人教版初中英语八年级上册期中考试复习知识点汇总.pdf

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1、 人教版初中英语八年级上册期中考试复习知识点汇总 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?词组：go on vacation 去度假 stay at home 待在家里 go to the mountains 去爬山 go to the beach 去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp 去参观夏令营 quite a few 相当多 study for 为而学习 go out 出去 most of the time 大部分时间 taste good 尝起来很好吃 have a good time doing 玩得高兴 o

2、f course 当然 feel like 给的感觉；感受到 go shopping 去购物 in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走 because of 因为 drink tea 喝茶 find out 找出；查明 go on doing 继续 take photos 照相 something important 重要的事 up and down 上上下下 come up 出来 buy sth.for sb./buy sb.sth.为某人买某物 taste+adj.尝起来 look+adj.看起来 do nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有 seem+

3、（to be）+adj.看起来 arrive in+大地点/arrive at+小地点 get to/reach 到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事 Why not do.sth.?为什么不做呢？So+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于 tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某

4、事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 知识点 1.on vacation 度假 on vacation=on holiday 意为“度假”2.anything interesting 一些有趣的东西 1）something，anything，nothing，everything 是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone 是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere 是指地点的不定代词。Hi,Mark.Im new here.Can you tel

5、l me about our school?Of course,Linda.A.something B.anything C.everythingD.nothing There isnt _ with your bicycle.you can ride home A something wrong B anything wrong C wrong something D nothing wrong 2）当形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing,everything 等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面；There isnt _ with your bicycle.you c

6、an ride home A something wrong B anything wrong C wrong something D nothing wrong 3）这些不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here?大家都到齐了吗？something，somebody，someone，somewhere 用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而 anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere 用于否定句及疑问句中。如：Did you do anything interesting?你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Why dont you vi

7、sit someone with me?你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）3.提建议的句子：What/how about+doing sth.?如：What/How about going shopping?Why dont you+do sth.?如：Why dont you go shopping?Why not+do sth.?如：Why not go shopping?Lets+do sth.如：Lets go shopping Shall we/I+do sth.?如：Shall we/I go shopping?4.long time no see 好久不见 5.qui

8、te a few 相当多 6、a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者都表肯定意义 如：He has a few friends.他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里有一些糖。few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者都表否定意义 如：He has few friends.他没有几个朋友。There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。There

9、are _ people,so its very crowded(拥挤的)A quite a few B a lot C a little D few 7.Still no one seemed to be bored.仍然没有人感到烦闷。seem 意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：seem to do sth.好像做某事 如：They seem to talk in class.他们似乎上课说话。seem（to be）+adj.似乎.如：He seemed(to be)ill yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。It seems that+从句 似乎.如 It seems

10、 that he was ill yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。8、-ed 及-ing 的区别 相似但有区别词语：interested adj.感兴趣的 interesting adj.有趣的 surprised adj.感到惊奇的 surprising adj.惊奇的 tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的 excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的 amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的 worried 担忧的 worrying 令人担心的 relaxed 放松的 relaxing 令人放松的 bored 烦躁的 boring 令人烦躁的 11.deci

11、de 意为“决定”，是动词。它的名词形式为 decision。构成的短语有：decide to do sth.decide on doing sth.决定做某事 make a decision to do sth.决定不要做某事，要用 decide not to do sth.。如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing.李雷已经决定去北京。Its only 19:00.we decide _ home A going B go to C not to go D not to go to 16.bring sth.to+地点，意为“带来”，其反义词是 take。

12、如：Please bring your book to our school.请把你的书带到我们学校来。Please take your book to your school.请把你的书带到你的学校去 17.enough 足够 形容词enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough名词 如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够去做 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing.She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了 Anna is _ to work out the p

13、roblems.A.careful enough B.enough careful C.carefully enough D.enough carefully 18.so that 如此以致于 引导结果状语从句，so 后面接形容词、副词.that 后面跟从句。如：She was so sad that she couldnt say a word.她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。19.taste good 尝起来很好吃。taste 系动词用法“尝起来”后+形容词。其他表示状态的系动词有：feel（觉得）keep（保持）stay（保持）seem（好像）look（看来像）smell（闻起来）sound（

14、听起来）taste（尝起来）系动词与形容词连用 The weather stays very hot。天气非常热。He seems very clever。他好像很聪明。Jim looks like his father 吉姆长得像他父亲。The fish smells terrible.这鱼闻起来坏了。That sounds a good idea。那听起来是个好主意。The soup tastes very delicious。这汤尝起来非常香。I feel sick。我感到难受。Keep quiet，please！请安静下来！The cookies _ good.Can I have s

