人教版新目标八年级英语上册2单元知识详解.pdf

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1、人教版新目标八年级英语上册各单元知识详解(2)2010-08-22 12:15:11|分类：八年级英语|标签：|字号大中小 订阅 Detailed Solution for Unit 2 Whats the matter.【重要词汇】matter/5mAt/n.事情，问题，差错 arm/B:m/n.臂，胳膊 back/bAk/n.后背，背脊 ear/I/n.耳朵 eye/aI/n.眼睛 foot/fJt/n.脚，足 （pl.feet/fi:t/）leg/leg/n.腿，腿部 neck/nek/n.脖子，颈部 nose/nJz/n.鼻子 stomach/5stQmk/n.胃，胃部 tooth/t

2、U:W/n.牙齿(pl.teeth/ti:W/)sore/sC:,sC/adj.疼痛的 stomachache/5stQmkeIk/n.胃痛，腹痛，肚子痛 throat/WrJt/n.喉头，喉咙 toothache/5tU:WeIk/n.牙痛 fever/5fi:v/n.发烧 lie/laI/v.躺，卧，平放在某处(lay,lain)honey/5hQnI/n.蜂蜜 dentist/5dentIst/n.牙医 illness/5IlnIs/n.疾病，生病 advice/d5vaIs/n.劝告，忠告，建议 thirsty/5W:stI/adj.渴的，口渴的 heal/hi:l/v.医治，治愈 b

3、alance/5bAlns/n.平衡，平衡状态，协调 beef/bi:f/n.牛肉 lamb/lAm/n.小羊，羊羔，羊羔肉 energy/5endVI/n.精力，活力，能力 life/laIf/n.生命，人生 bean/bi:n/n.豆，豆科植物 stray/streI/v.远离，走失，离题 balanced/5bAlnst/adj.平衡的，协调的 diet/5daIt/n.饮食，节食 backache/5bAkeIk/n.背痛 improve/Im5prU:v/v.改善，改良，提高 speaking/5spi:kIN/n.口语 headache/5hedeIk/n.头痛 homestay/

4、5hJmsteI/n.待在家里 important 重要的，重大的，严重的 【重要词组】have a cold 患感冒 stressed out 紧张的，有压力的 bean sprout 豆芽 get tired 感觉疲惫 stay healthy 保持健康 at the moment 此刻，现在 get/have a cold 患感冒 see a doctor/dentist 看医生/牙医 go to the party 去参加聚会 make sb sick 使某人不舒服(患锁病)have a sore throat 嗓子痛 have a fever 发烧，发热 have a toothac

5、he 牙痛 have a backache 背痛 lie down and rest 躺下休息 drink lots of water 喝大量水 drink hot tea with honey 喝热蜂蜜茶 have a headache 头痛 get tired 累了 【重要词汇扩展】身体部位：head 头 neck 颈部 shoulder 肩 back 后背 leg腿 thigh大腿 arm手臂hand手 nose鼻子 eye眼睛 ear耳朵 mouth嘴 tooth 牙齿 foot 脚（注意 foot 的复数形式为 feet，tooth 的复数形式为 teeth）stomach 胃 th

6、roat 喉咙，咽喉 chest 胸部 pit 胸口 abdomen lung 肺 heart 心脏 liver 肝脏腹部 waist腰 backbone 脊骨，脊柱 hip 臂部 joint 关节 muscle 肌肉 nerve 神经 brain 脑 疾病：cancer 癌 influenza,flu 流感 cough 咳嗽 sore eyes眼睛疼 stuffy nose 鼻子不通气 insomnia 失眠 医院工作人员：doctor in charge 主治医生 head nurse 护士长 internist,physician 内科医生 surgeon 外科医生 dentist 牙科

