高中英语全程复习方略课件：必修4Units.ppt

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1、必修4Units 35话题话题之八之八低碳低碳节节能能三年三年2考考2011江江西西假假设设你你是是星星光光中中学学的的李李华华，将将参参加加主主题题为为“Lets Ride Bicycles”的的英英语语演演讲讲比比赛赛。请请撰撰写写一一份份演演讲讲稿稿，主主要要内内容容包包括括：1目目前前汽汽车车带带来来的的空空气气污污染染和和交交通通堵堵塞塞等等问问题题；2.骑骑自自行行车车的的益益处处，如如节节能能环环保保、有有利利健健康康等等。参参考考词词汇汇：低低碳碳生生活活（low-carbon life）；节节能能（energy saving）注注意意：词词数数：120左右。左右。Good m

2、orning,everyone,I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School.The topic of my speech is“Lets Ride Bicycles”.As is known to us,air pollution and heavy urban traffic are becoming increasingly severe mainly due to the overuse of cars.Therefore,its high time we chose another better means of transport,that is

3、,cycling.There are many good reasons to ride bicycles.First of all,compared to cars,bicycles are much cheaper to buy and maintain,and you dont have all the added costs of fuel and parking.Whats more,bicycles are more environmentally friendly than cars,because they hardly make noises and exhaust.Cycl

4、ing has become a new trend around the world,a good way of energy saving and low-carbon life.Last but not least,cycling is an excellent way to keep fit and live longer.By riding bicycles,you can cut down your risk of heart attacks,high blood pressure and other illnesses.So I think,riding bicycles act

5、ually has great effects on us.Lets ride bicycles from today on!Thank you!1.本本文文为为低低碳碳节节能能类类的的演演讲讲稿稿，话话题题内内容容切切合合中中学学生生生生活活实实际际，且在学生教材中出且在学生教材中出现现多次，很容易完成。多次，很容易完成。第第一一段段说说明明目目前前汽汽车车带带来来的的空空气气污污染染和和交交通通堵堵塞塞等等问问题题，引引出演出演讲话题讲话题“Lets Ride Bicycles”。第二段第二段说说明明骑骑自行自行车车的各种益的各种益处处。第三段第三段发发出呼吁，号召大家从今天开始出呼吁，号

6、召大家从今天开始骑骑自行自行车车。2.全文行文流全文行文流畅畅，句式，句式变变化多化多样样，用，用词词高高级级而地道。而地道。高高级级词词汇汇和和短短语语：increasingly,due to,compared to,maintain,added,environmentally,exhaust,trend,keep fit,cut down。高高级级句句型型（虚虚拟拟语语气气）：Its high time we chose another better means of transport,that is,cycling。语语篇篇过过渡渡语语：therefore,first of all,w

7、hats more,last but not least。【佳作【佳作习习得】得】一句多一句多译译我我们该动们该动身了。身了。1._2._Its high time we set off.Its high time we should set off.写作提升（三）写作提升（三）说说明文明文说说明明文文在在高高考考书书面面表表达达中中经经常常考考查查，它它是是介介绍绍、说说明明客客观观事事物物的的一一种种文文体体。说说明明文文的的最最大大特特点点就就是是用用事事实实说说话话，通通过过介介绍绍使使读读者者获获取取相相关关知知识识。写写说说明明文文时时应应注注意意：目目的的明明确确、事事物物描描写

8、写准准确确详详实实、语语言言简简练练，介介绍绍时时可可按按一一定定的的时时间间、空空间间、结结构或逻辑顺序来写。构或逻辑顺序来写。一一种种名名为为“丽丽影影”的的数数码码（digital）照照相相机机，现现准准备备打打入入国国际际市市场场，请请你用英你用英语为该产语为该产品写一份广告推荐品写一份广告推荐书书。相关相关资资料：料：产产地：中国上海。地：中国上海。生生产产厂家：厂家：乐乐达照相机厂（生达照相机厂（生产产相机相机50余年）。余年）。性性能能特特点点：款款式式新新颖颖、多多样样；体体积积小小，重重量量轻轻，操操作作方方便便，用途多。用途多。价格：是同价格：是同类产类产品价格的品价格的7

