2021届上海民办凯慧高级中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析.pdf

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1、2021 届上海民办凯慧高级中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Try one of these amazing destinations on your next vacation.Mallorca On the popular Spanish island of Mallorca,farmhouse inns focus more on providing isolation and quietness than offe

2、ring hands-on farming experiences.With millions of visitors staying on the beaches of Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands each summer,a little bit of isolation is a good thing for aloneness-seeking travelers.Mainly located in the hills of inland Mallorca,these inns range from rustic century-old

3、farmhouses to luxury(奢侈的)villas with spas and swimming pools.Hawaii People who dont want to dig out their passport but still want their farm adventure can head to the island of Hawaii.The 50th state talks much about the well-developed farm tourism industry that can hold people with different interes

4、ts.Agritourism choices range from visiting coffee plantations(种植园)in the Big Islands Kona region to exploring the plantations on Maui to staying on farms on the easily reachable island of Oahu.California California is one ofthe best places in the U.S.to enjoy a farm-stay,thanks to the diversity of c

5、rops and farms.Small family farms and large farms offer a more hands-on approach to agritourism.Many of them teach small-scale farming techniques and even offer strategies for organic growing.The University of California system,one of the largest state-run higher education systems in the U.S.,has a

6、small-farm program that helps growers create agritourism businesses.Philippine Islands With diverse conditions on different islands,the Philippine Islands are ideal places for visiting multiple agritourism sites or focusing on one product.Tourists can visit a huge pineapple plantation for a taste of

7、 large-scale agriculture,or they could focus on smaller operations such as bee farms,and even small plantations that specialize in growing tropical produce such as dragon fruit.1.What kind of people will choose to go to Mallorca?A.Those who prefer peace of mind.B.Those who like lying on the beach.C.

8、Those who enjoy the luxury of tourism.D.Those who want to experience farming.2.What can people do on the Philippine Islands?A.Live in farmhouses.B.Visit plantations.C.Learn farming techniques.D Take part in a farm program.3.What are the four places in the text famous for?A.Locations.B.Environments.C

9、.Local products.D.Tourism features.B When an animal species is considered endangered,it means that the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)has evaluatedit as nearly extinct,which means that a majority of its population has already died off and the rate of birth is lower than the spec

10、iesdeath rate.Today,more and more animal and plant species are on the way to extinction because of a variety of major factors that cause a species to become endangered,and as you might expect,humans play a role in quite a few of them in fact,the biggest threat to endangered animals is human encroach

11、ment(侵入)on their habitats.Every species needs a habitat,where an animal finds food,raises its young.Unfortunately,humans destroy animal habitats in a number of different ways:building houses,clearing forests to getlumberand to plant crops,draining rivers to bring water to those crops,and making stre

12、ets and parking lots.In addition,human development pollutes the environment with all kinds of chemicals,which destroys food sources and shelters for the creatures and plants of that area.As a result,some species die out while others are pushed into areas where they cant find food and shelters to mak

13、e matters worse,when one animal population suffers,it affects many other species in its food web,so more than one speciespopulation is likely to decrease.Habitat destruction is the number one reason for animal endangerment,which is why conservation groups work hard to repair the effects of human dev

14、elopments many non-profit groups like the Nature Conservancy are taking measures to clean up coastlines and establish nature preserves to prevent further harm to native environments and species around the world.4.A species is considered endangered_.A.when the IUCN has noticed its population change B

15、.when most of its population has died off C.when the species birth rate is close to its death rate D.when the species is losing its habitat 5.What does the underlined word“lumber”probably mean?A.Gas.B.Food.C.Chemicals.D.Wood.6.What is being done to protect the endangered species?A.Calling for human

16、development.B.Raising money.C.Establishing nature preserves.D.Educating people.7.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Habitat destruction causes animal endangerment.B.Animals die out due to environment pollution.C.Measures need to be taken to increase species.D.Non-profit groups are making great c

17、ontributions.C Most animals living in crowded conditions have particularly strong immune systems,so it long puzzled researchers that honeybees do not.Part of the answer,discovered in 2015,is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by moving parts of proteins from disease-causing pathogens to them befor