7、医生 ear-nose-throat doctor 耳鼻喉医生 医院名称：childrens hospital 儿童医院 clinic 诊疗所 first-aid station 急救站 ward 病房 medical department 内科 surgical department 外科 registration office 挂号处 out-patient department(OPD)门诊部 in-patient department 住院部 nursing department 护理部 waiting room 候诊室 emergency room 急诊室 operation roo

8、m 手术室 laboratory 化验室 blood bank 血库 pharmacy,dispensary 药房 表示感觉的形容词有：tired 累的 thirsty 口渴的 hungry 饿的 stressed out 紧张的，有压力的 【重要词句详解】1.How to talk about our health 问某人哪儿不舒服：When we are not feeling well,we often go to see the doctor.The doctor will ask:Whats wrong(with you)Whats the matter(with you)Whats

9、 your trouble What happens to you Is there anything wrong with you 都表示“你怎么了”。还有可能有如下的问法:Whats your trouble,young man 年轻人,你哪里不舒服 When did it start 从何时开始生病的 How are you(feeling)now 你现在觉得怎么样 Are you feeling better today 你今天好些了吗 Have you got a headache/a cough 你头痛/咳嗽吗 When did you feel unwell 你什么时候觉得不舒服

10、的 When did the pain start 疼痛何时开始的 Did you sleep well 你睡得好吗 Do you feel tired 你觉得疲劳吗 How long have you been like this 你像这样有多久了 Did you eat anything for breakfast 你早饭吃什么了 叙述病情：There is something wrong with my tooth.我的牙出问题了。Doctor,Im not feeling well(I dont feel very well).医生，我感到不舒服。I feel terrible.我很难

11、受。I feel very ill.我感觉病得很重。I feel even worse.我感到情况更糟了。This place hurts.(Ive got a pain here)这个地方疼。My leg hurts.我腿疼。Theres something wrong with my leg.我的腿有毛病了。I dont feel like eating .我不想吃东西。I dont feel like eating anything.我什么都不想吃.I have a cold.我感冒了。I have a fever.我发烧了。I have a headache.我头疼。I have a

12、sore throat.我嗓子痛。I have a backache./I have a pain in my back.我后背痛。I dream too much.我的梦特别多。I cant fall/be asleep in the evening.晚上我睡不着。It began two days ago.两天前开始的。I dont feel any better now.我觉得没有什么好转。I had noodles for lunch today.今天午饭我吃的是面条。处置或提出建议：Open your mouth,please.张开嘴。Open your mouth and say

13、Ah-.张嘴说 啊-。I want to take your temperature.我想测测你的体温。Let me take your temperature.让我给你量量体温。Take this medicine three times a day.这个药一天吃三次。Take one of these pills twice a day.这些药每次服一片,每天两次。Take the medicine after meals.饭后服药。Take three pills before you go to bed.睡前服用三片。Youd better stay in bed till tomor

14、row.最好卧床休息到明天。Drink lots of/more water and have a good rest.多喝水，好好休息。You should drink a lot of water.你应该多喝水。You should lie down and rest.卧床多休息。Have a good rest.好好休息。You should drink hot tea with honey.你应该喝加蜂蜜的热茶。You should see a dentist.你应该去看牙医。You should go to bed early.你应该早点上床（休息）。Theres nothing m

15、uch wrong/serious with you.你没什么大问题。You have got a bad cold.你患了重感冒。You have to be in hospital.你得住院。Youd better stay in bed for a few days.你最好卧床几天。Youd better not eat too much sugar.你最好别吃太多的糖。Eat less food and take more exercise.If you do that,youll feel much healthier.少吃些,多锻炼,不久你的身体就会健康得多。Youll soon

16、be all right.你很快就会康复的。I hope you feel better soon.我希望你很快就会好起来。Try to relax before you go to sleep.睡觉前尽量放松一下。2.情态动词 should 的用法：1)表“建议、应该”，其否定形式为 shouldnt.它用于所有人称。在其后应为动词原形。You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。He should tell me about it.他应该告诉我这件事。2)在表示要求、命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better（最好）、must（必须）逐渐

