高级英语第一册第二课.ppt

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1、Detailed study of paragraph 6-22n That is not here,sir,he said in English.The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners on the restaurant boat.See?This is where it is.”He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation.n1：sketch vt.to draw roughly and quickly with outlines

2、 but little detail nHe quickly sketched the view from the window.n他很快勾勒出窗外的风景。他很快勾勒出窗外的风景。n2：sketch（sth）out:概述、简述概述、简述nShe sketched out her plan for tackling the problem.n她简要叙述了解决问题的计划。她简要叙述了解决问题的计划。n3:sketch in：补补充充说说明明，给给补补充充细细节节nYou need to sketch in his character a little more.n对他的性格，你应该刻画地更详尽一些

3、。对他的性格，你应该刻画地更详尽一些。n 1:预料；预期预料；预期nThe chairman of the committee expects to be back next Thursday.n委员会主席预计下星期四回来。委员会主席预计下星期四回来。nThe first message is expected to arrive at 7 oclock this evening.n第一次信息预计在今晚第一次信息预计在今晚7点到达。点到达。n2：期期待待 expect sth.of/from sb.对对.的的期期望望要求要求nMost of the parents expect much of

4、 their children.n大多数父母都对自己的子女寄予很大希望。大多数父母都对自己的子女寄予很大希望。nexpect sb.to be 期望某人成为期望某人成为.nhe expects his son to be a doctorn3：认为：认为nWho broke that cup?I expect it was the cat.n“谁打破了杯子？谁打破了杯子？”我看是猫打破的。我看是猫打破的。n4：习惯用语：习惯用语nbe expecting 怀孕怀孕nHis wife was expecting.n他的妻子当时正怀孕。他的妻子当时正怀孕。nexpect from 期望期望(某人某

5、人)会作出会作出(某事某事)nexpect much from sb 对某人抱有很大期望对某人抱有很大期望 nexpect of 期望期望(某人某人)会作出会作出(某事某事)n表语从句 连接副词where,when,how,why。n如：The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。nThanks to his map,I was able to find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canal embankment,where a sort of barge with a roof li

6、ke one on a Japanese house was moored.nParaphrase:Thanks to the clear and simple sketch the usher made for me,the taxi driver was able to take me straight to the canal bank.A large flat-bottomed boat was there which had a roof like that of a Japanese house.nThe Japanese build their traditional house

7、s on boats when land becomes too expensive.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.nParaphrase:It was a very special and striking phenomeon that the small old Ja

8、panese houses mixed with the high beige buildings made of concrete,and the traditional kimono mixed with the mondern western suits.n作者首先使用作者首先使用Little old Japan代指代指small old Japanese houses。是提喻（。是提喻（synecdoche）中）中用整体指代部分的用法。而后，用整体指代部分的用法。而后，the kimono 指指代传统文化，代传统文化，the miniskirt 指代现代意识，为换指代现代意识，为换喻喻

9、(metonymy).metonymy是用某事物的名称来是用某事物的名称来代表一个更一般，又密切相关的事物。而提喻是代表一个更一般，又密切相关的事物。而提喻是部分代替整体或整体代替部分，这两个修辞格都部分代替整体或整体代替部分，这两个修辞格都和汉语中的借代相对。和汉语中的借代相对。n如：如：She was a girl who excited the emotions,but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.(换喻换喻)n她是个动人的姑娘，可我绝不会让感情左右我的她是个动人的姑娘，可我绝不会让感情左右我的理智理智nIt was report

10、ed that China beat Korea in a soccer game yesterday.(提喻提喻)n报道说韩国足球队昨天击败了中国足球队报道说韩国足球队昨天击败了中国足球队n1：Thanks to这个短语表示原因，意为这个短语表示原因，意为“由于由于”、“多多亏亏”，to表示感谢的对象。如表示感谢的对象。如 Thanks to the English language，we can learn a lotfrom other countries由于英语这门语言，我们能从其它国家学到很多东西。由于英语这门语言，我们能从其它国家学到很多东西。n2：thanks for是客套用语，

11、是客套用语，thanks相当于相当于 thank you，意为意为“因因而感谢，而感谢，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或词或v-ing。Thanks for your help谢谢你的帮助。谢谢你的帮助。Thanks for inviting us to your birthday party谢谢你谢谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会邀请我们参加你的生日聚会nbarge:a large low boat with a flat bottom,used mainly for carrying heavy goods on a canal or rivernmoor:vt.

