高考英语语法专项复习-代词ppt课件.ppt

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1、三三、代代 词词（一一）人称代词）人称代词、物物主主代词代词与与反身代词反身代词熟读深思熟读深思观察第观察第1 1句句，思考人称代词的用法；观察第，思考人称代词的用法；观察第2 2、3 3句，句，思考物主代词的用法；观察第思考物主代词的用法；观察第4 4到到6 6句，思考反身句，思考反身代词的用法。代词的用法。1.1.HeHe loves loves herher.他爱她。他爱她。2.This is 2.This is mymy pen.pen.YoursYours(=Your pen)is over(=Your pen)is over there.there.这是我的钢笔，你的在那边。这是我

2、的钢笔，你的在那边。3.The bag near the table is 3.The bag near the table is hershers.桌子旁边的那个包是她的。桌子旁边的那个包是她的。4.She is teaching 4.She is teaching herselfherself English.English.她在自学英语。她在自学英语。5.He lives by 5.He lives by himselfhimself in the country.in the country.他独自住在乡下。他独自住在乡下。6.The work 6.The work itself it

3、self is easy.is easy.这工作本身很容易。这工作本身很容易。归纳总结归纳总结1.1.人称代词可指代人或物，有主格和宾格之分，人称代词可指代人或物，有主格和宾格之分，在句中可充当主语、宾语和表语。在句中可充当主语、宾语和表语。2.2.物主代词表示所属关系，有名词性和形容词性物主代词表示所属关系，有名词性和形容词性 物主代词之分，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和物主代词之分，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和 定语。定语。3.3.反身代词常指动作对象是动作发出者本身，有反身代词常指动作对象是动作发出者本身，有 单数和复数之分，可作宾语、表语和同位语。单数和复数之分，可作宾语、表语和同位语。（二

4、）表示（二）表示“两两者者”“”“多多者者”的代词的代词熟读深思熟读深思熟读下列句子，仔细体会画线代词的用法。熟读下列句子，仔细体会画线代词的用法。1.If you cant decide which of the two 1.If you cant decide which of the two books to borrow,why dont you take books to borrow,why dont you take bothboth?I wont read them this week.?I wont read them this week.如果你不能决定这两本书借哪一本好，为

5、何不如果你不能决定这两本书借哪一本好，为何不 把两本都拿去？我这周不看。把两本都拿去？我这周不看。2.I invited Joe and Linda to dinner,but 2.I invited Joe and Linda to dinner,but neitherneither of them came.of them came.我邀我邀JoeJoe和和LindaLinda来吃饭，但她们两个都没来。来吃饭，但她们两个都没来。3.Theres coffee and tea;you can have 3.Theres coffee and tea;you can have eitherei

6、ther.这里有咖啡和茶，你可以选择任何一种。这里有咖啡和茶，你可以选择任何一种。Thanks Thanks！谢谢！谢谢！4.I had to buy 4.I had to buy all all these books because I these books because I didnt know which one was the best.didnt know which one was the best.我把所有这些书都买下来因为我不知道哪本我把所有这些书都买下来因为我不知道哪本 最好。最好。5.We had three sets of garden tools and we 5

7、.We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for seemed to have no use for anyany.我们曾有三套园林工具，但似乎任何一套也派我们曾有三套园林工具，但似乎任何一套也派 不上用场。不上用场。6.Of all the books on the desk,6.Of all the books on the desk,none none is of is of any use for our study.any use for our study.桌上的所有书中，没有一本对我们的学习有用

8、。桌上的所有书中，没有一本对我们的学习有用。归纳总结归纳总结1.all1.all表示对三者或三者以上事物的全部肯定，在表示对三者或三者以上事物的全部肯定，在 句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。2.both2.both表示对两者的肯定，可作主语、宾语、定表示对两者的肯定，可作主语、宾语、定 语或同位语。语或同位语。3.none3.none可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语，但不能可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语，但不能 作定语。作主语、同位语时通常放在行为动词作定语。作主语、同位语时通常放在行为动词 的前面，的前面，bebe动词、助动词或情态动词之后。动词、助

9、动词或情态动词之后。4.either4.either表示两者中的任何一个，强调个体，可表示两者中的任何一个，强调个体，可 作主语、宾语或定语。作主语、宾语或定语。5.neither5.neither的意义与的意义与bothboth正好相反，指两个中的任正好相反，指两个中的任 何一个都不，其用法类似于何一个都不，其用法类似于either,either,但但neitherneither 还可作副词，用于否定句中，意为还可作副词，用于否定句中，意为“也不也不”。6.any6.any表示多者中的任何一个。表示多者中的任何一个。（三）表示（三）表示“另外另外”的代词的代词熟读深思熟读深思熟读下列句子，仔