17、加强。在本单元主要是表建议“应当”或“应该”。a cold 感冒，还可以说 get a cold.I have a very bad cold.我得了重感冒。在这里 cold 是名词，因此前边可以加冠词“a”、有时也可以说：I have got a very bad cold.或：I have had a very bad cold.4I have a headache 我头痛。5He has a stomachache 他胃痛。6She has a toothache 她牙疼。She should see a dentist 她应该去看牙医。shouldnt eat anything for

18、 24 hours.他不应在 24 小时内吃任何东西。在这里因为是否定句，因而不用 something，而用 anything，同some 和 any 的区别一样，something 用于肯定句中，而 anything 用于否定或疑问句中，如：Theres something wrong with him.他出问题了，或他病了。Is there anything I can help 我能帮忙吗 Do you have any brothers 你有兄弟吗 I have some good friends.我有些好朋友。I never have any fun.我从没什么乐趣。（never 是

19、否定词，因此我们用 any，不用 some）s the matter with you 你怎么了 with 是个介词，后边可以跟名词或代词。Whats the matter with Sonja Sonja 怎么了 am not feeling well.feel well,well 表示“好”，这里不能用“good”。s tired.她很累。tired 是个形容词，可以说 feel tired 感到很累，或说 get tired。She feels tired.或 She gets tired.11.Im not feeling very well at the moment.at the

20、moment 的用法:1）用于现在时态中，意思为“此刻”，.I am busy at the moment.我此刻很忙。2）用于过去时中，表示“当时”，.I was busy at the moment.我当时很忙。【课文解析 3a】A Healthy lifestyle,the Chinese Way Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy For example,are you often weak and tired Maybe you have too muc

21、h yin You should eat hot yang foods,like beef Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this But people who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang Chinese doctors believe that they should eat more yin foods,like tofuChinese medicine is now popular in many western countries.It

22、s easy to have a healthy lifestyle,and its important to eat a balanced diet 1“Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of cooling yin and hot yang to be healthy”传统的中医认为要保持健康需要一种阴和阳的平衡。其中 a balance of平衡，keep a balance of 保持一个平衡 如：keep a balance of nature 保持自然（生态）平衡。be healthy，keep health

23、y，stay healthy 都是保持健康的意思。（healthy 是形容词，其名词形式为 health）2“eat hot yang foods”“吃阳性的食物(补养)”“food”表示各式各样的食物时，是可数名词。.There are many kinds of foods in the shop 商店里有各种各样的食品。类似这种用法的单词有：fruit,fish 等。.I know many fishes in the river 我知道河里有多种鱼。Apples and bananas are different fruits 苹果和香蕉是不同种类的水果。3，are you often

24、 weak and tired 你经常虚弱疲劳吗 4Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.吃中草药党参和黄芪对这（阴虚者）有好处。5 have too much yang too much 和 too many 都表示许多；much 修饰不可数名词，如 water,money 等；many 修饰可数名词的复数，如students,flowers等。lives 是名词 life 的复数形式。.There were too many people here So it was crowded Dont play comput

25、er games You spend too much time on it Im full,because I eat too much food 6 beef 意思是“牛肉”；lamb 意思是“羔羊肉”。词语扩展：chicken鸡肉;fish鱼肉;mutton羊肉;pork猪肉;meat 用来泛指“肉类”。表示“肉”的这些词均为不可数名词，但它们有的有可数的用法，意思有所改变，如“lamb”表示“羊羔”，“chicken”表示“小鸡”，“fish”表示鱼的种类，或“鱼”。7Its important to eat a balanced diet.吃（营养）平衡的食物是很重要的。balanc

