中学英语语法顺口溜.pdf

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1、 1 中学英语语法顺口溜 英语语法顺口溜 英语学习 动词为纲滚雪球，难易编组抓循环。同类归纳印象深，图示介词最直观。混淆多因形音义，反义词语成对念。构词方法不可忘，习惯用语集中练。词不离句法最好，课外阅读莫间断。巧记 48 个国际音标 单元音共十二，四二六前中后。双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊。四个连对也包括，有气无声清辅音。有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。规则动词加 Ed 的读音 清读t，浊元d,t、d 后面读id be 的用法口诀 我用 am 你用 are，is 连着他她它。单数名词用 is,复数名词全用 are。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易

2、，be 后 not 莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用 in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用 on，上午下午又是 in。要说某日上下午，用 on 换 in 才能行。午夜黄昏须用 at，黎明用它也不错。at 也用在明分前,说“差”可要用上 to,说“过”只可使用 past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉跎。记住 f(e)结尾的名词复数 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。wife knife wolf thief self life half leaf 巧记以-o 结尾加-es 的词 A.“两人两菜”（hero,negro,p

3、otato,tomato)B.一句话 Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes C.有生命的加 Es，无生命的加-s.巧记不规则名词单变复 男女脚步牙鹅，老鼠加虱婆。man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese;mouse-mice;louse-lice.非谓语动词的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词 动词后，不定式，want,hope 和 wish，agree,decide,mean,manage,promise,expect,pretend,且说两

4、位算在此，要记牢，要记住，掌握它们靠自己。后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词 一些动词要掌握，have,let 和 make,此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”see，还有 feel 和 watch，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记,除此之外，还可以掌握“八字言”，一感 feel,二听 hear,listen to,2 三让 have,let,make,四看 see,look at,observe,watch 后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词 特殊动词接“动名”，使用它们要记清，“放弃”“享受”可“后悔”，“坚持”“练习”必“完

5、成”，“延期”“避免”非“介意”掌握它们今必行。(give up;enjoy;regret;insist;practice;finish;put off;avoid;mind.)要求跟随动名词的动词(1)“megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃),mind,miss,enjoy,give up,admit,avoid,finish,escape,practise.(2)“makes(a)fit speach”Mind,Avoid,keep,Enjoy,Suggest/Finish,Imagine,Think about,Spend,Practise,Excuse,escape,Cant help 要求

6、跟不定式的动词“要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。”A 要求，想要，希望(want,wish,hope,expect,intend,mean)B 同意(agree,promise)C 意愿(care,hate,refuse)D 决定，企图(determine,decide,offer,attempt,try,manage)要求跟不定式作宾补的动词(1)劝教命请叫(advise,teach,order,command,ask,tell)(2)允许又警告(allow,permit,warn)(3)使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wis

7、h,want,expect)(4)知觉动词妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice)既跟动名词也跟不定式的动词 begin,start,continue,forget,remember,regret,intend,like,love,hate,try,mean.用不定式和动名词造成的意义上的差别归为五点：不定式动名词 A）某一具体行动指一般的、经常的情况 B）表示主语和宾语的动作可能表示任何人的动作 C）主动被动 D）未发生的事已发生的事 E）短暂的或可能进行的事延续的或重复发生的事 She hated to talk about peoples shortco

8、mings.She hate talking about peoples shortcomings.She wants to repair the desk.3 The desk wants repairing.常见的要求跟动名词作宾语，跟不定式作宾语的动词有：advise,forbid,understand,suppose,consider,allow,permit.连接首字母即为 A Fus Cap（阿福的帽子）阿福的帽子，代表七动词，宾补不定式，宾语动名词 Ex.What is it that they permit?Some old magazines.A.taking away B.

9、being taken away C.to take away D.to be taken away 英语分数巧记 英语分数不费事,“母序子基”四个字。分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。在某些表示请求、命令、建议等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用动词原形或 should+动词原形。在某些表示请求、命令、建议等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用动词原形或 should+动词原形。Iinsist,ddenand,rrequest/require/recommend,oorder,ppropose,ccommand,aadvise,ppreqersic,ssuggest.巧记英文信封的写法 A.可以

10、记住汉字“尖”字，先写小地名，再写大地名。B.将竖式汉文写法的信封，按顺时针方向旋至水平位置。这样，地址的排列顺序恰巧是英文信封的书写格式。long before 和 before long long 在前（long before)，“很久前”，long 在后(before long)，“不久后”。before 和 ago 巧记 before 带在点之前，ago 总在段之后。before 时态不确定，过去时中用 ago。巧记 lie 和 lay 躺 lie,lay,lain,lie in bed again;撒谎 lie,lied,lied,dont be a liar;产蛋 lay,laid

