高中英语易混词汇辨析.ppt

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1、高中英语易混词高中英语易混词汇辨析（一）汇辨析（一）原创a bit,a littlev肯定句中，表“一点”，两者可互换。但否定式意义不同：not a bit=not at all一点也不；not a little=very很、非常。v-Would you mind my opening the window?-_.vA.not a bit B.Yes,not a little C.Yes,help yourself D.Never mind v答案(A)ability,capacity,capabilityvability 指人们现有的能力、学习能力或技能。vcapacity指容纳能力、容量。

2、vcapability指实际能力或潜在能力。vThe premier is a man of immense _.vChinas nuclear _ is only for defence purpose.vMy teacher has the _ to speak three foreign languages.v(capacity;capability;ability)above all,first of all,at all,after allvafter all意为“要知道，别忘了”时，位于句首，用来说明或提醒对方，引出对方似乎忘记了的某个重要论点或理由。意为“虽然，但毕竟”之意时，位

3、于句末，表和预期的情况相反，说话人有转折之意。vabove all 指“首先，最重要的是”，说明事物的重要性。vfirst of all“首先，第一”，说明事物的排列顺序或优先程度。vat all与not连用时意为“一点也不”，用于疑问/肯定/条件句时，意为“真的，的确”。vWe mustnt waste anything and _ we mustnt waste time in our life.vIn my opinion,you shouldnt blame him,_ he is only a child.vDo you know the answer _?vStephen Chow

4、 is a successful director,but _ he is an excellent actor.v(above all;after all;at all;first of all accept,receivevaccept 一般指经过考虑后接受某物或某事；但有时也指“承认”，而非明确地“同意”。receive 仅指客观地收到某物，或别人所说、所写的东西。vI received her invitation,but I havent decided whether to accept it or not.accomplish,achieve,fulfill,finish完成va

5、ccomplish指为执行某种计划或达到某种目的而努力地、坚持不懈地工作。vachieve含越过重重障碍去完成值得去做的事，或重要的事。vfulfill指完全实现人们所期望/要求做的事。vAs a person,I should _ my promise.vThe soldiers sent to Indonesia have to _ the mission.vWhat we do is to _ lasting peace.v(fulfil;accomplish;achieve)ache,pain,suffering,vache指一种持续的隐隐之痛，常表人体局部疼痛,可与表痛的部位的名词连

6、用。vShe often suffers from headache/toothache/backache/stomachache.vpain指肉体和精神上具有一定程度的疼痛，常指严重的伤痛或悲痛。表辛劳、努力时用复数。Doctor,Ive got a pain here.vsuffering指一段时间内，精神和肉体上的痛苦。vThe parents caused Little Tom great mental suffering by divorce.vhurt vi.表肉体指肉体和精神上具有一定程度的疼痛。vt.受伤vMy left leg is broken.It really hurt

7、s.act,action,deed vact指“行为”时，指一时的简单动作，特别强调行动的过程；有时也指由一个人或一群人来完成，不受动机，自然和结果的限制。常用短语有：act as“担任”，指代为行使某人的权力，而不任命为某职；“扮演”。act for“担任”，指完全代替某人的职位。vaction意为“行动”时，指一段时间的延续行为，由简单动作组成的复杂动作。常用短语有：take action 采取行动；in action在活动中。vdeed有时可指不论大小、好坏的行为，但多数情况下指需要高度的勇气、智慧、力量或技巧才能完成的行为；如：a heroic deed英雄行为。vHelping a

8、blind man across the road is an _ of kindness.vThe machine is not in _.vI _ him as he was busy.v(act;action;acted as)address,speech,lecturevaddress指正式的精心准备的讲话。vspeech是普通字眼，可以是有准备的，也可是即席发表的讲话。vlecture指经仔细准备的讲话，旨在给听众信息或教诲。vThe chairman is about to _ the meeting in a minute.vThe professor is preparing

9、a _ to a college class.v(address;lecture)alive,live,living,livelyvalive“活着的，还出气的”，作表语或后置定语。vWhen he reached the hospital,his grandpa was still alive.vlive“活的，有生命的”，作前置定语，主要用来指动物，或表现场直播的节目(表转播时用：recorded)。a live fish/concert vliving 指人或动物活着、健在。还指事物现在还被使用。与the连用表活着的一类。vMy grandma is still living at th

10、e age of 93.vlively指活泼的，生机勃勃的，作形式表语、定语，指人或物。She has a lively mind vThe enemy captain was caught _.vAre there any _ things on the moon?v(alive;living)another day,one day,some day,the other day,in the past/last few daysvanother day“改日（用于将来时）”vone day“（总）有一天（用于过去时或将来时）”vsome day“总有一天（用于将来时）”vthe other

11、day“几天前的一天”vin the past/last few days“近几天（与完成时连用）”anxious,eager veager“渴望的，热切的”，着重指渴望什么或做什么的热情及迫切的心情，即“成功的期望或进取的热情”；+for/to do。vanxious“焦急的，发愁的，牵挂的”，含有未知结果如何，有些为之担心的意味;+for(about)/to do。vThey are _ for success.vWe are _ for the new president to make us a speech in public.vHe is _ to know the result

12、of the exam.v(eager;eager;anxious)arrive,reach,getvarrive vi.指到达指定地点（大地点用in，小地点用at）。arrival n.vreach vt.后不跟随介词，指抵达某地或达成某种协议，或表“接触到、够到”。vget vi.表“到达”时，若跟随名词，应用to，若跟随副词，则不带to。vThey _ at the station on time.vShe_ London at sunset.vThe apples are too high to _.vWe_ to New York at last.vThey finally _ an