26、ed 在此处是形容词，表示“平衡的”。It 是形式主语，真正的主语是“to eat a balanced diet”，但因主语太长，为了句子平衡，将主语用it代替，这是 it 的又一功能。“Its+adj+to do”句型，意思是“做什么事样”。.Its difficult to work out this math problem Its useful to speak English Its not easy to keep healthy Is it interesting to play soccer 【重要句型】1.Whats the matter 怎么了 2.I have a he

27、adache.我头疼。3.You should go to bed.你应该上床了。4.Thats a good idea.那倒是个好主意。或 That sounds like a good idea.听起来是个好主意。5.I have a sore back.我后背疼。6.I hope you feel better soon.我希望你很快会感觉好些。7.Thats too bad.太糟了。8.He has a stomachache.他胃疼。9.He shouldnt eat anything for 24 hours.他 24 小时内不应该吃任何东西。10.She has a tootha

28、che.她牙疼。11.She should see a dentist.她应该去看牙医。12.Im not feeling well.我感觉不好。【语法知识聚焦】情态动词 should 的用法:should 作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，如：How should I know 我怎么知道 Why should you be so late today 你今天为什么来得这么晚 should 有时表示应当做或发生的事，如：We should help each other我们应当互相帮助。在使用时要注意以下几点：1 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长

29、辈教导或责备晚辈。如：You should be here with clean hands 你应该把手洗干净了再来。2 用于提出意见劝导别人。如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。3 用于表示可能性。should 的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。如：We should arrive by supper time 我们在晚饭前就能到了。She should be here any moment 她随时都可能来。have 用法:在英语单词中，have 是一个用法相当广泛的动词。它不仅是一个实义动词，本身

30、包含具体的词意“有”，还可以用作助动词。更重要的是 have 可以和很多单词构成短语，这是其它动词难以相比的。从词形上看，have 是一个开音节词，但它却是按闭音节来读的，即/hAv/;还有一个与众不同之处是，它的单数第三人称是不规则变化的:has/hAz/。其本身的词义是“有”。如：I have a pen Michael has a new soccer They have an expensive house 在由 have 作谓语的句子变疑问句或否定句时，在美式英语中，无论何种情况，都要借助于助动词 do 或 does。如：Do you have a dictionary He doe

31、snt have any coffee 在英式英语中，现在时的否定句、疑问句通常不用助动词 do 而用have not，Have you的形式，但最近受到美式用法的影响和一般动词一样，已渐有使用 do 的倾向。have 还可以和很多单词，特别是那些既是动词又是名词的词连用，构成很多短语，其词意则是由与其连用的词语来决定，它的活跃之处也就在于此。如：have a talk 谈话 have a tea 喝茶式 have a rest 休息一会儿 have a class 上课 have a hike 远足 have a picnic 野炊 have a concert 举办音乐会 have a v

32、isit 参观；访问 have a look 瞧一瞧 have a sleep 睡一会儿觉 have 的这类短语还有很多，只要大家留意，会在以前学习过的课文中发现很多。这种短语还有自己的宾语或其它成分。如：What a nice photo!Let me have a look（at it）Youd better have a talk with him have 还可以和表示疾病的名词连用，表示正在或曾经生过某种疾病。如：have a headache 头痛 have a stomachache 胃痛；肚子痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a sore throat 喉咙

33、痛 have a cough 咳嗽 have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a sore back 背痛 如果我们回答医生询问病情时，一般这样来回答：Whats the matter（with you）I have a sore foot Whats the matter（with you）I have a bad cold have 的用法还有很多，在以后的学习中会接触到的。【典型例题解析】1 They felt very_ They played very_ Ahappily；happily Bhappy；happy Chappy；happily Dhapp

34、ily；happy 解析：feel 是系动词，后面加形容词作表语。play 是动词，应该用副词来修饰。故答案选 C。2 He was even_ this morning than he usually is Atired Btiredly Cmuch tired Dmore tired 解析：was 后应使用形容词，故 B 项可排除。本句话是比较从句，应使用比较级，tired 的比较级是 more tired，故答案选 D。3 You dont look _ Whats the trouble A good B fine C well D health 解析：look 是连系动词，后常跟形容