11、,laid,a hen laid an egg;放置 A loy picked it up,and laid it in the bag.out of question 和 out of the question 无 the“无问题”，（毫无疑问）有 the“有问题”，（不可能）be made of 和 be made from 巧记 物质不变用 of,物质变化 from,如果物质不明白，可问君自何处来？ie 和 ei 歌 4 e-i 和 i-e,两者都可读作i:i 总要走在前，除非前面是个c(ceiling,believe,field,receive,piece)基数词变序数词歌 基变序，有

12、规律 词尾加上-ed(fourth,sixth)一、二、三，特殊例，结尾字母 t,d,d(first,second,third)八去 t,九去 e,(eighth,ninth)ve 要用 f 替;(fifth,twelfth)ty 将 y 改成 i,th 前面有个 e。若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。WITHSPEM 有些动词用过去完成时，常表示“想做而未做”的意思。可巧记其首字为组成的“withspem”，代表：wish,intend,think,hope,suppose,plan,expect,Mean Fanboys 要求前后 对称的词语，包括可有并列连词，其中最常见的是for,and,

13、nor,but,or,get,so 为了便于记忆，可将其首字母连成“fanboys”.（此外，还有both.and,neither.nor,not only.but also,以及表示比较的词语 than,as.as,not so.as,prefer.to,rather than等.从句之要素 从语法结构的角度看，任何从句都有三个要素，即时态与主句要响应，关联词使用要恰当，主要结构不倒装。一句话记名词所有格的构成分式和用法 The childrens teacher asked a friend of toms to bring him some students books on the f

14、irst day of the month.巧辨只在一言中 1.Her elder sister is three years older than she.她姐姐比她大三岁。2.He looked around,but saw nothing.他环顾四周，什么也没看见。3.He listened,but could hear nothing.他侧耳细听，什么也没听到。4.The old man raised his head,facing the rising sun.老人抬起头，面对冉冉升起的太阳。5.He is very interested in the interesting fil

15、m.他对那个有趣的片子很感兴趣。6.He received his invitation but didnt accept it.他收到了请柬，但没有接受。7.Will you lend me the book you borrowed from the library yesterday?把你昨天从图书馆借的那本书给我看看好吗？5 8.They planted a few trees,but few of them are alive.他们种了几棵树，但没几棵成活的。9.He asked me for a little ink,but I had little myself.他向我要一点墨水

16、，可我自己的墨水也没多少。10.Do you speak everyday English every day?你天天讲日常英语吗？11.Sometimes I spend some time on novels.有时，我花点时间看小说。12.Electricity was not discovered by Edison,but he invented the elec-tric light.电不是爱迪生发现的，但他发明了电灯。13.Nothing is permitted,everything is allowed.一切都有不（明文）准许，但也不（明文）禁止。14.Both of them

17、 went out but neither came back.他们两个人都出去了，但一个也没回来。15.English is fairly useful,but it is rather difficult to learn.英语相当有用，但相当难学。加-ing 要双写的常见动词 一个 m，两个 d 和 g(swim)(nod,rid)(dig,beg)三 n，四 p，十个 t(run,win,begin)(dip,drop,mop,stop)(sit,hit,fit,set,get,let,put,regret,forget,pat)(下加线的词，构成过去式、过去分词时，也须双写尾字母 五

18、种基本句型歌 英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键；系词后面接表语；vi 独身无牵连；vt 又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见，还有宾语补足语；各种搭配记心间。五种基本句型：1.主语+系动词+表语 2.主语+不及物动词 3.主语+及物动词+宾语 4.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 5.主语+及物动词+宾语 1+宾语 2 对划线部分提问的程序 一代（用疑问词代替划线部分），二移（把疑问词移至句首）三倒（颠倒主谓语，但对主语或其定语提问时除外）四抄（照抄其它部分）直接引语转换为间接引语时人称代词转换规律 一从主 He said to Tom,“I can help them.”