10、细体会画线代词的用法。熟读下列句子，仔细体会画线代词的用法。1.I dont like this one;please show me 1.I dont like this one;please show me anotheranother.我不喜欢这个，请给我另一个。我不喜欢这个，请给我另一个。2.He is ready to help 2.He is ready to help othersothers.他乐于帮助别人。他乐于帮助别人。3.She enjoys spending 3.She enjoys spending other peoplesother peoples money.m

11、oney.她喜欢花别人的钱。她喜欢花别人的钱。4.Some children are reading;4.Some children are reading;othersothers are are listening to the radio.listening to the radio.有些孩子在阅读，有些则在听收音机。有些孩子在阅读，有些则在听收音机。5.He has two pens.One is red;5.He has two pens.One is red;the other the other is is black.black.他有两支钢笔，一支是红的，另一支是黑的。他有两支

12、钢笔，一支是红的，另一支是黑的。6.Marys here.Where are all 6.Marys here.Where are all the othersthe others?玛丽在这里，其余的所有人都到哪里去了？玛丽在这里，其余的所有人都到哪里去了？7.Of the three foreign guests,one is from 7.Of the three foreign guests,one is from London;London;the other the other two are from New York.two are from New York.在那三个外国客人中

13、，一个来自伦敦，另外两在那三个外国客人中，一个来自伦敦，另外两 个来自纽约。个来自纽约。8.Hell stay here for 8.Hell stay here for another two daysanother two days (=(=two other daystwo other days).).他要在这里再呆两天。他要在这里再呆两天。归纳总结归纳总结1.the other1.the other指代单数可数名词时，表示两者中的指代单数可数名词时，表示两者中的 “另一个另一个”。2.other2.other在句中不能单独使用，一般修饰可数名词在句中不能单独使用，一般修饰可数名词 复数

14、，意为复数，意为“（另外的）一些（另外的）一些”，表示泛指。，表示泛指。3.another3.another一般表示单数，可单独使用也可接可数一般表示单数，可单独使用也可接可数 名词的单数；但是如果其后有数词或名词的单数；但是如果其后有数词或fewfew修饰修饰 时，则接复数名词，表示在原有基础上需要时，则接复数名词，表示在原有基础上需要“更多数量的更多数量的”东西。东西。4.others4.others表示复数意义，相当于表示复数意义，相当于“other+“other+可数名可数名 词复数词复数”，不能作定语；，不能作定语；the othersthe others相当于相当于“the oth

15、er+“the other+可数名词复数可数名词复数”。【点金】【点金】以上代词常用于固定搭配以上代词常用于固定搭配中。中。(1)one.the other.(1)one.the other.一一个个，另，另一一个个 (2)one.another.a third.(2)one.another.a third.一一个个，另，另 一一个个，第三个，用于表示三个不同的人或，第三个，用于表示三个不同的人或 物，含物，含义 义是是指指同类事物同类事物。(3)“any other+(3)“any other+可数名词单数可数名词单数”表示表示“（一一定定 范围内）其他任何范围内）其他任何一一个个”。(4)

16、(4)与与somesome对比使用时，常用对比使用时，常用othersothers不用不用the the others others。Some cleaned the windows,others mopped Some cleaned the windows,others mopped the floor.the floor.有的擦窗户，有的擦地板有的擦窗户，有的擦地板。(5)some.others.the others.(5)some.others.the others.一一些些，另另一一些些，剩下的，剩下的一一些些，指指所有的人或所有的人或 事物事物之之和和。（四）替代词（四）替代词it

17、,that,one,thoseit,that,one,those熟读深思熟读深思熟读下列句子，仔细体会画线代词的用法。熟读下列句子，仔细体会画线代词的用法。1.The Parkers bought a new house but 1.The Parkers bought a new house but itit(=the house)will need a lot of work(=the house)will need a lot of work before they can move in.before they can move in.帕克一家买了一座新房，但是这座房子在搬进帕克一家买

18、了一座新房，但是这座房子在搬进 去之前还需要做大量的工作。去之前还需要做大量的工作。2.Im moving to the countryside because 2.Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than the air there is much fresher than thatthat(=the air)in the city.(=the air)in the city.我要搬到农村去，因为那里的空气比城里的空我要搬到农村去，因为那里的空气比城里的空 气要新鲜得多。气要新鲜得多。3.W