12、to fasten(a ship,boat)to land,to the bed of the sea,etc.by means of ropes,chains and an anchor,etc.nWe moored off the north coast of the island.我我们们停停泊泊在在岛岛屿屿北部的岸边北部的岸边n arresting:adj.striking,attracting and holding attention.This word adds to striking the suggestion of capturing attention 引人注意的引人注意

13、的 很有吸引力的很有吸引力的nan arresting beauty/storyn1:arrestn vt.to catch and fix(esp.sb.s attention)nThe bright lights arrest the boys attention.n2:arrest sb.(for)nA man has been arrested in connection with robbery.一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。n3：to stop a prosess or development 中止中止nThey failed to arr

14、est the companys decline.n他们未能阻止公司的衰落。他们未能阻止公司的衰落。nincessant:never stopping.The word implies ceaseless or uninterrupted activitynincessant noiserainchattern不间断的噪音不间断的噪音阴雨阴雨絮叨絮叨nthe incessant flow of traffic across the bridgen桥上川流不息的人群桥上川流不息的人群nAt the door to the restaurant,a stunning,porcelain-faced

15、 woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes.nParaphrase：A very charming Japanese woman whose face was as white and smooth as porelain was standing at the door to the restaurant and she asked me to take off my shoes before getting in.日本的传统化妆术，白、红、黑三色构造脸部彩妆；天然红花唇彩，传统化妆品成为时尚宠儿日本的传统化妆术是传统文

16、化的一个重要部分，表现最突出的就是艺妓脸上精雕细琢的浓妆，妆后几乎看不出任何喜怒哀乐的面容，也成为艺妓的神秘之处。模特脸上敷上一种可溶于水的白色粉末，跟现在女士们做的面膜很类似。不过，眼睛、嘴唇、脖子也得全都敷满。最后看起来犹如雕饰华美的人偶一般。一点红色的点缀能使嘴唇显得分外迷人，而这种红色并不布满整个嘴唇，而是小于嘴唇的轮廓，只占到唇部的四分之三左右，即是所谓的“樱桃小嘴”。现在这种手法在传统舞台表演中还能看到，比如歌舞伎和日本舞。传统化妆术的手法承袭了历史，所用的原料也跟几百年前一样，都是从植物中天然萃取，不仅对人体无害，而且还有美容和护肤的功效。nPorcelain-faced:面色如

17、玉的面色如玉的 n 名词名词+过去分词所构成的形容词词例如下：过去分词所构成的形容词词例如下：n1)hand-made手工的手工的 n2)man-made人造的人造的 n3)state-owned国营的国营的 n4)school-run校办的校办的 n5)heart-felt由衷的。由衷的。nThis done,I entered one of the low-ceilinged rooms of the little floating house,treading cautiously on the soft matting and experiencing a twingeof embar

18、rassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.nHe was a tall,thin man,sad-eyed and serious.Quite unexpectedly,the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned,and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardm

19、ent,where thousands upon thousands of people had been slainin one second,where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.n句子结构分析：在句子结构分析：在and之后的句子中出现了三个从句，之后的句子中出现了三个从句，that从句为同从句为同位语，对位语，对thought的具体内容进行补充说明，后面出现两个的具体内容进行补充说明，后面出现两个where从从句都是定语从句，对句都是定语从句，对the site of t

20、he first atomic bombardment进行进行补充说明，两个补充说明，两个where从句句式工整相对，使用了排比手法，使句子从句句式工整相对，使用了排比手法，使句子n的意味更为强烈，痛悔心情跃然纸上。排比利用词语、短语或从的意味更为强烈，痛悔心情跃然纸上。排比利用词语、短语或从句的平行，使句子富有平衡感、节奏感和清晰感。句的平行，使句子富有平衡感、节奏感和清晰感。n如：如：Faith sees the invisible,feels the intanible and achieves the impossible.n信念即看到不能看到的，感到不能感到的，达到不能达到的。信念即

21、看到不能看到的，感到不能感到的，达到不能达到的。n同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别n一、性质不同一、性质不同n同位语从句和主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句同属于名词性从句，同位语从句和主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句同属于名词性从句，表示与之同位的名词它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词加以补表示与之同位的名词它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词加以补充说明或进一步解释。定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的充说明或进一步解释。定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，从句，n其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又

22、称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。n。n n n二、引导词不同二、引导词不同n同位语从句的引导词多是同位语从句的引导词多是that，whether,也有连接代词也有连接代词what,who,连接副连接副词词how,when,where另外，另外，which,if不能引导同位语从句。引导词在句中不能引导同位语从句。引导词在句中不充当任何成分不充当任何成分.n定语从句的引导词有关系代词定语从句的引导词有关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose 等，关系等，关系副词副词where,when,why等引导词等引导词.连

23、接定语从句、代替主句中的先行词甚连接定语从句、代替主句中的先行词甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句及在定语从句中充当句子成分等至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句及在定语从句中充当句子成分等作用作用n三、先行词不同三、先行词不同n同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常是抽象名词，有一定的内涵。同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常是抽象名词，有一定的内涵。常见的有常见的有idea situation thought,fact,evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,question,theorysuggestion,proposal,word,thought,truth,p