19、He said to Tom that he could help them.二从宾 He said to her,“You can help them.”He told her that she could help them.三不变 He said to Tom,“They can help them.”6 He told Tom that they could help them.祈使句变为间接引语的规律 一改（主句谓语动词）二变（呼语为间接宾语）三加（to）四去（please）不带 to 的不定式作宾补 不定式，不带 to,九个动词要记住，一听（hear）二看（see,watch）三感

20、觉（feel,notice,observe），make,let 和 have；作宾补，是秃头；当主补时要带 to.be 在现在时中与人称的搭配 我是 am，你是 are,is 跟随着他，她，它。复数后面用什么，统统都是一个 are。肯定句变疑问句口诀 “是，情，助”，移向前，主语其后把身安，一般，现在，与过去，do,does,did 添在前，再改谓语为原形。最后要把问号点。一般疑问句和否定句的变化 一般问句并不难，谓语调到主语前。大写小写有变化，句末要把问号加。第一人称常变二。否定句就更简单，中间加上一 not，谓语动词提到前。现在进行时 现在进行时很好记，结构 be动词 ing。be 由主语

21、来决定，句中常用标志词，now，look，listen！一般现在时 肯定句的现在式。不是三单用原形，是三单就加 s，es，若是否定疑问句，没有 be 就加个 do，碰到三单加 does。如把 does 加在前，动词就要还原形。一般过去时 肯定句的过去式。规则动词加 ed，不规则的必须记。否定形式疑问句，没有 be 加 did。如把 did 加在前，动词也要还原形。宾语从句 宾语从句三要素，引导词、语序、时态。引导词分三情况，陈述句 that 可省略。一般疑问句 if 或 whether。碰到特殊疑问句，疑问词来担此任。语序总体为主谓。疑问词从句主语，语序不必去改变。从句时态主句定，如果主句是过

22、去，从句相应作改变，客观真理仍现在。7 被动语态 被动语态牢记一点，be 加动词过去分词。分析句中主和谓，承受者作主语即被动。短语动词不可忘介副词。另有不及物动词，只有主动无被动。还要注意其时态，与主动语态全相同。特殊的形容词、副词的比较级、最高级 一分为二有两个，一是远来一是老。合二为一共三对，坏病两多并两好。还有一词双意含，只译少来不译小。(far-farther/further-farthest/fuethest;old-older/elder-oldest/eldest bad/badly/ill-worse-worst;many/much-more-morst;good/well-b

23、etter-best;little-less-least)比较等级的运用 原级用在 asas 间，比较级用在 than 前。and 连接两个比较级，说明“越来越怎样”。三者以上最高级，副词前可不加 the。still，even，和 much，比较级前“更怎样”。还有 alot 和 alittle，也常修饰比较级。常见不规则动词三种形式变化归类 e came come become became become 2.steal stole stolen speak spoke spoken break broke broken drive drove driven write wrote writ

24、ten give gave given 3.swim swan swum spring sprang sprung run ran run begin began begun drink drank drunk 4.blow blew blown grow grew grown know knew known throw threw thrown show showed shown draw drew drawn 5.bring brought bought fight fought fought think thought thought buy bought bought catch ca

25、ught caught 6.keep kept kept sweep swept swept leave left left feel felt felt 7.tear tore torn wear wore worn 8.pay paid paid say said said 9.build built built send sent sent lend leant leant dig dug dug win won won sell sold sold tell told told sit sat sat hear heard heard make made made lose lost

26、lost stand stood stood 不规则动词分词完整版 8 find found found get got got hold held held feed fed fed meet met met lead led led 10.beat beat beaten do did done see saw seen take took taken 11.shut shut shut cost cost cost hit hit hit set set set put put put let let let cut cut cut 不规则动词表完整版 不定式(Infinitive)意思

27、 过去式(Past Tense)过去分词 (Past Participle)abide 居住 abode,abided abode,abided alight 下车 alighted,alit alighted,alit arise 起来 arose arisen awake 唤醒 awoke awoke,awaked be 是 was,were been bear 忍受 bore borne,born beat 击打 beat beaten become 变成 became become befall 发生 befell befallen beget 引起 begot begotten,be

28、got begin 开始 began begun behold 注意看 beheld beheld bend 鞠躬 bent bent bereave 剥夺 bereaved,bereft bereaved,bereft beseech 乞求 besought,beseeched besought,beseeched beset 围攻 beset beset bespeak 预约 bespoke bespoken,bespoke bespread 铺盖 bespread bespread bestrew 散放 bestrewed bestrewed,bestrewn bestride 跨坐 b