19、eve been looking at houses but 3.Weve been looking at houses but havent found havent found oneone(=a house)we like yet.(=a house)we like yet.我们一直在看房子，但还没有找到一座我们喜我们一直在看房子，但还没有找到一座我们喜 欢的房子。欢的房子。4.Mr.Zhang gave the textbooks to all the 4.Mr.Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except pupils excep

20、t the onesthe ones(=the pupils)who(=the pupils)who had already taken them.had already taken them.张老师将教材发给那些已经拿了教材外的所有张老师将教材发给那些已经拿了教材外的所有 学生。学生。归纳总结归纳总结1.that1.that用来代替前面提到的单数可数名词或不可用来代替前面提到的单数可数名词或不可 数名词，不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语，表数名词，不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语，表 示特指，相当于示特指，相当于“the+“the+可数名词单数可数名词单数/不可数名不可数名 词词”。thosetho

21、se常用来代替可数名词复数，相当于常用来代替可数名词复数，相当于 the ones the ones。2.one2.one用来指与前面出现的单数可数名词同一类但用来指与前面出现的单数可数名词同一类但 不是同一个，表示泛指概念，相当于不是同一个，表示泛指概念，相当于“a/an+“a/an+单单 数可数名词数可数名词”；onesones用来指代前面出现的可数用来指代前面出现的可数 名词复数，也表示泛指概念。名词复数，也表示泛指概念。Susan gave me many valuable presents,ones Susan gave me many valuable presents,ones

22、that I had never seen.that I had never seen.苏珊送给我很多珍贵的礼物，那些礼物我以前苏珊送给我很多珍贵的礼物，那些礼物我以前 从没有见过。从没有见过。【点金】【点金】（1 1）oneone可以和可以和thisthis或或thatthat连用，但连用，但 ones ones不能和不能和thesethese或或thosethose连用，除非连用，除非onesones前有前有 形容词修饰形容词修饰。（2 2）the onethe one相当于相当于that;the onesthat;the ones相当于相当于thosethose。3.it3.it指与上文

23、提到的相同的事物，不能带任何修指与上文提到的相同的事物，不能带任何修 饰语。饰语。A bird landed on my window.It chirped and A bird landed on my window.It chirped and danced.danced.一只小鸟落在我的窗台上，又唱又跳。一只小鸟落在我的窗台上，又唱又跳。（五）（五）it it的用法的用法熟读深思熟读深思熟读下列句子并思考熟读下列句子并思考itit在句中的意义和作用。在句中的意义和作用。1.It was very quiet at the moment.1.It was very quiet at the

24、 moment.2.It is eight oclock.2.It is eight oclock.3.It is five kilometers from the office to 3.It is five kilometers from the office to my home.my home.4.It was rainy in spring in China.4.It was rainy in spring in China.5.Where is my book?5.Where is my book?Its on the table.Its on the table.6.Who is

25、 making such a noise?6.Who is making such a noise?It must be the children.It must be the children.6.Who is making such a noise?6.Who is making such a noise?It must be the children.It must be the children.7.Its kind of you to help me with the 7.Its kind of you to help me with the problem.problem.8.It

26、s no use crying over spilt milk.8.Its no use crying over spilt milk.9.It is important that we(should)learn 9.It is important that we(should)learn English well.English well.10.It didnt occur to me that I would be 10.It didnt occur to me that I would be the monitor.the monitor.11.I think it hard for y

27、ou to do the task 11.I think it hard for you to do the task on your own.on your own.12.It was because he was ill that he 12.It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school yesterday.didnt come to school yesterday.归纳总结归纳总结1.it1.it指代时间、距离、自然现象或事物的状态。指代时间、距离、自然现象或事物的状态。2.it2.it指代上文提到的事物、想法或性别不明的

28、人。指代上文提到的事物、想法或性别不明的人。3.it3.it可作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的从句、可作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的从句、动名词或不定式充当的主语或宾语放在后面。动名词或不定式充当的主语或宾语放在后面。4.it4.it引导强调句型。引导强调句型。5.it5.it还可用于某些习惯用法中，但本身没有实际还可用于某些习惯用法中，但本身没有实际 意义。意义。试题精选试题精选1.What an amazing film!Its the most 1.What an amazing film!Its the most interesting film Ive ever seen.inte

29、resting film Ive ever seen.But Im sure it wont interest But Im sure it wont interest .A.somebody A.somebodyB.anybodyB.anybody C.nobody C.nobodyD.everybodyD.everybody 解析解析 根据上下文语境及答话人的意思根据上下文语境及答话人的意思:我敢肯我敢肯 定定这这部电影不可能使每个人都感兴趣部电影不可能使每个人都感兴趣,说明该句说明该句 为部分否定为部分否定。D2.The information he gave us is more 2.