24、ossibility,ordernews,ability等等。定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广等等。定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛，泛，neg The belief is that all roads lead to Rome 同位语同位语n The boys who are playing football are from class one定定语语nthousands upon thousandsnadv.成千上万成千上万n双语例句双语例句1.Thousands upon thousands of martyrs have heroically laid down their lives f

25、or the people.n成千上万的先烈为了人民而英勇地牺牲了。成千上万的先烈为了人民而英勇地牺牲了。n2.Thousands upon thousands of people attended the ceremony.n成千上万的人参加了那个仪式。成千上万的人参加了那个仪式。n n n n linger on:vt to live on the point of death for some time,esp.when suffering from a disease,be slow in dying苟延残喘，奄奄一息 eg.The pain lingered on for weeks

26、(was slow to disappear).The dying man lingered on.agony:n very great pain,intolerable suffering of mind or bodyHe suffered agonies from his broken arm.The country must not again go through the agony of war.nThe introductions were made.Most of the guests were Japanese,and it was difficult for me to a

27、sk them just why we were gathered here.The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.ninhibited adj nunable to relax or express your feelings in a natural wayneg.boys are often more inhibited than girls about discussing their problems n男孩子往往不如女孩子敢于谈论自己的问题男孩子往往不如女孩子敢于谈论自己的问题n i.ninh

28、ibit:vtncause one to suppress certain thoughts or desires because of the environmental conditioneg His way of teaching is dull,and inhibits imagination.This medicine will inhibit the spread of the diseasenas.as用法：用法：as.as意为意为和和一样一样，表示，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第为副词，第二个二个as为连词。其基本结构为：为连词。

29、其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。例如：。例如：(1)This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。其否定其否定式为式为not as/so+adj./adv.+as。例如：。例如：This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。本字典不如你想象的那样有用。若有修饰成分，若有修饰成分，如如twice,three times,half,a quarter等，则须置等，则须置于第一个于第一个as之前。例如：之前。例如：

30、Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。你的袋子比我的贵一倍。n几个关于几个关于as.as的常见句型：的常见句型：（1)as.as possiblen Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题。请尽快回答我的问题。(2)as long as.(引导条件状语引导条件状语从句从句)nIt took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。n

31、(3)as far asn He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。n(5)as well as nShe cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好她母亲一样好n。as.as的结构：的结构：nas+形容词或副词原级形容词或副词原级+asn用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的的前面。前面。nThis room is twice as big a

32、s that one.nYour room is the same size as mine.n 倍数倍数+as+adj.+asnThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.nYour room is twice as large as mine.nYour room is twice the size of mine nGentlemen,said the mayor,I am happy to welcome you to Hiroshima

33、.nwelcom v.nv.1:sb(to sth)greet sb in a friendly way.nIt is a pleasure to welcome you to our home.n2:pleased to receive or accept sthnI warmly welcome this decision.nadj.1：a welcome opportunityreliefsightn难得的机会；及时的救助；赏心悦目的景象难得的机会；及时的救助；赏心悦目的景象n2：make sb welcome 受款待的受款待的n 3：to do sth 表示乐意让某人做某事表示乐意让某

34、人做某事nThey are welcome to stay here as long as they like.n4：to sth n乐意别人做自己不愿做的事，乐意别人做自己不愿做的事，“尽管尽管好了好了”nIts an awful job.If you want it,youre welcome to it!nn.outstayoverstay your welcome n作客太久而不再受人欢迎作客太久而不再受人欢迎nEveryone bowed,including the Westerners.After three days in Japan,the spinal column beco

35、mes extraordinarily flexible.nspinal column 脊柱脊柱nspinal cord 脊髓脊髓n这里作者连用了几个正式的、文绉绉的、专业性这里作者连用了几个正式的、文绉绉的、专业性很强的词汇，如很强的词汇，如 flexible spinal column，使读，使读者感到有一种幽默的情趣。者感到有一种幽默的情趣。nextraordinary adj.n1:unexpected,surprising or strange nWhat an extraordinary thing to say!n2:not normal or ordinary 非凡的、卓越的非

36、凡的、卓越的nShe was a truly extraordinary woman.n3:arranged for a apecial purpose 特别、临时的特别、临时的n4：an envoy（使者、公使）（使者、公使）extraordinary 特使特使nThere were fresh bows,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated.ngrew 使用了拟人化的手法，这种手法不仅使语言使用了拟人化的手法，这种手法不仅使语言显得生动有力，而且给人以亲切、耳目一