18、e they are laid.These act as antigens totriggerthe development of a protective immune response in the developing young.But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place?Dr.Harwood wondered if the nurse bees were taking in parts of pathogens and

19、passing them to royal jelly they were producing while eating the food brought to the hive.To test this idea,he teamed up with a group at theUniversityofHelsinki,inFinland,led by Dr Heli Salmela.Together,they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini hives equipped with

20、 baby bees to look after.Instead of honey,they fed the nurses on sugar water,and for three of the hives they added P.larvae,a bacterium causing a hive-killing disease,to the sugar water.In this case,to stop such an infection happening,Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela heat-treated the pathogens and so kille

21、d them in advance.They also labelled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye,to track them easily.And,sure enough,it was confirmed that parts of P.larvae were getting into royal jelly released by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water containing that.All told,these findings suggest that

22、 nurse bees are indeed,through their royal jelly,passing antigens onto the queen for vaccinating her eggs.They also mean the nurses are vaccinating baby bees as well,because baby bees,too,receive royal jelly for the first few days after they come out.8.What does the underlined word“trigger in Paragr

23、aph 2 probably mean?A.Cut out.B.Set off.C.Slow down.D.Put off.9.Which is the main experimental subject in Paragraph 3?A.Queen bees.B.Nurse bees.C.Bee eggs.D.Baby bees.10.Why was P.larvae added to the sugar water?A.To test if it would cause a hive-killing disease.B.To check how the bacterium would af

24、fect the hive.C.To see whether the target bees would favor the taste.D.To confirm the bees would pass pathogens to royal jelly.11.What is the text mainly about?A.How bees multiply.B.How antigens function.C.How bees get vaccinated.D.How immune system works.D In Australia,plenty of wild things can bit

25、e or sting(刺伤)you.Strangely enough,one of them is a tree.Now scientists have figured out what makes the trees sting so bad.The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging tree known as Dendrocnide.Many people callit the gympie-gympie treea name given to the tree by native Australians.Its

26、 covered with sharp,needle-like hairs that carry poison.If you touch a gympie-gympie tree,you wont forget it anytime soon.The pain can stay with you for hours,days or weeks.In some cases,its been reported to stay for months.Scientists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting.Now resear

27、chers at the University of Queensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful.After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees,the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce.This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that

28、they believed was responsible for the pain.The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals,which they call“gympietides”.Sure enough,when the scientists injected mice with gympietides,the mice licked(舔)at the places where theyd been injected,indicating that they hurt in those places.Wh

29、en the scientists studied the way gympietides were built,they found that they formed a knot-like shape.The shape makes the chemicals very stable,which helps explain why the pain stays so long.The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and

30、 cone snails.The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all using similar poisons.Spiders and cone snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures.Its not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree.Though the trees sting may stop some animal

31、s from eating it,it doesnt stop all animals.Beetles and pademelons(small s of the kangaroo)are able to eat the plant without trouble.12.Why is a touch on the stinging tree unforgettable?A.Because it has so unusual an appearance.B.Because it is extremely rare in existence.C.Because touching it create

32、s a quite strange feeling.D.Because the pain caused by it doesnt go away quickly.13.What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree?A.How it produces poisons.B.What poisons it produces.C.How it benefits from the sting.D.The consequences of its sting.14.What does the text imply about the

33、stinging tree?A.It produces the same poisons as spiders.B.Poisonous as it is,it also has natural enemies.C.Animals are wise enough to stay away from it.D.Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher.15.Whats the best title for the text?A.Scientists Discover Stinging Trees Secret B.Caution:Stin

34、ging Tree Can Bite and Poison You C.Scientists Discover a Strange Species in Australia D.Effective Ways to Avoid Being Hurt by Stinging Tree 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 One form of social prejudice against older people is the beliefthat they cannot understand

35、 or use modern technology._16_Isnt it unfair that older people enjoying a computer game should be frowned upon by their children and grandchildren?Nowadays older people have more control over their lives and they play a full part in society.Moreover,better health care has left more people in their s