9、0%。【审题谋审题谋篇】篇】1.本本篇篇为为说说明明文文，为为生生活活中中常常见见文文体体，目目的的是是向向顾顾客客推推销销一一款数款数码码照相机，并吸引照相机，并吸引顾顾客客们们来来购买购买。2.人称：第三人称人称：第三人称为为主主 3.时态时态：一般：一般现现在在时为时为主主 4.写作要点写作要点 该该数数码码照相机的照相机的产产地地 它的与众不同的特点它的与众不同的特点 该该数数码码照相机的价格照相机的价格优势优势【常用模板】【常用模板】.格式模板格式模板 开开头头：Come to buy.The Liying Digital Camera is.,which.正正文文：It is pr

10、oduced by.It can be used for.small in size and light in weight.As for the price.结结尾：尾：To get more information,you can.or.句式模板句式模板 1.表示表示“的目的的目的”With/For the purpose of.The purpose is that.2.连连接两个并列成分接两个并列成分 not only.but also.not.but.neither.nor.,either.or.3.除除之外之外 apart from in addition to besides【尝

11、试尝试运用】运用】1.它由中国上海它由中国上海乐乐达照相机厂生达照相机厂生产产，该该工厂有工厂有50余年的生余年的生产历产历史，史，经验经验丰富，誉丰富，誉满满全国。全国。It is produced in Shanghai,China,by Leda Camera Factory,which has been making cameras for more than 50 years and enjoys rich experience and good fame.2.除了品除了品质优质优越，越，丽丽影影还还以它以它现现代化的各种各代化的各种各样样的款式吸的款式吸引广大引广大顾顾客。客。一般

12、表达：一般表达：Liying Camera attracts people by its high quality,modern and various models.高高级级表达：表达：Apart from its high quality,Liying Camera attracts people by its modern and various models.3.它不它不仅仅体体积积小，重量小，重量轻轻，而且操作方便，而且操作方便简单简单。It is not only small in size and light in weight,but also youll feel it is

13、 very convenient and easy to use.（用用倒倒装装句句改改写写句子）句子）Not only is it small in size and light in weight,but also youll feel it is very convenient and easy to use.【佳文点睛】【佳文点睛】Come to buy this wonderful camera.The Liying Digital Camera is a newcomer in the camera family.It is produced in Shanghai,China,b

14、y Leda Camera Factory,which has been making cameras for more than 50 years and enjoys rich experience and good fame._ its high quality,Liying Camera attracts people by its modern _various models._ is it small in size and lightApart fromandNot onlyin weight,_ youll feel it is very convenient and easy

15、 to use._,it can be used for different purposes,_,you can use it for art or for ordinary life purpose._ the price,it only costs 70%of that of the same kind of other cameras.Why wait?but alsofor exampleAs forWhats more请请你你为为21st Century写写一一篇篇报报道道，介介绍绍学学校校为为高高三三学学生生创创立立的的“心心灵灵城城堡堡（Soul Castle）”专专栏栏（co

16、lumn），并并谈谈谈谈自自己己的的感想。感想。内容要点包括：内容要点包括：开开设设目的：目的：缓缓解解压压力，确保健康力，确保健康 专栏优势专栏优势：专业专业指指导导 专栏专栏内容：建内容：建议议，心声，心声 你的感想你的感想注意：注意：1.词词数数100120；2.开开头语头语已已为为你写好（不你写好（不计计入入总词总词数）。数）。Our school has set up a column called“Soul Castle”for Senior 3 students._【参考范文】【参考范文】Our school has set up a column called“Soul Cas

17、tle”for Senior 3 Students.It is aimed at relieving pressure and ensuring the health of students.The column has the unique advantage that the experts in psychology can give us the expertise and guidance.It covers the thoughts and feelings of students and the professional suggestions.From my point of

