英语句子成分结构.pdf
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1、-英语句子成分及句子构造英语句子成分及句子构造英语句子根本构成成分:英语句子根本构成成分:主语主语:可以作主语的成分有名词 如 boy,主格代词 如 I,we,he,she,they ,数词、动词不定式,动名词等。最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式词不定式。主语一般在句首。(1)名词作主语EnglishEnglish is very important.英语是很重要的。The studentsThe students all love their English teacher.这些学生都爱他们的英语教师。(2)代词作主语TheyThey go to school
2、 by bus.他们乘公共汽车上学。(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too muchWatching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。Its no useregrettingregretting it.懊悔是无用的。(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To seeTo see is to believe.眼见为实。It is necessary to master a foreign language.to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语谓语:谓语由动词构成,谓语时态、语态的变化
3、都表达在动词的变化上,一般在主语之后。1及物动词作谓语-We shouldhelphelp each other.我们应该互相帮助。All of the students likelike the novel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。2不及物动词作谓语Youre drivingdrivingtoo fast.你开车开得太快了。The teacher came incame in,book in hand.教师走进教室,手里拿着书。3连系动词作谓语He lookslooks worried.他看起来很担忧。The bo*itself isisnot so heavy.箱子本身并不重。(4)复
4、合谓语:由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keepmay keep the book for two weeks.由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如:DoDo you speakspeak English.They are workingare working in a field.He has caughthas caught a bad cold.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。宾语宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语成分一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格代词宾格如:me,us,him,her,themI
5、 like Chinese foodChinese food.我喜欢中国菜。I saw him him yesterday.代词昨天我看到他了。I enjoyed talking to you.talking to you.我和你谈话很快乐。He wantedto have a cup of teato have a cup of tea.不定式短语他想要一杯茶。We hopedthat you would stay for a few days.that you would stay for a few days.-我们希望你能多待几天的。直接宾语和间接宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指
6、人,一个指直接宾语和间接宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如:He gavemesome inkmesome ink.他给了我一些墨水。间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher toldusan interesting storyusan interesting story.教师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。间接宾语直接宾语表语:表语:与连系动词连用,构成系表构造,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如:T
7、he flower is beautifulbeautiful.They are brother and sisterbrother and sister.他们是兄妹。Her father is si*ty-fivesi*ty-five.她父亲 65 岁。The poor boy was myself.myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。All you need do is to take a ta*i from the airportto take a ta*i from the airport.你只需从机场打个的即可。My favourite sport is swimmingswim
8、ming.我最喜爱的运动是游泳。定语定语:定语为句子的次要成分,起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,可分为前置定语前置定语和后置定语后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。如:1)HisHis father is a doctor.他父亲是一名医生。代词2)Mr.Green has twotwo sons.格林先生有两个儿子。数词3)The girlunder the treeunder the tree is Kate.在树下的那个女孩是凯特。介词短语4)I bought a new newdictionary.我买了本新字典。5)This
9、 is agreengreen cup.这是一个绿色的杯子。形容词6The people herehere are very friendly.副词这里的人们非常友好。-7)Would you like something to drink 你想要些喝的东西吗.不定式8)A barking dog seldom bites.吠狗很少咬人。V-ing9)The suggestion sent to the mittee was adopted.过去分词送往委员会的建议被采纳了。10)Do you know the man who is standing ne*t to Mr.Green 定从你认
10、识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗.状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子根本构造之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间如:often或程度如:almost的副词状语通常位于 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。(1)时间状语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning.我常常在早上 5:30 起床。Hearing the news,they felt very e*cited.
11、听到这个消息,他们感到很兴奋。Jim went to Shanghai yesterday.(时间状语,句末)(2)地点状语Pandas only live in China.熊猫仅生活在中国。I met him in the street.(地点状语)(3)程度状语He is quite young.修饰 adj.,放在 adj.前-(4)目的状语Well go to the beach for a piic this Sunday.这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.他从口袋里掏出一些零钱
12、来买报纸。She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.她早早地起床,以便能够赶上这辆早班车。(5)方式状语We usually go to school on foot.我们通常步行去上学。Please do it as I told you.请按我告诉你的去做。(6)让步状语Though she has a lot of money,she is unhappy.虽然她很有钱,而她并不幸福。No matter what happens,I will never lose heart.无论发生什么,我将决不失去信心。(7)条件状
13、语If you dont work hard,youll fall behind the others.假设你不努力学习,你将落后于别人。Given more attention,the flowers would have grown better.如果给予更多的关心的话,这些花将长得更好。(8)原因状语We didnt go to the park because of the bad weather.-由于天气不好,我们没有去公园。Because he was ill,he didnt go to school.由于病了,他没有去上学。(9)结果状语The wind was so str
14、ong that we could hardly move forward.风是如此地猛烈,以致于我们寸步难行。He left early,so that he caught the train.他早早地离去,(结果)因此赶上了火车。(10)伴随状语The doctor hurried off,with a medicine bo*under his arm.这位医生匆匆离去,胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。The teacher came into the classroom,followed by a group of hisstudents.教师进到教室里来,后面跟着一群学生。补语补语:补语是起补
15、充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。1Wecall her*iao Lher*iao Li.名词宾语 宾语补足语2Youmust keepthe roomclean and tidythe roomclean and tidy.形容词宾语宾语补足语3Johnaskedmeto help him with his Chinesemeto help him with his Chinese.动词不定式宾语宾语补足语4Iwill havemy haircutmy haircuttomorrow.过去分词宾语宾语补足语5W
16、esawthe boyplaying basketballthe boyplaying basketball on the playground just now.ow.v-ing宾语宾语补足语6)Rain makesplantsgrow.plantsgrow.雨水使植物生长。动词原形-宾语宾语 宾补宾补注意注意:后跟名词名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等,后跟形容词形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep,find,get,think,make 等。动词不定式动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel,see,hear,notic
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