35、词作表语，look 是“看起来”的意思，而后面问 Whats the trouble 即“你怎么啦”很显然是“你”看起来气色不好。“good”表示“性格好，品质好”，“well”作形容词时常表示“身体好”，应用“well”4 用 maybe 或 may be 填空：（1）_ he is at home （2）She _ a football fan 解析：（1）Maybe 意为“可能”，为副词，“他可能在家”（2）由情态动词 may+be 构成谓语，“她可能是一个球迷”5 He eats _ food,so he is _ fat A much too;too much B much too;

36、too many C too much;much too D too much;too many 解析：too much 和 too many 都有“太多”的意思，分别修饰不可数名词和可数名词，而 much too 的意思是“实在太”修饰形容词或副词，题中的 fat 是形容词，应用 much too 修饰，答案应是 C 6 Its important for us to _ A stay health B stay healthy C keep health D kept healthy 解析：该题的句式为 It+be+adj+for sb+to do sth 意思是“对某人来说做某事怎么样。

37、”stay/keep healthy 都有“保持健康”的意思。stay/keep 后面接 adj 所以 A、C 不符合，D 答案中的 kept 为过去式，不符合该句式，答案为 B 【能力训练】一、补全对话 Tom 病了，流鼻涕，还不停的咳嗽。现在他正在看医生，请阅读并补全他们的对话。A:Im not feeling well,doctor.B:Whats the 1？A:Well,I have a runny nose and I 2 stop coughing.B:You have 3 a cold.Take some medicine and 4 a good sleep.Youll 5

38、better soon.A:Thank you doctor.二、连词成句 1.should,he,bed,to,go,early _.2.have,you,do,throat,sore,a _？3.should,to,healthy,you,exercise,stay _.4.shouldnt,she,tired,when,study,she,is _.5.Sonja,shouldnt,party,tonight,to,go,the,certainly _.三、语法填空 1.What is she doing now She _ _(play)the kite now.2.Where did

39、 he go on vacation He _(stay)at home.3.I am tired now.I _(study)late last night.4.My mom_(like)the color of blue,but my grandparents _(like)the color of yellow.5.A:I _ _ _(feel)well now.B:You should go to the doctor.6.He believes that I should _(have)a good habit.四、翻译句子 1.牛奶能帮助你保持健康的身体。Milk can _ yo

40、u _have a healthy body.2.我爸爸让我好好学习英语。My father _ me _ study English well.3.我妈妈说我应该晚饭尽量少吃肉。My mom said that I should _ _ eat less meat for dinner.4.不要太疲劳，不然会使你生病的。Dont _ too tired.Or it will _ you sick.5.我相信每天晚上 8 个小时的睡眠很重要。I believe that its _ _ sleep 8 hours each night.五、作文 Tom 每天都不能按时上交老师留的作业，请你至少

41、给他写 5 条建议，建议要合情合理。Tom cant finish the homework on time.I think he should take the advice like，He should_ _ 【参考答案点拨】一1.matter/trouble 2.cant 3.caught/had/got 4.have 5.feel/be/get 解析：1.Whats the matter 和 Whats the trouble 是医生向病人询问病情时的常用语句，答案为 matter/trouble。2本句中前部分用了动词 have，因此而推断本题为一般现在时，又从语言背景中得知：他不停

42、的咳嗽，因此答案为 cant。3此句为现在完成时态，主动词 have+动词的过去分词。have a cold,catch a cold,get a cold 都表示患了感冒，因此答案为 caught/had/got 5.Youll 是 You will 的缩写形式，其后应该接动词原形，better是形容词，必须与连系动词连用，因此答案为 feel/be/get。二、1.He should go to bed early.2.Do you have a sore throat？3.You should exercise to stay healthy.4.She shouldnt study w