30、The information he gave us is more important than important than we got ourselves.we got ourselves.A.one A.oneB.thoseB.those C.that C.thatD.the oneD.the one 解析解析 根据句子意思可以根据句子意思可以知知道道,选 选项代词所代替项代词所代替 的是句的是句中中不可数名词不可数名词information,information,选 选项项A A、B B、D D 必须替代可数名词必须替代可数名词,只只有有thatthat可以替代不可数名可以替代不

31、可数名 词或特词或特指指的可数名词单数的可数名词单数。C3.Which of those electronic dictionaries 3.Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most do you like most？.They are both expensive and of.They are both expensive and of little use.little use.A.None A.NoneB.BothB.Both C.Neither C.NeitherD.AllD.All 解析解析 根据问话人所用的根据

32、问话人所用的mostmost可可知知,句句中中 electronic dictionaries electronic dictionaries 应为三应为三者者以上以上,再 再根根 据答句意据答句意义 义判断判断,选 选项应为否定项应为否定,故应故应选 选nonenone。该句答句部分该句答句部分both.andboth.and很容易迷惑考生很容易迷惑考生,使使之之 误认为是两误认为是两者者的否定形式的否定形式,而误而误选 选 neither neither。A4.The winners,Bob and 4.The winners,Bob and ,who won the,who won th

33、e game,praised the losers,game,praised the losers,and and .A.she;them;us A.she;them;usB.her;they;areB.her;they;are C.they;she;I C.they;she;ID.her;me;himD.her;me;him 解析解析 第第一一空为空为主主语的同位语语的同位语,故故选 选人称代词的人称代词的 主主格格;第二空和第三空为宾语的同位语第二空和第三空为宾语的同位语,应应选 选人人 称代词的宾格称代词的宾格,分析四个分析四个选 选项可以项可以知知道道只只有有A A项项 符合句子结构符

34、合句子结构。A5.Mr.Green kept telling her daughter not to 5.Mr.Green kept telling her daughter not to surf the Internet too frequently,but surf the Internet too frequently,but didnt help.didnt help.A.he A.heB.sheB.she C.which C.whichD.itD.it 解析解析 分析句子结构可以分析句子结构可以知知道道,该句是有转该句是有转折折连连 词词 but but连接的并列分句连接的并列分句

35、,故首先排除故首先排除选 选项项C(C(注意注意:如句如句中中没有连词没有连词 but,but,可用关系代词可用关系代词whichwhich引导引导 非限非限制制性定语从句性定语从句)；A A、B B两项不符合句意两项不符合句意。D6.Which of the two books will you take6.Which of the two books will you take？Ill take Ill take and I think and I think of of them is very important to me.them is very important to me.A

36、.either;neither A.either;neitherB.neither;bothB.neither;both C.both;either C.both;eitherD.either;bothD.either;both 解析解析 根据答句意根据答句意义 义可以可以知知道道,此句为肯定意此句为肯定意义 义,说明答话人对两说明答话人对两者者都表示满意都表示满意,故首先排除故首先排除选 选项项 A A、B;B;选 选项项D D局部局部与整与整体意体意义 义矛盾矛盾,只只有有选 选项项C C符符 合句子意思合句子意思。C7.Never laugh at failure of 7.Never

37、laugh at failure of ,because ,because enjoys being laughed at.enjoys being laughed at.A.others;nobody A.others;nobody B.the others;everyone B.the others;everyone C.the others;anyone C.the others;anyone D.others;someone D.others;someone 解析解析 根据句子意思根据句子意思,第第一一空没有特定范围空没有特定范围,表表 示泛示泛指指;第二空应为表示否定意第二空应为表示

38、否定意义 义的不定代词的不定代词,意思为意思为“没有人喜欢被人嘲笑没有人喜欢被人嘲笑”。A8.What do you think of the price of these 8.What do you think of the price of these computers computers？They are at least equal in price to,if They are at least equal in price to,if not cheaper than,not cheaper than,at the other at the other panies.A.it A

39、.itB.onesB.ones C.that C.thatD.the onesD.the ones 解析解析 分析句子意思可以分析句子意思可以知知道道,选 选项代词所项代词所指指代代 的名词为的名词为computers,computers,且为特且为特指指,故应故应选 选the ones the ones (=those),(=those),相当于相当于the computersthe computers。D9.Its time to tidy your room,Mike9.Its time to tidy your room,Mike！See the tidy room,Mum!See t

