高中英语语法名词从句.ppt

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1、Noun Clause名词性从句名词性从句复习复习1：句子成份：句子成份第一种第一种S+VShepromised(yesterday).(主语主语+谓语谓语动词动词)+状语状语第二种：第二种：S+V+OShedreameda(good)dream.(主语主语+谓语动词（谓语动词（+定语定语）+宾语宾语)第三种：第三种：S+V+PSheremainedcalm.(主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语)第四种：第四种：S+V+InO+DOMr.Smith,(theheadmaster,)toldusthenews.(主语主语（+同位语同位语）+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语)

2、第五种：第五种：S+V+O+OCIfindthebookinteresting.(主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补语宾语补语)复习2.主语1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）（名词）2.We often speak English in class.（代词）（代词）3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）（数词）4.To swim in the river is a great pleasu

3、re.（不定式）（不定式）5.Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）（动名词）6.The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）（名词化的形容词）7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）（主语从句）复习3.表语1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）（形容词）

4、4.The speech is exciting.（现在分词或过去分词的形容词）（现在分词或过去分词的形容词）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）（数词）6.His job is to teach English.（不定式：说明主语内容）（不定式：说明主语内容）7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词：说明主语内容）（动名词：说明主语内容）8.The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Time is up.The class is over.（副词）10.The t

5、ruth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）复习复习3：宾语：宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）（名词）2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）（代词）3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（数词）（数词）4.They helped the old with th

6、eir housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）（名词化形容词）5.He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）（动名词短语）7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）（宾语从句）复习4同位语1.Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.（名词）（名词）2.He is a good teacher,one we all respect.（代词（代词one）3.

7、They both agree on the price.（代词（代词bothalleach）4.The thought that we might succeed excited us.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。等少数名词

8、。区别定语从句和同位语从句区别定语从句和同位语从句.Thenews（thattheyhadwonthegame）soonspreadoverthewholeschool.同位语从句同位语从句Thenews（thatyoutoldmeyesterday）wasreallydisappointing.定语从句定语从句一一.认识名词性从句认识名词性从句 a.subject clause主语从句主语从句 b.object clause 宾语从句宾语从句c.predicative clause 表语从句表语从句 d.appositive clause(同位语从句同位语从句)1.The fact that

9、 Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.2.The result of so much French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table,animal and age.3.Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.4.That most of these are now threatened and

10、 may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.Appositive clause同位语同位语Predicative clause表语从句表语从句Object clause宾语从句宾语从句Subject clause主语从句主语从句二、名词性从句的连接词二、名词性从句的连接词连接词连接词在名词性从句中在名词性从句中可充当的成份可充当的成份在名词性从句中在名词性从句中的意义的意义第一第一类类that不充当不充当无意义无意义whether不充当成份不充当成份“是否是否”if不充当成份不充当成份“是否是否”that1.Thath

11、eisreadytohelpothersiswell-known.(that引导名词性从句，在从句中没有含义，不充当成分，引导名词性从句，在从句中没有含义，不充当成分，不能省略。不能省略。)2.Itswell-knownthatheisreadytohelpothers.(形式主语形式主语it代替代替that-clause)3.Afterchecking(that)thelightshadallbeenturnedoffandthatthedoorshadbeenclosed,heleft.（引导第一个宾语从句的引导第一个宾语从句的that可省可省）4.The idea that comput

12、ers will recognize human voices surprises many people.5.The idea is that computers will recognize human voices.(引引导导同位同位语语从句和表从句和表语语从句的从句的that不能省不能省)Whether 和 if 是否1.1.WhetherWhether she is coming she is coming（or not or not）doesnt doesnt matter too much.matter too much.主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句 （whether or

13、notwhether or not）2.Our first question is 2.Our first question is whetherwhether you like musicyou like music.表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句3.I wonder 3.I wonder whether/ifwhether/if it is true or not it is true or not.宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句4.The problem 4.The problem whetherwhether it is right or wrong it is right or

14、wrong has has not yet been decided.not yet been decided.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句 Whether orWhether orWhether与 if的同与异whether 和和 if 引导宾语从句时可以互换引导宾语从句时可以互换使用使用但但 下列情况只用下列情况只用whether不用不用if:1）在whether or not结构中a.Idontknowwhetherornothellcome.B.Iwonderwhether/ifitistrueornot.（2）介词介词+宾语从句宾语从句”Everything depend

15、s on whether the situation will improve.(3)whether+to doa.Pleasetellmewhether/ifyouwillgoornot宾语从句（连接词宾语从句（连接词+主语主语+谓语）谓语）非谓语作宾语非谓语作宾语(连接词连接词+不定式不定式)b.Pleasetellmewhethertogoornot.（4）引导主语从句）引导主语从句,表语从句及同位语从句时表语从句及同位语从句时1.1.WhetherWhether wellgowellgodependsonthedependsontheweather.weather.2.Thequest

16、ioniswhetheritisworthdoing.3.Thequestionwhetheritisworthdoingisunderconsideration.第二类名词性从句连接词在从句中能充当的成份在从句中能充当的成份意义意义主主宾宾表表定定第二类第二类连接词连接词whatwhatever1类别类别2.所所.（指物）（指物）whichwhichever哪一个哪一个(有范围有范围)（指人或物）（指人或物）whowhoever指人指人whomwhomever指人指人whose所属关系所属关系what1.Whatitistobecomeisstillunknown.表语表语2.Iamwond

17、eringwhatbecameofyou.3.Ihavenoideawhatbooksheiswriting.定语定语4.Thatwaswhatshedidthismorning.宾语宾语主语主语what that whether1._ surprised me most was _ he had become so old.2._ the earth turns around the sun is known to all.3._ she bought yesterday was quite cheap.4.Great changes have taken place in my homet