13、 agreement after discussion.v(arrived;reached;reach;got;reached as,for,since,because because since as for vfor是并列连词，连接并列句，引导的句子放在后面（不能放在句首），且有逗号隔开表示附带说明的理由或推断的理由。作为介词表原因时，常和名词reason,动词praise,thank,scold,apologize,excuse,或形容词sorry,angry 等连用。vsince是从属连词，表关系上的自然结果，原因一般很明显，往往是双方都知道的原因，其从句可放在主句前后，常放在主句前。

14、vas也是从属连词，语意较弱，口语中常省略，其从句位于主句前或后。vbecause语意较强，表直接的原因或理由，是因果的必然推断，它引导的状语从句可放在主句前或后；用于回答why提的问句。在强调句型里，只能用because从句。v在含as,since的句子中，全句的重点在主句的内容，因为其理由或原因在说话人看来因内、已经很明显，或已为听话人熟悉。它们引导的从句只是一种附带的说明原因不是对原因的强调。vThe light went out,_ the oil was out.vThe oil must be out,_ the light went out.v_ there was nothin

15、g else to do,we left early.v(because,for,Since)as soon as,oncevas soon as 强调时间的连接；once则带有条件意味，“一旦就”。v _ you begin,you should do it well.v_ I got there,I rang home.v(Once,As soon as)as well,too,either,alsovalso用于肯定句，即可表示两人做了同样的事，也可表示一个人做了两件事，常位于动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前，在表示强调是，也可放在助动词和情态动词之前。vtoo也用在肯定句中，可

16、放在句中或句末。veither用于否定句，只用于句末。vas well常用于口语，用法和一样，常放在句末。但在以下情况用toov含责备、抱怨或规劝类的句中，若句子本身以否定的形式来表达肯定的意思时；vCant you see Ive got teeth,too?v在表示建议、邀请时，若句子是否定形式，肯定意义；vWouldnt you like a cup of juice,too?v3）反义疑问句中若主体句是肯定句，否定式的反意问句不影响整句的肯定意义，那么，主体句用too;They attended the meeting too,didnt they?v在具有否定意义的否定句中，否定词前

17、可用too，但更常用noteither。vI wouldnt do that and he wouldnt either.v5）虽在否定词后，但否定词只否定某个词或短语，而不影响全句的肯定意义时，一般用too.Nor tasty dinner to have is necessary,too ask,beg,demand,require,request,claimvask 表（期望答复地）请求。vbeg 指低声下气地乞求、恳求。vdemand（来自权威方面不打折地）要求、命令。vrequire（按法律规章）要求、命令。vrequest（语气谦恭地）请求、恳求。vclaim（根据法律、权利）要求

18、占有。vThe boy _ his mother not to punish him.vMay I _ you a question?vEvery citizen may _ the protection of the law.vThe policeman _ his name and address.v(begged,ask,claim,demand)always,usually,frequently,oftenvalways总是、永远，强调不间断；usually常常、通常，强调习惯、不例外；frequently经常、时常，强调重复间断；often常与frequently换用，意义相近。vI

19、 _ go to school at 7:00.vGravity _ keeps everything on earth.vIt rains very _ here in spring.vI hope I can use the phrase _.v(usually,always,often,frequently)alone,lonelyvalone,adj.作表语“孤独/单的”不带感情色彩，(=by oneself without others);adv.作状语，“单独一人”（放在动词后）vLeave me alone.别管我。vlonely adj.“孤独的，寂寞的”，指人，：表主观上孤独

20、寂寞，渴望有伴；指地方，表“人迹罕至的”、“荒凉的”作表语和定语。vThere,far from here,you can find _ island on which several old men are living _.v(a lonely,alone)appear,look,seem 看来、似乎vappear和 look 都是凭视觉的印象产生的一种看法，但这种看法可能和实际不符合；seem 是以客观的迹象为依据。vappear/seem+to do/that clause;look/seem+as if-clause;seem/look+like phrase.vShe _ to h

21、ave said so.vWhy do you _ so upset?vIt _ like a vase.v(seems,appear,looks)almost,most,nearly，mostlyvalmost和 nearly“几乎、差不多”，almost(=very nearly)比nearly更接近、语气更强。在否定词前需用almost，但表示“远非、相差很远”时，只说not nearlyvmost adj.“大多数”;adv.1）修饰 形容词，表示“很”(=very)；2）用在多音节词前，构成最高级。mostly adv.(=mainly)“大体上，主要地、大部分”vThe house

22、s in this area are _ built of brick and cement.v_ no person can do it.vIts not _ so easy as you think.vAudrey Hepburn is a _ beautiful actress.v(mostly,Almost,nearly,most)answer,reply,respondvanswer是常用语，较通俗；指根据情况所要求的来说、写或采取行动。vvt.回答answer(=reply to)sb/a question；接(电话等)answer the phone n.“答案”vreply 比

23、较庄重，多用于书面语；严格地用于对所问的问题作出满意和详尽的回答。常见的搭配是：reply to sb/a question,reply+that-clause。vrespond指自愿地或本能地作出的适当反应 affect,effect,effortvaffect vt.影响、作用，常常暗示某种变化，对象是人时，可指思想上、感情上的变化；effect n.影响、效果，常用于have a good/bad/deep effect on sb./sth.；veffort n.(C)努力、成果,常用于make an effort to do.vThe wounded soldier made an _ to stand up when he saw the officer come in.v(effort)