18、view,not only does our school attach importance to our study but also it puts our mental health at the top of the list.It also provides a platform to communicate with teachers and parents.Moreover,we can get help and guidance from professionals to solve our mental problems.With the help of it,we can

19、 take the College Entrance Examination with confidence.非非谓语动词谓语动词动词动词的的-ing形式形式动动词词的的-ing形形式式的的用用法法考考查查常常见见于于高高考考试试题题中中，主主要要考考查查作作宾宾语语以以及及作作定定语语和和状状语语。在在复复习习时时应应该该注注意意以以下下几几个个方方面面：1.掌掌握握动动词词-ing形形式式的的句句法法功功能能；2.掌掌握握动动词词-ing形形式式的的时时态态和和语语态态；3.学会分析句子学会分析句子结结构，分清构，分清动词动词-ing形式的主形式的主动动和被和被动动。1.2011四四川川,

20、2Lydia doesnt feel like _ abroad.Her parents are old.A.studyB.studyingC.studied D.to study【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：莉莉迪迪亚亚不不想想去去国国外外学学习习，她她的的父父母母年年纪纪都都很很大大了了。feel like doing sth.想想做做某某事事，是是固定搭配，故选固定搭配，故选B。2.2011全全国国卷卷,27The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.A.roseB.risingC.to r

21、iseD.risen【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：紧紧接接着着，他他看看到到从从房房子子后后面面升升起起了了烟烟。此此处处rising from behind the house作作定定语语修修饰饰前前面面的的smoke。rise是是不不及及物物动动词词，与与smoke之之间间是是逻逻辑辑上上的的主主动动关关系系，且且强强调调rise这这一一动动作作正正在在发发生生，故故用用v.-ing形形式式。to rise表示动作发生在将来；表示动作发生在将来；risen强调动作的完成。强调动作的完成。3.2011山山东东,27Look over theretheres a

22、very long,winding path _ up to the house.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.to lead【解解析析】选选A。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：看看那那里里有有一一条条长长长长的的蜿蜿蜒蜒的的小小路路通通向向那那所所房房子子。lead to表表示示“通通向向”，该该短短语语与与前前面面的的path之之间间为为主主谓谓关关系系，用用现现在在分分词词作作定定语语，相相当当于于定定语语从句从句.which/that leads up to the house.。4.2011江江西西,32On receiving a phone call fr

23、om his wife _ she had a fall,Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.to say【解解析析】选选C。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：在在接接到到妻妻子子的的电电话话说说她她摔摔倒倒的的时时候候，戈戈登登先先生生立立刻刻从从办办公公室室冲冲回回家家。非非谓谓语语动动词词修修饰饰phone call，前前后后动动词词的的动动作作在在同同一一时时间间发发生生，表表主主动动进进行行用用现现在分词的形式。故选在分词的形式。故选C。5.2011浙浙江江,3Bats

24、are surprisingly long-lived creatures,some _ a life span of around 20 years.A.having B.hadC.have D.to have【解解析析】选选A。考考查查独独立立主主格格结结构构。句句意意：令令人人吃吃惊惊的的是是，蝙蝙蝠蝠是是寿寿命命较较长长的的生生物物，有有些些能能生生存存约约20年年。由由于于题题干干中中逗逗号号后后的的分分句句前前没没有有连连词词，应应该该是是短短语语结结构构，所所以以首首先先排排除除B、C项项，然然后后分分析析该该短短语语结结构构的的逻逻辑辑关关系系，some与与非非谓谓语语动动词词

25、之之间间存存在在主主谓关系，所以选谓关系，所以选A项。项。6.2011辽辽宁宁,30_ around the fire,the tourists danced with the local people.A.Gather B.To gatherC.Gathering D.To be gathering【解解析析】选选C。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：围围着着篝篝火火，游游客客们们和和当当地地人人跳跳起起了了舞舞。分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知gather around the fire作作状状语语，而而且且与与逻逻辑辑主主语语tourists之之间间是是主主谓谓关关系系，要要用用现