18、own.It isnt _it used to be.5.The police questioned _ there was any witness.whatWhatwhatthatThatwhetherWhich1.There are so many people inside.I dont know which is the one you are looking for.主语主语2.What I am considering is which book on the shelf will interest you.3.Tell me whichyou prefer,yellow or r

19、ed.宾语宾语4.please make sure which your seat is.表语表语定语定语Who:指人，主、宾(=whom)、表1.Whobrokethewindowisnotknown.who引导主语从句引导主语从句who在从句中充当主语在从句中充当主语2.Theproblemiswhoheis.who引导表语从句引导表语从句who在从句中充当表语在从句中充当表语3.Whatshewonderedwaswho(m)Iknow.who(m)引导表语从句引导表语从句who(m)在从句中充当宾语在从句中充当宾语Whose:whose+名词+(主)+谓1.Whosepronuncia

20、tionisthebestisanopensecret.2.Theproblemiswhosepronunciationisthebest.3.Theproblemwhosepronunciationisthebestisbeyondconsideration.4.Idontknowwhosepronunciationisthebest.What 和whatever异：意义不同异：意义不同-ever泛指或强调任何泛指或强调任何.的事物或人的事物或人;凡是凡是.的东西（人）的东西（人）1.Youmustntdowhateverisbadforthecountry.2.Whatyoudidiswr

21、ong.3.Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillbepunished.4.Theteacherwillfindoutwhobroketherules.Whatever 和no matter what1.Iagreewithwhateveryousay.Whatever引导名词性从句引导名词性从句,nomatterwhat2.Whateveryousay,Iwillagree.whatever引导状语从句，引导状语从句，=nomatterwhat第三类连接词在从句中充在从句中充当的成份当的成份意义意义第三第三类类when状语状语时间时间where状语状语/表语表语地点地

22、点why状语状语原因原因how状语状语方式方式when where how why1.(_heworks)isnotfarfromhere.2.-Doyouknow(_hecamehere)?-Bybus.3.Heaskedme_Igraduatedfromuniversity.4.Heiscuriousabout_Igaveupthewell=paidjob.Wherehowwhenwhy第四类连接词在从句中充当的成份在从句中充当的成份备注备注第第四四类类what不充当成份不充当成份引导的感叹句放在名词从句引导的感叹句放在名词从句位置上位置上howHowmuchHowmanyHowoften

23、HowsoonHowfarHowlong定语定语/主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语定语定语/主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语状状状状状状状状Howmuch+不可数名词不可数名词Howmany+复数名词复数名词多久一次（表频度）多久一次（表频度）多久以后（问将来时间）多久以后（问将来时间）多远多远多久，多长多久，多长because不充当成份不充当成份This/ThatisbecauseIaminterestedinit.asifasthough不充当成份不充当成份Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.感叹句放在名词从句位置上1.Canyouimaginewhatadifficultlif

24、etheyareliving?2.CanyouimaginewhattroubleIhave?3.Canyouimaginewhatdifficultieswehave?4.Canyouimaginehowdifficultalifetheyareliving?5.Canyouimaginehowfasthecanrun?6.canyouimaginehowhardlifeis?区别区别Thisisbecause-clause和和Thisiswhy-clauseThereasonisthat-clause1.Heisill.Thatswhyheisabsentfromschooltoday.原

25、因。原因。Thatswhy+结果结果2.Heisabsent.Thatsbecauseheisill.结果。结果。Thatsbecause+原因原因3.Thereason(whyheisabsent)isthatheisill.Thereason(why-clause)isthat-clausewhy+结果结果that+原因原因三、名词性从句的语序问题三、名词性从句的语序问题WhatIhavesaidisbasedonfacts.从句语序从句语序1.连接词连接词+主主+谓谓+其它其它Whateverisagainstlawisbanned.从句语序从句语序2.连接词连接词+谓谓+其它其它Tru

26、e or FalseIdidntknowwhatthematterwaswithher.FalseIdidntknowwhatwasthematterwithher.四、主谓一致问题Thathesurvivedtheaircrashisluck.1.单个从句做主语表单数概念谓语用单数单个从句做主语表单数概念谓语用单数Whenwewillsetoutandhowwewillgotherehaventbeendecided.2.两个从句做主语，谓语动词用复数两个从句做主语，谓语动词用复数When and where he was born has not been found out.3.两个连接

27、词引导一个从句，单数谓语a.Whathesaidistrue.b.WhatIboughtarethreeEnglishbooks.4.what/who引导的主语从句引导的主语从句,在主系表结在主系表结构中，要根据表语判断具体所指。构中，要根据表语判断具体所指。五.it充当形式主语或形式宾语1._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.This答案是：答案是：BIt作作形式主语形式主语1.Ifindhowwewillgetthereontimeaproblem.主主+谓谓+宾从宾从

28、+补补2.Ifinditaproblemhowwewillgetthereontime.主主+谓谓+it+补补+宾从宾从It作作形式宾语形式宾语1.Iknowwhenthemeetingwillrestart.2.Doyouknowwhenthemeetingwillrestart.Doyouknow连接词连接词+主主+谓？谓？3.Whendoyouthinkthemeetingwillrestart？连接词连接词doyouthink主主+谓谓（thinksupposebelieveimagine)六名词性从句转换成非谓语动词sheaskedwhatshewilldonextSheaskedwhattodonext.Whenwewillsetouthasntbeendecided.Whentosetouthasntbeendecided.名词从句名词从句转换成转换成连接词连接词+todo七、名词性从句还可做宾补Wewillmakehimwhateverheisfitfor.Hehasmadethecompanywhatitis.