15、ome more?A.taste B.smell C.feel D.sound 语法 一般过去时 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982 等。例如：Where did you go just now?刚才你上哪儿去了？He ate junk food last week.(改为否定句)2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童

16、年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。We went swimming every day last summer.去年夏天我们每天去游泳。He often came to see me when I was in hospital.在我住院期间，他经常来看我。一般过去时 谓语动词变过去式的规则：动词情况构成方式例词一般情况加-ed：playplayed,workworked，looklooked 以-e 结尾的动词加-d：livelived，hopehoped,arrivearrived 以辅音字母-y 结尾的动词变 y 为 i 加-ed：studystudied，crycried，replyrepl

17、ied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词双写辅音字母加-ed：stopstopped，regretregretted，patpatted，nodnodded，planplanned 不规则动词不规则变化（见附表）beginbegan，一般过去时 一般过去时态的否定和疑问：1）谓语是实义动词时，要借助于助动词 did We didnt see anything wonderful yesterday.Did they finish their homework last Sunday?She didnt do any work this morning.When did he come to

18、 your school?2)谓语中有 be 或情态助动词时，不再另加其它助动词：There wasnt anything important in yesterdays newspaper.Could he arrive there on time?Unit2 How often do you exercise?词组 help with housework 帮助做家务 on weekends 在周末 how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不 once a week 每周一次 twice a month 每月两次 be free 有空 go to the movies 去

19、看电影 use the Internet 用互联网 play tennis 打网球 stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚 at least 至少 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports 进行体育活动 go camping 去野营 notat all 一点儿也不 in ones free time 在某人的业余时间 the most popular 最受欢迎的 such as 比如；诸如 old habits die hard 积习难改 go to the dentist 去看牙医 more

20、than 多于；超过 less than 少于 help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about?.怎么样?好不好？want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事 sb.+find+that 从句.某人发现 spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 spend time on sth/(in)doing sth.Its+adj.+to do sth.做某事是的。ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事 by doing sth.通过做某事 the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 Whats your favorite?你最

21、喜爱的是什么？知识点 1、want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事 My mother _me to read for 30 minutes every morning.A.wants B.makes C.has D.lets 2、How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？Twice a week.一周两次。how often 表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。可用于回答表示频率的副词，如 always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly ever,never 等，或用于回答表示频率的短语，如 once a day(一天一

22、次)，twice a week(一周两次)，four times a month(一个月四次)，every day(每一天)等。如：do you surf the Internet?Once a week AHow many times BHow often CWhen DHow much 3、疑问词 how 的用法(1)how many，how much 表示“多少”how many 后接可数名词复数，how much 接不可数名词。How many times do you go to the park?How much are those pants?(2)how many times

23、询问多少次，其答语表示次数。如：once twice，three times 等 How many times do you go to the movies a month?About three times.(3)How old.?询问年龄 How old are you?I am five.I go to school five days a week.(对画线部分提问)(4)How about?如何？怎么样？How about going to the movies?(5)how long 询问多长时间，其答语表示一段时间，如：for two days，for three hours

24、等。How long will it take to get to the station？About half an hour。(6)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是 in two hours，in three days 等。How soon wil he come back？In an hour 4.be free 意为“有空”是形容词，其反义词为“be busy”。free 的另一种意思是“自由的；不受约束的”，其名词形式为 freedom。还有一个意思是“免费的”，如：They enjoy free medical care.他们享受免费医疗。5.be full 意

25、为“满的；忙的”是形容词，其反义词有：full(满的)empty（空的），full(饱的)hungry（饿的）。如：I am full,so I dont want anything.我饱了，所以我不想要了。6、eat breakfast 意为“吃早饭”同义词组为 have breakfast，其中间不加冠词，但当三餐前有形容词修饰时，要加不定冠词 a 或 an。如：have a big dinner 吃一顿丰盛的晚餐 7She says its good for my health.她说那对我的健康有益。（1）be good for 意思是“对有好处”。如：Doing exercise is

26、 good for our health.进行锻炼对我们的身体有好处。【辨析】：be good for,be good at 与 be good to Hes good _ swimmingSwimming is good _ his health Afor，at Bat，for Cfor，for Dat，at（2）health 是一个名词，意思是“健康”，它的形容词形式是 healthy，意思是“健康的”。如：My grandmother is over 80 years old,but she is very healthy.我奶奶八十多岁了，但她非常健康。We should keep i

27、n good health.我们要保持健康。We keep _ and it keeps us _ A to swim;health B swimming;healthy C to swim;healthy D swimming;health 8.ask sb.(not)to do 叫(不)做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.ask sb.about sth.问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time