26、现在在分分词词形形式式。A项项动动词词原原形形不不能能作作状状语语；B、D两两项项为为不不定定式式作作状状语语，表表目的或意外的结果。目的或意外的结果。7.2011陕陕西西，20More highways have been built in China,_ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.A.making B.madeC.to make D.having made【解解析析】选选A。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：中中国国建建成成了了越越来来越越多多的的公公路路，这这使使得得人人们们异异地地旅

27、旅游游变变得得更更容容易易。句句中中making it much easier.为为非非谓谓语语动动词词短短语语作作结结果果状状语语，现现在在分分词词短短语语作作状状语语,表示自然的结果。表示自然的结果。8.2011湖湖南南，29Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day?A.feel B.to feelC.feeling D.felt【解解析析】选选C。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：你你每每天天早早上上醒醒来来时时都都精精力力充充沛沛，准准备备着着开开始始新新的的一一天天吗吗？现现在在分

28、分词词在在此此作作伴伴随随状状语语，与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。9.2011上海，上海，27Its no use _ without taking action.A.complain B.complaining C.being complained D.to be complained【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：光光抱抱怨怨而而不不采采取取行行动动是是没没用用的的。根根据据固固定定句句型型Its no use doing sth.“做做某某事事没没有有意意义义”可知选可知选B。10.2011江江苏苏,31Recently

29、a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A.compared B.comparingC.compares D.being compared【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：最最近近一一项项调调查查比比较较了了两两个个不不同同超超市市中中相相同同商商品品的的价价格格，这这在在市市民民中中间间引引起起了了激激烈烈的的辩辩论论。分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知主主语语a survey之之后后谓谓语语动动词

30、词has caused之之前前的的部部分分作作定定语语修修饰饰主主语语，且且从从句句意意上上存存在在主主谓谓关关系系，故故选选B项项。A项项表表示示被被动动，C项项为为谓谓语语形形式式，D项项表表示示正正在在进进行行的的被被动动，都都可排除。可排除。11.2011全全国国卷卷,18Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument.A.saysB.saidC.to sayD.saying【解解析析】选选D。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：萨萨拉拉假假装装很很高高兴兴，关关于于争争论论什什么么也也没没说说。say和和逻逻

31、辑辑主主语语Sarah之之间间是是主主谓谓关关系系，故故使使用现在分词用现在分词saying，答案为，答案为D。12.2011上上海海，33At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind,_ that he could do nothing to help.A.to realizeB.realizedC.realizing D.being realized【解解析析】选选C。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：我我一一度度下下定定决决心心和和山山姆姆叔叔叔叔交交谈谈。然然后后，当当意意识识

32、到到他他不不能能帮帮忙忙时时，我我改改变变了了主主意意。I 与与realize之之间间是是主主动动关关系系，因因此此要要用用realizing形形式式表表示示主主动动关关系系，故选故选C。表表1动词动词的的-ing形式的形式的时态时态和和语态语态形式形式主动主动语态语态被动被动语态语态意义意义典句例示典句例示一般式一般式完成式完成式doinghaving done表示表示动动作和作和谓谓语动词动语动词动作同作同时发时发生生 表示表示动动作作发发生生在在谓语动词动谓语动词动作之前作之前 I approved of his taking part in the project.Having fin

33、ished the lessons,all the students went back home.being donehaving been done特特别别提提醒醒1.动词动词need,require,want作作“需要需要”解解时时，其后必，其后必须须用用动动名名词词的主的主动动形式或不定形式或不定式的被式的被动动形式作形式作宾语宾语，表示，表示某事需要被做。某事需要被做。The window needs/wants/requires cleaning/to be cleaned.窗窗户户需需要擦一下。要擦一下。特特别别提提醒醒2.be worth后必后必须须用用动动名名词词的主的主动动

