesting,I really must go now.2）I had to work when I was your age.3.表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1）Youre Toms good friend,so you must know what he likes best.2）Your mother must be waiting for

22、 you now.四、need 作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用 must,have to,ought to,should代替。1）You neednt come so early.2）-Need I finish the work today -Yes,you must./No,you neednt.2.need 作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。而 need 后面只能接带 to 的不定式。He needs to finish his homework today.五、shall,should 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do thi

23、s evening 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1）.You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)2）He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)3）He shall be punished.(威胁)六、will,would 1.表示请求、建议等，would 更委婉。Will/Would you pass me the ball,please 2.表示意志、愿望和决心。1）.I will never do that again.2.）They asked him if he wou

24、ld go abroad.3.would 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would 表示过去习惯时比 used to 正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。1）.During the vacation,he would visit me every other day.2）.The wound would not heal.七、should 表示“应该”1）.I should help her because she is in trouble.2.表示推测 should,(客观推测),must(主观推测)。1）.He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)2）He oug

25、ht to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3）This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4）This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)练习题()1.May I ask you some questions,Dr.Wang _ A.Youre welcome.B.Sure,go ahead.C.No,Im busy.D.Yes,you must.()2.Must I take part in the activity No,you _.Youre too young.You should look

26、 after yourself.A.mustnt B.dont C.cant D.dont have to()3.May I watch TV,Mom Im afraid you _.A.should not B.cant C.must not D.may not()4.Must we keep the window _ all the time No,you dont have to.A.opening B.opened C.to open D.open()5.Must I take the medicine every day No,you _.A.must B.mustnt C.need

27、nt D.cant()6.My mother is ill.I _ stay at home to take care of her.A.can B.may C.have to D.maybe()7.May I use your dictionary,Lily Sure,_.A.go ahead B.you can ask Bill C.you cant D.thats all right 反身代词用法归纳 一、反身代词的基本形式 反身代词是 oneself 根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself,himself,herself,yourself,itself,oursel

28、ves,yourselves,themselves 等形式。二、oneself 与 himself 当 one 指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用 oneself,在美国英语中也可用 himself：One should not praise oneself himself.一个人不应该自吹自擂。三、反身代词的句法功能：1.用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末：The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。Martin himself attended the sick man.马丁亲自照顾病人。2.用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)：Take go

29、od care of yourself.照顾好自己。She could not make herself understood.她不能使别人听懂她的话。The child cried himself to sleep.孩子哭着哭着睡着了。3.用作表语 The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves.真正想要它的是我们自己。代词列表 人称代词 主格 人称代词 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身代词 I me my mine myself we us our ours our

30、selves you you your yours yourself yourselves she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its itself they them their theirs themselves 主格做主语 宾格做宾语 放在动词介词后 放在名词前 不可单独用 替代形代+名词 不可与名词连用 by 后接 反身代词 ()1.He plays basketball so well!Who taught _ He learnt it by _.A.him;him B.himself;himself C

31、.him;himself D.himself;him 要求四会的单词 名词 体育运动 team match football tennis baseball skating rowing cycling basketball soccer 人物或称谓类 person player musician scientist pilot policeman policewoman postman fisherman hero grandfather grandmother grandparents 物品类 basket cup paper gold record brush ring 处所类 gras

32、s theatre/theater museum factory 身体健康类 body health toothache headache fever cough stomachache illness medicine heart 食品饮料类 coffee tea candy fruit sugar tomato+es potato+es salt watermelon sandwich strawberry beef biscuit meal 时间类 age century weekend 文化信息类 information website Internet dictionary know

33、ledge message passage culture 其他 shower fact care advice(a piece of advice)news pity article smoke risk question habit world war introduction note smile peace south middle taxi answer litter voice score line phone example skill point chance suggestion mind side dream future friendship jump part 形容词或

34、副词 weakstrong least most popularunpopular healthy=fitill fat thin dirtyclean useful useless darkbright hungry full deadalive cheap expensive=dear true false correct wrong possible impossible quite excited/exciting tired/tiring certainly badly really finally even famous mad angry main successful enou