28、 activities.ask sb.for help 向某人求助 如：ask teacher for help 向老师寻求帮助 9、go online 意为“上网”，其同义词为“use the Internet”。10.help with sth.如：They help with this problem.help sb.（to）do sth.如：They help you relax.他们帮助你放松 11.at least 最少 原形 little 比较级 less 最高级 least 如：we should sleep at least 8 hours.我们至少得睡 8 个小时 12.a

29、lthough 为连词，意思是“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有 though。与 but 作用相同，但是用法不同。特别注意英、汉在此意义上的表达区别：汉语中经常说“虽然但是”，但在英语中，although 和 but 不能同时使用，即“虽然”和“但是”只能用其一。如：Although I get up early,I cant catch the early bus.=I get up early,but I cant catch the early bus.尽管我起得很早，但还是没有赶上早班车。Why do you look unhappy,Lucy?I cant learn math

30、 well I always work hard.A.because B.and C.although D.so 13.be surprised 意为“惊讶”构成的短语有 be surprised to do sth 惊讶做某事 be surprised that+从句 to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 如：to their surprise 令他们惊讶的是 to Li Leis surprise 令李雷惊讶的是 14.stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到 12 点 Why do you look unhappy,Lu

31、cy?I cant learn math well I always work hard.A.because B.and C.although D.so 15、The best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 原形 good 比较级 better 最高级 best 如：I think the best way to relax is to listen to music.我认为最好的休闲方式是听音乐。语法 一、一般现在时 一般现在时主要用来表示每天、每周等经常一直如此，长期进行下去的动作，其着眼点不在描述具体的动作，而是通过提出不断反复的动作，来说明某一真理或某一经常性习惯性的举

32、动。一般现在时的几种主要用法 1）一般现在时表示客观事实、客观存在的普遍真理、用于一般现在时的时间状语常见的有：often，usually，always，sometimes，seldom，ever，never，every day（week，month，year），once a year，now and them，from time to time。例如：The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.2）表示格言或警句 Pride goes before a fall.注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句

33、是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.3）表示现在习惯性的、经常重复的或定期发生的动作或存在的状态。I leave home for school at 7 every morning.We go to school every day except on Sunday.4）表示能力、性格、个性等。例如：I dont want so much.Ann writes good English but does not speak well.一般现在时态的几点注意：1）表示“感觉”和“状态”或“关系”等的动词（如 b

34、e，like，love，hate，want，think，remember，find，sound，forget，refuse，see，allow，prove，have，matter，taste，look，feel）常用一般现在时，不用现在进行时。例如：Carl and Wang Bing are students.In the evening I love sitting by the fire and playing my guitar.一般现在时态的几点注意：2）有时用这个时态表示“按计划、规定，时刻表”要发生的动作，句中（都带有时时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin，come，lea

35、ve，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close 等。例如：The meeting begins at seven.The train leaves at 17:40.一般现在时态的几点注意：3)还要注意其动词形式的变化。该时态主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s或-es，be 和 have 有特殊的变化形式,be(am,is,are)have(has)。一般情况在词尾加-s,包括以“元音字母+y”结尾的词 workworks,runruns,playplays 在以 ch，sh，x，s 等辅音字母或以元音字母 o 结尾的词加-es，如词尾为-e，

36、只加-s missmisses,finishfinishes,teachteaches,loseloses,livelives go-goes do-does 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，先变 y 为 i，在加-es studystudies,try-tries 一般现在时态的几点注意：表示否定和疑问时：1)实义动词做谓语的要借助于助动词 dodoes He doesnt like his new school.Does he speak English well?Do you/they-?Where does she live?Where do they live?2)谓语中有 be 动词

37、或情态助动词的，不能再加其它助动词 There isnt any rice in the bag.We cant do anything but wait.Where are you now?Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister 词组 more outgoing 更外向 asas与一样 the singing competition唱歌比赛 be similar to与相像的/类似的 the same as 和相同；与一致 be different from 与不同 care about 关心；介意 be like a mirror 像一面镜子 the m

38、ost important 最重要的 make friends 交朋友 the other 其他的 touch ones heart 感动某人 be talented in music有音乐天赋 be good at 擅长 be good for 对有好处 be good with善于与相处 have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 reach for 伸手取 in fact 事实上；实际上 bring out 使显现；使表现出 get better grades 取得更好的成绩 as long as 只要；既然 make s