34、形式表示被形式表示被动动含含义义。The place is worth visiting.这这个地方个地方值值得参得参观观。特特别别提提醒醒3.有些有些动词动词如如admit,forget,remember,deny,apologize,regret,thank等以及等以及after等等介介词词后的后的动动名名词词可用一般式可用一般式表达完成式的意表达完成式的意义义。I forgot meeting her in 1990.我忘我忘记记了曾在了曾在1990年年见过见过她。她。表表2动词的动词的-ing-ing形式的功能形式的功能成分成分主要用法主要用法典句例示典句例示主语主语常用于以下句型：常

35、用于以下句型：It is/was+no use/good+doing sth.=It is/was not any use/good doing sth.It is/was of little use/good doing sth.=It is/was useless doing sth.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of little good staying up too late every day.成分成分主要用法主要用法典句例示典句例示宾语宾语只只能能跟跟-ing形形式式作作宾宾语语的的动动词词或或动动词词短短语语：admit,a

36、ppreciate,avoid,consider(考考虑虑),dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,forgive,finish,imagine,mind,miss(错错 过过)，practise,risk,suggest,be used to(习习惯惯于于)，cant help(禁不住禁不住)，cant stand(无无法法忍忍受受)，give up,feel like,keep on,insist on,lead to,look forward to等等I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.I

37、can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.成分成分主要用法主要用法典句例示典句例示表语表语同位语同位语说说明主明主语语的具体内容的具体内容Her job is giving piano lessons to children.补补充充说说明前面名明前面名词词或代或代词词的内容的内容His chief hobby,sailing a boat,cost him most of his salary.成分成分主要用法主要用法典句例示典句例示定定语语宾语补宾语补足语足语1.动动名名词词：表示被修：表

38、示被修饰饰的名的名词词的用的用途和性能。途和性能。2.现现在分在分词词：相当于一个定：相当于一个定语语从从句句,强强调经调经常性状常性状态态或或动动作的作的进进行。行。单单个分个分词词要前置，短要前置，短语语要后置。要后置。He is swimming in a swimming pool.The houses being built are for the teachers.1.宾语宾语与与v.-ing形式有主形式有主谓谓关系；关系；2.v.-ing形式所表示的形式所表示的动动作正在作正在进进行。行。Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.

39、成分成分主要用法主要用法典句例示典句例示状状语语1.一般式一般式与句中主与句中主语语构成构成逻辑逻辑上的主上的主谓谓关系，与句中关系，与句中谓语动谓语动作同作同时发时发生或在其后生或在其后发发生。生。2.完成式完成式与句中主与句中主语语构成构成逻辑逻辑上的主上的主谓谓关系，先于关系，先于谓语动谓语动作作发发生。生。Hearing the news,they got excited.Having been bitten by a snake,she was frightened at it.特特别别提提醒醒1.动词动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前加形式的否定形式是在其前加not。2.动词动词-

40、ing形式的复合形式的复合结结构充当主构充当主语时语时只能用只能用sb.s doing sth.,而充当而充当宾语时宾语时，sb.s/sb.doing sth.两者都能使用。两者都能使用。Xiao Wangs coming late made his teacher very angry.All of us understood Mikes/Mike/him/his not being admitted to Shandong University.3.动词动词-ing形式的一些常形式的一些常见结见结构构(1)generally/frankly/personally speaking,judg

41、ing from/by,considering,speaking of等没有形式的等没有形式的变变化，即不需要考化，即不需要考虑虑与其与其逻辑逻辑主主语语的关系。的关系。(2)There is no point in doing sth.做某事无意做某事无意义义。(3)There is no possibility of doing sth.不可能做某事。不可能做某事。1.2012成成都都模模拟拟As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _,and asked myself what I was going to do.A.moved

42、B.movingC.to moveD.being moved【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：当当交交通通灯灯变变绿绿时时，我我站站了了一一会会儿儿，一一动动不不动动，问问自自己己我我要要干干什什么么。I 与与move之之间间为为主主动关系，故用现在分词。动关系，故用现在分词。2.2012嘉嘉 兴兴 模模 拟拟 Scientists have created the worlds smallest“snowman”_about a fifth of the width of a human hair.A.measures B.measuring C.measured