29、estrode bestridden,bestrid,bestrode bet 打赌 bet,betted bet,betted betake 前往 betook betaken bethink 想起 bethought bethought bid 出价 bade,bid bidden,bid bide 忍受 bode,bided bided bind 绑 bound bound bite 咬 bit bitten,bit bleed 流血 bled bled blend 混合 blended,blent blended,blent bless 祝福 blessed,blest blessed

30、,blest blow 吹 blew blown break 断开 broke broken breed 产生 bred bred 不规则动词分词完整版 9 bring 带来 brought brought broadcast 广播 broadcast,broadcasted broadcast,broadcasted browbeat 严斥 browbeat browbeaten build 建筑 built built burn 燃烧 burnt,burned burnt,burned burst 爆炸 burst burst buy 买 bought bought can 能 could

31、-cast 铸造 cast cast catch 抓住 caught caught chide 责骂 chid,chided chid,chidden,chided choose 选择 chose chosen cleave 分裂 cleaved,cleft,clove cleaved,cleft 打通 clave cloven cling 粘附 clung clung clothe 穿衣 clothed,clad clothed,clad come 来 came come cost 价值 cost cost creep 爬行 crept crept crow 报晓 crowed,crew c

32、rowed cut 切 cut cut dare 敢 dared,durst dared deal 处理 dealt dealt dig 挖洞 dug dug dispread 扩散 dispread dispread do 做 did done draw 画 drew drawn dream 做梦 dreamed,dreamt dreamed,dreamt drink 喝 drank drunk drive 驾车 drove driven dwell 细想 dwelt,dwelled dwelt,dwelled eat 吃 ate eaten fall 落下 fell fallen feed

33、 喂 fed fed feel 感觉 felt felt fight 打架 fought fought find 找寻 found found flee 逃跑 fled fled fling 派出 flung flung fly 飞 flew flown 逃逸 fled fled 击飞 flied flied forbear 克制 forbore forborne forbid 禁止 forbade,forbad forbidden forecast 预报 forecast,forecasted forecast,forecasted fordo 损毁 fordid fordone 不规则动词

34、分词完整版 10 forego 居先 forewent foregone foreknow 预知 foreknew foreknown forerun 作先驱 foreran forerun foresee 看穿 foresaw foreseen foreshow 预示 foreshowed foreshown foretell 预言 foretold foretold forget 忘记 forgot forgotten,forgot forgive 原谅 forgave forgiven forsake 抛弃 forsook forsaken forswear 发假誓 forswore f

35、orsworn freeze 冷冻 froze frozen gainsay 反驳 gainsaid gainsaid get 得到 got got,gotten gild 镀金 gilded,gilt gilded gird 束缚 girded,girt girded,girt give 给予 gave given go 去 went gone grave 铭记 graved graven,graved grind 磨 ground ground grow 成长 grew grown hamstring 残废 hamstringed,hamstrung hamstringed,hamstru

36、ng hang 挂 hung hung 吊死 hanged hanged have 有 had had hear 听 heard heard heave 力擎 heaved,hove heaved,hove hew 砍劈 hewed hewed,hewn hide 隐藏 hid hidden,hid hit 打 hit hit hold 拿住 held held hurt 伤害 hurt hurt inlay 镶嵌 inlaid inlaid keep 保持 kept kept kneel 下跪 knelt,kneeled knelt,kneeled knit 编结 knitted,knit

37、knitted,knit know 知道 knew known lade 舀水 laded laded,laden lay 放置 laid laid lead 带领 led led lean 倾斜 leaned,leant leaned,leant leap 跳跃 leapt,leaped leapt,leaped learn 学习 learnt,learned learnt,learned leave 离开 left left lend 借出 lent lent let 让 let let lie 躺下 lay lain 不规则动词分词完整版 11 撒谎 lied lied light 点燃

38、 lit lit 照亮 lighted lighted lose 丢失 lost lost make 做 made made may 可以 might-mean 意思 meant meant meet 见面 met met melt 熔化 melted melted,melten misdeal 处理不当 misdealt misdealt misgive 担忧 misgave misgiven mislay 放错 mislaid mislaid mislead 欺骗 misled misled mistake 弄错 mistook mistaken misunderstand 误会 misu

39、nderstood misunderstood mow 割草 mowed mowed,mown must 必须 must-ought 应该 ought-outbid 中标 outbade,outbid outbidden,outbid outbreed 超产 outbred outbred outdo 胜过 outdid outdone outeat 多吃 outate outeaten outfight 击败 outfought outfought outgo 支出 outwent outgone outgrow 生长快 outgrew outgrown outlay 花费 outlaid