43、hen she is tired 5.Sonja certainly shouldnt go to the party tonight.三、1is playing 2.stayed 3.studied 4.likes,likes 5.am not feeling 6.have 解析：1.根据问句得出，动词 play 应该用现在进行时，所以答案为is playing.2.根据问句得出，动词 stay 应该用一般过去时，所以答案为 stayed.3.由于本句的时间状语为 last night,所以动词 study 应该用一般过去时，所以答案为 studied.4.根椐句意，某人喜欢某种颜色属于个人

44、的习惯与爱好，应该用一般现在时表示，两处主语都是第三人称单数，所以答案为 likes,likes.5.根据 You should go to the doctor.推断出答案应该是：am not feeling。6should 为情态动词，其后应该加动词原形，因此答案为 have.四、1.help,to 2.tells,to 3.try to 4.be,make 5.important to 解析：1.本题考查动词短语 help sb.to do sth.（帮助某人做某事）的用法，答案为 help,to.2.“好好学习”我们理解为是父母经常对我们的嘱咐，应该用一般现在时，tell sb.to

45、do sth.意为让某人做某事，答案为 tells,to。3.本题考查动词短语 try to do sth.意为:尽量/努力/试图做某事,所以答案为 try to.4.表示疲劳要用系表结构 be tired.will 为助动词,其后应该加动词原形，表示某事物使得某种情况发生,其中的使得 应该用动词 make 来表示，因此答案为 be,make.5.本题考查固定句型 Its.to do sth.例如:Its good to help others.Its bad for your eyes to read in bed.等。因此本题答案为important to.五、He should fini

46、sh homework on time every day.He shouldnt watch TV every night.He shouldnt play computer games until midnight.He should watch TV after he finishes homework.And he should play computer games once a week only on Saturday evening.I think he can become a good boy.【知识拓展】下列对话中，后面划有横线的一行均有一处错误，请找出错误，并把正确的答

47、案写在横线上。A:Whats the wrong with you,young man 1._ B:Im not feel well and Im very weak.2._ I cant do some work,doctor.3._ A:Do you have headache 4._ B:No,I dont.A:Do you sleep well in night 5._ B:Yes,I sleep very well.A:Did you eat breakfast every morning 6._ B:No,I dont.And I eat only a little foods 7

48、._ of lunch and supper because I want to 8._ keep thin.A:Oh,I see.Theres much nothing wrong with you.9._ You need eat more food and have three meals 10._ a day.And do some exercises every day.11._ Then youll turn better soon.12._ 【答案及解析】1.wrong 改成 matter 或去掉 the.2.feel 改为 feeling.3.some 改为 any.此句是否定

49、句。4.headache 前加 a。have a headache 是习惯用法，表示“头痛”。5.in 改为 at。at night 是习惯用法，表示“在夜间”。6.Did 改为 Do。有时间状语 every morning,应该用一般现在时。7.foods 改为 food.food 作食物讲时是不可数名词。8.of 改为 for。这是习惯搭配。9.much nothing 改为 nothing much。nothing 是不定代词，修饰语形容词应该放在其后。10.need 后加 to。在肯定句中，need 一般用作实义动词，故后跟动词时要加 to.11.exercises 改为 exerci

50、se。exercise 与 do 搭配表示“进行体育锻炼”时，为不可数名词。12.turn 改为 get。表示“身体健康状况变好”时，常用动词 get,不用 turn.关于英语单词的小趣闻：下面提到的“英语单词”，通常是指固有单词，比如 ice 或 cream，而不是指 ice-cream 这样的派生单词。（1）英语单词的准确数量，没有正式的统计，语言学家一般认为，英语单词（不包括专用词汇、人名、地名等），大约有 17 万个，其中约 7 万个是已经或者即将废弃的，因此英语单词的大致数量是 10 万个。（2）英语单词中，不会连续出现三个相同的字母，但如果我们给单词添加后缀，则可能出现这种情况，比