43、D.to measure【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：科科学学家家们们制制造造了了世世界界上上最最小小的的“雪雪人人”，宽宽度度是是人人的的一一根根头头发发的的五五分分之之一一。measure 在在句句中中表表示示“量量度度为为”，snowman和和measure之之间间是是主主谓谓关关系系，故用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语的状况。故用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语的状况。3.2012济济南南模模拟拟Microblogs experienced rapid growth in 2010 in China,with the number of microblo

44、g operators,users and visitors _ several times.A.to increase B.increasingC.increased D.increase【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。后后半半句句是是with复复合合结结构构，意意在在表表明明微微博博的的经经营营者者、使使用用者者和和访访问问者者的的数数量量增增加加了了好好几几倍倍。宾宾语语与与increase之之间间是是主主谓谓关关系系，表表示示状状态态的的持持续续，故故用用动动词词的的现现在分词形式。在分词形式。4.2012宝宝鸡鸡模模拟拟A terrible air crash ha

45、ppened over the Atlantic Ocean,_ 150 passengers.A.killing B.having killedC.killed D.to kill【解解析析】选选A。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：一一场场可可怕怕的的飞飞机机坠坠毁毁事事故故在在大大西西洋洋上上空空发发生生了了，150名名乘乘客客遇遇难难。根根据据语语意意，此此处处要要用用现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语。5.2012北北京京模模拟拟_ many failures,I have the courage to meet all challenges.A.Having ex

46、perienced B.To experienceC.Experienced D.Experience【解解析析】选选A。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：经经历历了了很很多多次次失失败败后后，我我有有勇勇气气面面对对所所有有的的挑挑战战。I和和experience是是主主谓谓关关系系，故故应应用用现现在在分分词词形形式式作作状状语语。又又因因experience这这一一动动作作发发生生在在have the courage之前，故用现在分词的完成式，故选之前，故用现在分词的完成式，故选A。6.Little Tom admitted _ in the shop,_ that he woul

47、dnt do that in future.A.to have stolen;promisingB.stealing;promisedC.to stealing;promisedD.having stolen;promising【解解析析】选选D。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。第第一一空空admitted后后面面应应该该用用动动名名词词，排排除除A、C两两项项，第第二二空空promising是是现现在在分分词词作作状状语语，与与其逻辑主语其逻辑主语Little Tom之间是主谓关系，据此选之间是主谓关系，据此选D。7._ himself in carrying out an experimen

48、t,he cant spare time to look after his children.A.Occupied B.OccupyingC.Having occupied D.Having been occupied【解解析析】选选B。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：由由于于忙忙于于进进行行实实验验，他他抽抽不不出出时时间间照照顾顾孩孩子子。he与与occupy为为逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓关关系系，故故用用现在分词短语作原因状语。现在分词短语作原因状语。8.2012长长春春模模拟拟I dont regret _ her what I thought even if it might

49、 upset her.A.to tell B.to have toldC.having told D.tell【解解析析】选选C。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：尽尽管管可可能能让让她她伤伤心心，我我不不后后悔悔告告诉诉了了她她我我所所想想的的。regret doing sth.后后悔悔做做过过某某事事；regret to do sth.很遗憾要做某事。很遗憾要做某事。9.2012温温州州模模拟拟Despite a strong wind,children are still looking forward_the outdoor activity at the weekend.A.t

50、o canceling B.not to cancelingC.not to cancel D.to not canceling【解解析析】选选D。考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词。句句意意：尽尽管管风风大大，孩孩子子们们还还是是期期盼盼着着不不要要取取消消周周末末的的户户外外活活动动。look forward to期期盼盼，to为为介介词词，因因此此后后面面用用动动名名词词，动动名名词词的的否否定定形形式式是是在在动动名名词词前前面面加加not。10.Yue Yue,a two-year-old girl,was left _on a street after _by a van in Fosh