39、b.do sth.让某人做某事 as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与一样 Its+adj.+for sb.to do sth.对某人来说，做某事的。知识点 1.He has shorter hair than Sam.他的头发比萨姆的短。than 比（用于形容词，副词的比较级之后）当两个人或者物进行比较时，要用形容词的比较级。“比较级+than”表示“比.更.”。一般形容词或副词的比较级是在词后加-er。但要注意比较的对象。如：I am taller than Jim.我比吉姆高。His hair is shorter than Sams.他的头发比萨姆的短。This book is mo

40、re interesting than that one.这本书比那本书有趣。连词成句 more the his than outgoing boy is sister 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词 so,too,very,pretty,really；2)比较级，表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者之间进行比较）,标志词 than,A or B,of the two,修饰词 much,a lot,a little,even；3）最高级，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词 the，后面可带 in（of）短

41、语来什么比较的范围。Mike did_(badly）in the competition in his class and the teacher was angry What bad weather!Yes.The radio says it will be even tomorrow.A.bad B.badly C.worse D.worst This sweater is not expensive.And the price of it is the _of the three.A.lowest B.biggest C.highest D.smallest 备注：（1）比较级前可加 m

42、uch,far,even,still,a lot,a little,a bit 等词修饰，不可加 very.(2)比较级+and+比较级（越来越.)如 taller and taller 或 more and more popular (3)The+比较级，the+比较级（越.就越.)Eg.The more books she reads,the better she understands.2.反意疑问句 肯定陈述句否定提问 如：Lily is a student,isnt she?否定陈述句肯定提问 如：She doesnt come from China,does she?提问部分用代词

43、而不用名词如：Lily is a student,isnt she?陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如 little,few,never,nothing,hardly 等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。如：He knows little English,does he?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？They hardly understood it,did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？3、laugh at sb.笑话；取笑（某人）如：Dont laugh at me!不要取笑我!4、Theyre both tall.他们两个都是高个子。both adj./pron./adv.两个都用在 be 动词后，行为

44、动词前。You are both too young.They both speak English.Both of.+名词复数（复数谓语）Both of the flowers are beautiful.两朵花都很漂亮。bothand两者都（复数谓语）反义词组：neithernor两者都不（谓语单复数按照就近原则）Tara and her sister_ quiet and they _ sports.A.are both,both like B.are both,like both C.both are,both like D.both are,like both【友情链接】both 与

45、 all both 指代两者；all 指代三者或三者以上 如：My parents are both fine。我父母都好。We are all here。我们都在这儿。4、be like 意为“像”，这里的 like 是介词。如：She is like her mother。她长得像他妈妈。like 做动词，意为“喜欢”，构成短语 like sth.喜欢某物 like sb.喜欢某人 like to do sth.喜欢做某事 如：I like to have friends who are like me.我喜欢交像我一样的朋友。like doing sth.5、need 是动词，需要。ne

46、ed sth.需要 Plant needs water。need to do sth.需要做 You didnt need to tell him the news，it just made him sad.need doing sth.Flowers need watering。as long as 只要；既然。You dont need a lot of friends as long as theyre good.你不需要很多朋友，只要他们好就可以了 6、.Its not necessary to be the same.完全一样是没有必要的。Its+adj.+for sb.+to do

47、 sth.意为“某人做某事怎么样”如：It is easy for me to make friends.我交朋友很容易。7、My friend is the same as me.我的朋友和我一样。be the same as“和一样”。反义词组：be different from“与.不同的”如：My bike is different from yours.=My bike is not the same as yours.我的系行车和你的不一样。8、-How do you go to school?-On foot.Our school is my house.A.different

48、from B.far away C.close to D.the same as 9、takeseriously serious 意为“严肃的；认真的；严重的”be serious about sth.如：He was serious about the matter.他对那件事很认真。be serious with sb.如：Theres nothing much serious with you.对你来说没那么严重 10.touch ones heart 感动某人 11.be talented in music 有音乐天赋 12.however 意为“然而；但是”You didnt fin

49、ish your homework.You can,however,do it now.你还没有完成家庭作业，但是现在你可以写了。13.hard-working 意为“努力的”其比较级为 more hard-working 意为“更努力”，less hard-working 意为“不努力”。14.be similar to.意为“与.相似”。My pen is similar to yours.我的钢笔和你的相似。Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?词组 movie theater 电影院 close to离近 clothes store 服装店 in tow

50、n 在镇上 so far 到目前为止 talent show 才艺表演 10 minutes by bus 坐公共汽车 10 分钟的路程 .and so on 等等 have.in common 共同；共有 be up to sb.(to do sth.)是的职责；由决定(去做某事）make up 编造（故事、谎言等，人做主语）be made up 被编造（事物做主语）play a role in doing sth在方面发挥作用/有影响 for example 例如 around the world 世界各地；全世界 all kinds of各种各样的 not everybody 并不是每个