40、outlaid outride 冲过 outrode outridden outrun 超越 outran outrun outsell 畅销 outsold outsold outshine 亮过 outshone outshone outshoot 发射 outshot outshot outsit 久坐 outsat outsat outspend 花钱过多 outspent outspent outspread 伸展 outspread outspread outthrow 扔出 outthrew outthrown outthrust 刺穿 outthrust outthrust o

41、utwear 用旧 outwore outworn overbear 压抑 overbore overborne overbid 漫天要价 overbid overbidden,overbid overblow 吹过 overblew overblown overbuild 建造过多 overbuilt overbuilt overbuy 买得过贵 overbought overbought overcast 遮蔽 overcast overcast overcome 克服 overcame overcome overdo 做得过分 overdid overdone overdraw 透支 o

42、verdrew overdrawn 不规则动词分词完整版 12 overdrive 超速 overdrove overdriven overeat 吃得太多 overate overeaten overfeed 喂得太多 overfed overfed overfly 飞过 overflew overflown overgrow 过度生长 overgrew overgrown overhang 悬垂 overhung overhung overhear 无意听到 overheard overheard overlade 超载 overladed overladed,overladen over

43、lay 覆盖 overlaid overlaid overleap 跳过 overleapt,overleaped overleapt,overleaped overlie 躺在上面 overlay overlain overpay 付出太多 overpaid overpaid override 藐视 overrode overridden overrun 泛滥 overran overrun oversee 监督 oversaw overseen oversell 卖完 oversold oversold overset 推翻 overset overset oversew 缝合 overs

44、ewed oversewed,oversewn overshoot 打过头 overshot overshot oversleep 睡过头 overslept overslept overspend 过度使用 overspent overspent overspread 扩张 overspread overspread overtake 追上 overtook overtaken overthrow 推倒 overthrew overthrown overwind 旋太紧 overwound overwound overwrite 写得冗长 overwrote overwritten part

45、ake 参与 partook partaken pay 付出 paid paid precast 预计 precast precast prechoose 预选 prechose prechosen prove 证明 proved proved,proven put 放 put put quit 退出 quitted,quit quitted,quit read 读 read read reave 掠夺 reaved,reft reaved,reft rebuild 重建 rebuilt rebuilt recast 重铸 recast recast reeve 贯穿 rove,reeved

46、rove,reeved relay 转送 relaid relaid rend 撕破 rent rent repay 报答 repaid repaid reset 重设定 reset reset retell 重述 retold retold rid 除去 rid,ridded rid,ridded ride 骑 rode ridden ring 响 rang rung 不规则动词分词完整版 13 rise 升起 rose risen rive 扯裂 riven riven,rived run 跑 ran run saw 锯 sawed sawn,sawed say 说 said said s

47、ee 看见 saw seen seek 搜索 sought sought sell 卖 sold sold send 送 sent sent set 设置 set set sew 缝补 sewed sewn,sewed shake 摇晃 shook shaken shall 将 should-shave 剃须 shaved shaved,shaven shear 修剪 sheared shorn,sheared shed 脱落 shed shed shine 照耀 shone,shined shone,shined shoe 穿鞋 shod,shoed shod,shoed shoot 射击

48、shot shot show 展示 showed shown,showed shred 撕碎 shredded,shred shredded,shred shrink 萎缩 shrank,shrunk shrunk,shrunken shrive 忏悔 shrove,shrived shriven,shrived shut 关闭 shut shut sing 唱歌 sang,sung sung sink 下沉 sank,sunk sunk,sunken sit 坐 sat sat slay 残杀 slew slain sleep 睡觉 slept slept slide 滑动 slid sli

49、d,slidden sling 吊起 slung slung slink 潜逃 slunk slunk slit 切开 slit slit smell 闻 smelt,smelled smelt,smelled smite 打击 smote smitten,smote sow 播种 sowed sown,sowed speak 讲话 spoke spoken speed 促进 sped,speeded sped,speeded spell 拼写 spelt,spelled spelt,spelled spend 花钱 spent spent spill 溢出 spilt,spilled spi

50、lt,spilled spin 旋转 spun spun spit 吐 spat,spit spat,spit split 劈开 split split spoil 破坏 spoilt,spoiled spoilt,spoiled spread 散布 spread spread 不规则动词分词完整版 14 spring 弹跳 sprang,sprung sprung stand 站立 stood stood stave 凿孔 staved,stove staved,stove steal 偷窃 stole stolen stick 粘贴 stuck stuck sting 刺激 stung s