35、gh terrible serious still funny active modern necessary 动词：win cheer row join skate cycle dream grow spend jump relax leave kick pass throw fight enjoy/practice/finish/mind +doing sth.advise kill invent become follow hold score point hit hear ring stand feel break record suggest lift boil brush lie

36、cry care check worry cause smoke taste force risk build happen 介词 against through without off except 词组荟萃 名词词组 table tennis the day after tomorrow day and night ice cream potato chips first aid relay race 动词词组 cheer.on grow up be good for be good at=do well indo badly in take part in keep fit leave

37、for fall ill give sb.a hand shout at sb.do ones best=try ones best be angry with talk about come into being stand for have a cold lie down worry about go ahead build sb.up take care of 介词词组及其他 for example at least in fact as.as possible in the future on the other hand instead of all over at first 课本

38、中出现的词组或搭配归纳 be able to be sure be interested in see sb.do/doing sth join the school rowing team join sb spend.doing sth the high jump the long jump turn.into.make sb./sth.+adj.all over the world help sb.do sth play against have fun the most popular sports stop sb from doing sth.such as/for example h

39、undreds of years the boys 800-meter race lots of=a lot of make friends with sb.win the first place next time look/get well/better take ones advice take medicine take/have a bath have/take a rest feel like doing sth.go up go out fall down nothing serious stay up have a good rest do morning/eye exerci

40、ses tell/ask sb to do sth.give up show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.too much 重句大本营 1.What are you going to do Im going to play basketball.2.Would you like to come and cheer us on Sure，Id love to.3.Which sport do you prefer,swimming or rowing I prefer rowing.4.Are you going to join the school rowing team Y

41、es,I am./No,Im not.5.Whats your favorite sport,_ Basketball,of course.6.Whos your favorite player LeBron James.7.What are you going to be when you grow up Im going to be a scientist.8.Why do you like playing soccer Because it makes him strong and its popular all over the world.9._,could you help me(

42、=give me a hand),please Sure.10.Will you join us Id be glad to.11.Would you mind teaching me Not at all.You can do it!12.Would you mind not putting your bike here Sorry.Ill put it somewhere else.13._,I am sorry for what I said.(宾语从句）Its nothing.14.Will you take part in the school sports meet Of cour

43、se I will.15.Which sport will you take part in The boys 800-meter race.16.Hello,is _ in Speaking.17.What shall we take Well take our sports clothes and sports shoes.18.Shall I take my camera Good idea!Itll be fun 19.When shall we meet Lets make it half past six.20.Where shall we meet At my house.21.

44、Hello,_!You dont look well.Whats wrong with you=Whats the matter with you=What is the matter with you I have a toothache/backache/stomachache/headache/fever.(I have the flu.)22.I hope youll get well soon.Thank you.23.How long have you been like this Two days./For two days.24.Youd better take some me

45、dicine.I think I will.25.How are you feeling today Not too bad.26.Staying up late is bad for your health.Right!I must have a good rest.27.May I ask you some questions,Dr.Li Sure,go ahead.28.Must we go to see a doctor at once when we have the flu Yes,we must./No,we neednt.(we dont have to).29.Could I

46、 speak to Dr.Li Yuping 30.Im afraid he is busy right now.Can I leave a message Sure,go ahead.其他重要句型 1.She spends half an hour exercising in the gym every day.2.There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.3.They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.4.Basketball is one of the most p

47、opular sports in the United States and other parts of the world.5.Its important for you and the other players to play as a team.6.With hundreds of years history,it is one of the most popular sports in England.7.The Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics are both held every four years.8.Youd better stay

48、 in bed and not move your left leg too much.9.Follow the doctors advice,and youll get well soon.=If you follow the doctors advice,youll get well soon.10.Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar.11.But his mother made him taste it.12.They must give up smoking as soon as possible.13.Playing sports can also help you keep fit.