36、ixties and seventies feeling fit and active after retirement._17_Playing computer games is a very effective way of exercising the brain.When personal computers were first introduced,most older people didnt believe they would ever familiarize themselves with it.Now computers have been around for a fe

37、w generations and retired people have gradually become more relaxed about using them for fun._18_Kate Stevens,aged 72,says,“I find playing such games very relaxing.Its not very demanding,but you still need to concentrate.”_19_Theres a greater variety of games to choose from,including more intellectu

38、al and complex strategy and simulation(模拟)games.Internet Chess and Train Simulator are among the most popular of these.Train Simulator is based on real-world activities.Players can choose from a variety of challengers,such as keeping to a strict-timetable and using helper engines during awinter stor

39、m.Some people argue that“grey gamers”simply dont have the skills required for computer games,and that teenagers are better._20_Most computer games require the kind of analytical thinking that improves with practice,which means that the“grey gamers”may well be far better than gamers half a century yo

40、unger than them.In games where speed is the main consideration,older people would be at a disadvantage because they may have slower reaction time.On the other hand,“grey gamers”have a preference for slower paced,mind challenging games.A.This is where I dont agree B.This couldnt be further from the t

41、ruth.C.Gamers over 65 prefer playing puzzle games and card games.D.Mental activity,as well as physical exercise,can contribute to better health.E.This prejudice is based on the following research conducted by some psychologists inChicagoUniversity.F.Activities like playing computer games,going on th

42、e Net and downloading MP3s are only for the youngsters.G.Another development that has favored“grey gamers”is a change in the type of videogames available on the market.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 My father isa very hard-working person

43、.He_21_education in peoples life.Being a teacher by profession,he tried to concentrate all his efforts on helping his_22_succeed.This inspired me to follow his_23_by working hard in school.He also_24_me to keep on_25_,telling me that the sky was the limit.My father shows respect for others.All throu

44、gh my life,I have seen my father settle disputes(争论)_26_.This has taught me the importance of accepting other peoples_27_ and seeking help in times of_28_.Being a modest and down-to-earth person,my father ensured(确保)that I was like him.I was_29_to swallow my_30_whenever success knocks on the door.In

45、stead,_31_past successes and working even harder is his motto.The word love sounds small but few people_32_what it really means to love.It is a trait(品质)that my father had and_33_possesses.It has enabled me to spread my_34_to all who associate with me in one way or another.I believe in doing things_

46、35_and fast in life.This is something that I_36_my father.I remember his_37_saying,The early bird catches the worm.This saying has_38_me to be what I am and where I am today._39_the enthusiasm to accomplish things early in life,I was able to_40_both my O-Level and A-Level education at the most appro

47、priate times.Indeed,!can say that it is my father who has made me what I am today.21.A.values B.needs C.receives D.affords 22.A.colleagues B.students C.neighbors D.teachers 23.A.example B.argument C.order D.plan 24.A.invited B.challenged C.begged D.encouraged 25.A.playing B.enjoying C.trying D.shari

48、ng 26.A.anxiously B.casually C.secretly D.calmly 27.A.apology B.disagreement C.success D.disappearance 28.A.change B.danger C.peace D.difficulty 29.A.observed B.allowed C.taught D.paid 30.A.fear B.anger C.pride D.surprise 31.A.forgetting B.achieving C.celebrating D.experiencing 32.A.believe B.unders

49、tand C.predict D.decide 33.A.seldom B.just C.never D.still 34.A.love B.knowledge C.message D.dream 35.A.alone B.again C.early D.simply 36.A.relied on B.learnt from C.referred to D.prepared for 37.A.famous B.similar C.strange D.favorite 38.A.told B.wanted C.helped D.asked 39.A.Because of B.Instead of

50、 C.Except for D.As for 40.A.review B.finish C.finance D.apply 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 One act of kindness is leading to another.And as kindness_41._(pass)to another,new friendships are forming and existing ones are strengthening.My elderly neighbor called my d