40、he tidy room,Mum!is where it is where it should be.should be.A.Something A.SomethingB.AnythingB.Anything C.Everything C.EverythingD.NothingD.Nothing 解解析析 根根据据答答话话人人所所说说内内容容可可以以知知道道,房房间间里里一一 切切 都都 很很整整洁洁,含含 有有整整体体 性性,应应 用用 e ev ve er ry yt th hi in ng g。a an ny yt th hi in ng g用用于于肯肯定定句句时时,表表 示示 强强 调

41、调,该该 句句 无无 强强 调调 之之意意。C10.Shopping online can provide 10.Shopping online can provide convenience and choice,but not convenience and choice,but not websites are safe enough for shopping.websites are safe enough for shopping.A.either;both A.either;bothB.neither;anyB.neither;any C.both;both C.both;both

42、D.both;allD.both;all 解析解析 第第一一空用空用both,both,构成构成 both.and,both.and,用来连用来连 接两个宾语接两个宾语“既方便既方便,种种类又多类又多”;”;第二空用第二空用all all 与与notnot连用连用,表示部分否定表示部分否定,“,“并非所有的网并非所有的网站站都都 安全安全”,”,此处无两此处无两者之者之意意。D11.Mr.Baker thinks his own inconvenience 11.Mr.Baker thinks his own inconvenience and and of his fellow collea

43、gues are the of his fellow colleagues are the only thing that the government should only thing that the government should deal with.deal with.A.whoever A.whoeverB.someoneB.someone C.that C.thatD.anyD.any 解析解析 句意为：句意为：Baker Baker 先生认为他的不便和他先生认为他的不便和他 同事的同事的(不便不便)是唯是唯一政一政府应该解决的问题府应该解决的问题。空空 格格中中的词应该代替

44、前面的不可数名词的词应该代替前面的不可数名词 inconvenience,inconvenience,故故选 选thatthat。C12.The CDs are on sale!Buy one and you will 12.The CDs are on sale!Buy one and you will get get completely pletely free.A.other A.otherB.othersB.others C.one C.oneD.onesD.ones 解析解析 句意为句意为:这这些些CDCD在 在促销促销。买买一一个就可以免个就可以免 费得到另外费得到另外一一个个。

45、所以用所以用oneone表示另表示另一一个个。而其而其 它的它的选 选项项,other,other是形容词是形容词,词性不合适词性不合适。OthersOthers 名词名词,意为意为“其它的其它的”。此处意思不合适此处意思不合适。OnesOnes 指指代复数代复数“其它的其它的”,”,用用在这在这里意思不合适里意思不合适。C13.Could I speak to 13.Could I speak to is in charge of is in charge of International Sales please International Sales please？A.who A.who

46、B.whatB.what C.whoever C.whoeverD.whateverD.whatever 解析解析 whoeverwhoever既既作作了了to to的宾语的宾语,又又作作is in is in charge of International Sales charge of International Sales的的主主语语。whoever whoever作作代词代词,指指any person who/the person any person who/the person who who任何人，无论谁，任何人，无论谁，的人的人。C14.Jane was asked a lot

47、 of questions,but 14.Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didnt answer she didnt answer of them.of them.A.other A.otherB.anyB.any C.none C.noneD.someD.some 解析解析 所填词所填词与与notnot构成全部否定构成全部否定,四个四个选 选项项中中 只只有有anyany与与notnot可以构成可以构成not any,not any,相当于相当于none,none,表示全部否定表示全部否定,故故选 选B B。B15.No progress

48、 was made in the trade talk 15.No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the as neither side would accept the conditions of conditions of .A.others A.othersB.the otherB.the other C.either C.eitherD.anotherD.another 解析解析 首先排除首先排除A A项项,因为因为A A项是复数概念项是复数概念,指指代代 多个人或物多个人或物;然后排除

49、然后排除D D项；项；anotheranother指指“再 再 一一；另；另一一；又；又一一（事物或人）（事物或人）”,the other”,the other指指 两两者中者中的另的另一一个，故个，故选 选B;B;最最好排除好排除C C项项,单纯单纯一一 个个eithereither不能不能作作介词宾语介词宾语,但是它可以但是它可以作主作主语语 或或者者定语定语。B16.The chairman thought 16.The chairman thought necessary to necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the in

50、vite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.meeting.A.that A.thatB.itB.it C.this C.thisD.himD.him 解析解析 it it 代替后面的不定式代替后面的不定式to invite to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting,Professor Smith to speak at the meeting,此句式为此句式为:think+it+:think+it+adjadj.+(for sb.)to do sth.+(for sb.)to do sth