高考英语介词用法.ppt

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1、 介词介词 (preposition )(preposition )一一 介词的分类与语法功能介词的分类与语法功能1.介词是虚词，介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分，不能单独做句子成分，必须与名词、必须与名词、代词（代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句）构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为：介词分为：简单介词简单介词:at、in 、on 、for、to 合成介词合成介词:within、inside、onto、throughout.短语介词短语介词:according to、out of、because of、by

2、 means of、in spite of、instead of 双重介词双重介词：from behind/above/under,until after 分词介词分词介词：considering,including,judging from/by 1.It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.2.He quarrelled with her yesterday.3.He succeeded in passing the final examination.4.Im still thinking o

3、f how I can fulfill the task ahead of time.5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.总结总结 1：介词后常接：介词后常接 名词、代词、动名词名词、代词、动名词、从句、从句、不定式组成不定式组成介词短语介词短语。总结总结 2:介词短语在句子中可作表语、介词短语在句子中可作表语、定语定语、状语和、状语和宾补。宾补。This machine is in good condition.Where is the key to my bike?Nothing in the w

4、orld could live without air or water.She always thinks herself above others二二.介词搭配介词搭配1.动词动词 介词介词v rob sb of sth (clear/inform/cheat/remind/accuse/cure.etc)v supply us with sth=supply sth to/for sb(provide/fill)v make sth of/from/into v 介词介词 the+人体部位人体部位（strike/catch/hit/v prevent sb from doingv per

5、suade sb into/out of doing sth(advise/warn/reason)v buy sth for sb(leave/get/win/gain/lose)v tell sth to sb (show/teach/sing/write/read)v give sth to sb(allow/promise/pass/hand)v say to sb(suggest/explain/apologize/murmur/whisper)v 同一介词与不同动词同一介词与不同动词（to/for /at 同一动词与不同介词的搭配同一动词与不同介词的搭配(look/agree/he

6、ar/call/stand 2.形容词形容词 介词介词 afraid/angry/anxious/tired/strict /good popular/pleased/known/familiar1.Im afraid _ being late for school because my head teacher is very strict _ us.2.Einstein was known _ his theory of relativity _ a famous physics scientist _ the world.3.He is angry _ what his e-pal ha

7、s said for he is tired _ being laughed at by others.4.The boy is familiar _ the fiction because it is very popular _ teenagers so far.3.名词名词 介词介词 1.The absence/lack of water is the most serious problem.2.The girl has a good way _ studying English.3.The key _ success lies in diligence and wisdom.三三重点

8、介词的用法归纳与辨析重点介词的用法归纳与辨析1.表示世纪、年、月、表示世纪、年、月、季、周季、周 用用 in/during,2.in the 1990s,in May,in spring ,in the first week of June2.在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上、前夕、前夕 用用 on3.在某一时刻、在某一时刻、或某一点时间用或某一点时间用 at.4.till ,until,to 的用法。的用法。5.1）till/until 与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂6.动词连用用在否定句（动词连用用在否定句（在句首、强调句在句首

9、、强调句 不用不用till).2)to 表终结常与表终结常与from 连用连用 from to from time to time from hand to hand from door to door from house to house from one+名词名词 to another 表表“依次依次”名词名词+by+同一名词同一名词 one by one 5.in,after ,later in+一段时间一段时间 .常用常用 一般将来时。一般将来时。after+一段时间一段时间.常用一般过去时。常用一般过去时。after+点时间点时间.用各种时态。用各种时态。一段时间一段时间 late

10、r 过去时过去时6.地点介词地点介词:at,on,in,to,off across,through over,under below,above to（静态静态）,towards(动态动态）,along7.表示方式、手段、表示方式、手段、工具工具 的介词的介词 by/through(表泛指表泛指 的方式、手段）的方式、手段）by (交通工具类）交通工具类）by /with /in(方式、手段）方式、手段）1.The boy likes writing _ a pen and especially likes writing _ blue and black ink.2.He got full

11、mark _ his own effort,he often contacts with his epals _ email.8.表表“除除 之外之外”的介词的介词 besides,but except，except for,except that 注意：注意：1）前面有不定代词、前面有不定代词、疑问代词时，多用疑问代词时，多用but All but one are here.Nobody but I likes literature.2）后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用butHe has nothing to do but wait.3)固定短语固定短语 ha

12、ve no choice but to do sth（只得做某事）（只得做某事）can not but do sth cannot help but do sth(不得不）不得不）but for/but that（要不是）（要不是）9.between /among(三者以上）三者以上）1）Mary is sitting _ Tom and wang Li.2）She was busy _ cooking,washing,sewing and looking after the baby.3）Shanghai is _the largest cities in the world.4）A hor

13、se can be seen _ trees now.1.He didnt come to the meeting _ his illness.2.The reason _ his being angry is that he lost his cell phone.3._ a heavy snow,the highway has been closed up.4.The accident is _ the drivers drinking.10 表原因的介词：表原因的介词：for,because of,due to,owing to,on account of,as a result of

14、11.不定式复合结构中的不定式复合结构中的 for ,of 1）It is clever _ you to answer such a difficult answer.2）It is mean _ her to give me so little pocket money.3）It is quite impossible _ him to explain why.4）It is hard _ you to learn a foreign language without perseverance.12.兼类词兼类词（兼作连词和副词）兼作连词和副词）after since till/until before.