37、新的感显得生动有力，而且给人以亲切、耳目一新的感觉。觉。nDusk found the boy crying in the street because he was hungry.n天黑了，小男孩饿了，就在马路上哭起来。天黑了，小男孩饿了，就在马路上哭起来。nThe universe is not rich enough to buy the vote of an honest man.n 即使倾天下之财富，也收买不了一个正直人的选票。即使倾天下之财富，也收买不了一个正直人的选票。nEach time the name Hiroshima was repeated：这是一个由名词短语：这是一

38、个由名词短语(each time)引导的状语引导的状语从句，相当于从句，相当于when the name Hiroshima was repeated。nHiroshima,as you know,is a city familiar to everyone,”continued the mayor.nfamiliar adj.1:(to sb)well known to you;nto looksoundtaste familiarn看看听听尝起来熟悉尝起来熟悉n2：with sth knowing sth very wellnAre you with the software they u

39、se?n3:(with sb)very informal,sometimes in a way that is unpleasantnYou seem to be on very terms with your tutor.n你似乎和你的导师之间很随便。你似乎和你的导师之间很随便。nSeldom has a city gained such world renown,and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima,a town known throughout the world for its-oysters.nseldom，neve

40、r，only，hardly，little等副词开头等副词开头的句子，通常采用倒装语的句子，通常采用倒装语序。序。oyster:n.a type of selfish that can be eaten cooked or uncooked,and that produces a jewel called a pearl.ngain v.n1:(sth)(byfrom sth)nThere is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision.n2:to go too fastnMy watch gains two minutes every 24

41、 hours.n3:against sthnThe pound gained against the dollar again today.n今天英镑对美元的比值又上升了。今天英镑对美元的比值又上升了。nn.prevent weight gain 防止体重增加防止体重增加n efficiency gains 效率提高效率提高n personal gain 个人收益个人收益ngainful adj.nused to describe useful work that you are paid for 有报酬、有利可图的有报酬、有利可图的ngainful employment 有酬的工作有酬的工作

42、n句中句中known 是过去分词做后置定是过去分词做后置定语，修饰语，修饰Hiroshima。nand Im proud and happyfor its-oystersnanti-climax to achieve humor,surprise,satire etc.nUnderstanding:The mayor said this because he did not want to embarrass the foreigners by talking about the disaster and he wanted people to forget the tragic past a

43、nd also because Hiroshima was famous for its oysters.nI was just about to make my little bow of assent,when the meaning of these last words sank in,jolting me out of my sad reverie.Paraphrase:I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant.His words shock

44、ed me out of my sad dreamy thinking.nassent n.v:(to sth)ngive sbs assent tonNovody would assent to the terms they proposed.nconsert 用法同用法同assentnsank v.n1:to become quieternHer voice sank to a whisper.n2:to make a deep hole in the groundnto sink a wellshaftminen掘水井、竖井、矿井掘水井、竖井、矿井nbe sank in sth 陷入不快

45、（沉思）中陷入不快（沉思）中nsink your differences 摒弃分歧，搁置歧见摒弃分歧，搁置歧见nathat sinking feeling 不详的感觉；沮丧之情不详的感觉；沮丧之情nsink or swim 不自救，毕沉沦不自救，毕沉沦nsink so low 沉沦、堕落到某种程度沉沦、堕落到某种程度nI was just about to.out of my sad reverie：并列句。并列句。when在这儿是并列连词，相当于在这儿是并列连词，相当于and just at that time；njolting me out of my sad reverie是伴随状语，是

46、伴随状语，对谓语对谓语sank in加以补充说明。加以补充说明。n Be about to do sth意为意为be going to do sthat once(即刻要做某事即刻要做某事)。nSink in表示表示be fully absorbed or understood(被领悟被领悟)的意义的意义.nJolting me out of my sad reverie在这儿意为在这儿意为 getting me out of my sad thought。n While the mayor went on with his speech in praise of southern Japan

47、ese sea food,I cautiously backed away and headed toward the far side of the room,where a few men were talking among themselves and paying little attention to the mayors speech.nWell,I must confess that I did not expect a speech about oysters here.I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the

48、 atomic cataclysm.n两个两个that均为宾语从句。均为宾语从句。nfelt 为动词的拟人化。为动词的拟人化。nconfess v.nto admit sth that you feel ashamed ofnconfession n.na religious service at which a person tells his faults to a priestncataclysm&catastrophe&disasterncataclysm n.n a sudden disaster or a violent event that causes change,for example a flood or a war.n大灾难大灾难/变；动乱变；动乱ncatastrophe n.nsudden disaster that causes many people to suffer 灾祸、大祸、灾难灾祸、大祸、灾难ncatastrophic adj.ncatastrophic effects/losses/resultsn灾难性的影响、损失、结果灾难性的影响、损失、结果