新标准大学英语三unit4(1).ppt

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1、Text Decide the summary sentencesGo to the textOur supposedly exciting times are really rather dull Theres nothing new about our obsession with the new,says Dominic Sandbrook.1 We live in a world of unprecedented,dazzling change.Thanks to globalization,national frontiers are collapsing around us,whi

2、le technological innovations are fundamentally reshaping our lives in ways we can barely comprehend.In the early 21st century,history is moving more and more quickly;there has never been anything quite like it,and things will never be the same again.Text 2 So run the clichs,anyway.But it is only our

3、 obsession with novelty,ignorance of deeper historical patterns and arrogant insistence on our own importance that leads us into this kind of talk.Hoping to prove our superiority over the generations that preceded us,we boast that we live in a period of unprecedented change.Yet there is a good case

4、that we do not,in fact,live in very interesting times at all.Text 3 Take the example of globalization,which,according to its American champion,Thomas Friedman,is a new international system,influencing the politics,environment,geopolitics and economics of virtually every country in the world.In a his

5、torical context,however,the word is almost entirely meaningless.What society has not been,to some extent,globalized?Text 4 The Roman Empire,for example,is nothing if nota multi-ethnic,multicultural,transnational entity,with dozens of different tongues and religions competing in the capital alone.Not

6、 only did the Romans import grain from Egypt,they bought spices and vessels from China and India,and hoards of the pottery they sold in return have been found as far away as Pondicherry.We may get excited about call centres in Bangalore but as so often,the Romans were there first.Text 5 And while it

7、 is easy to point to areas of life that have changed in the last few decades the status of Western women,for example it makes more sense to point out the sheer stability of modern life.Most national borders have remained unchanged for more than half a century,while the Western world has avoided majo

8、r wars since 1945.And although we like to boast of our modernity,Britain today,with its physical landscape of suburbs and skyscrapers,would hardly have surprised the typical citizen of the 1940s and 1950s.Text 6 For all our enthusiasm about the Internet and the iPod,meanwhile,we simply do not live i

9、n an age of great technological innovation.Most of the technologies we use every day toasters and kettles,central heating and televisions,planes and trains and automobiles were invented decades ago.And for all the hype about the Internet,the brutal truth is that most of us use it to do remarkably ol

10、d-fashioned things,whether ordering books or writing to friends.We are always being told that the Internet has opened up the world,yet a staggering 90 per cent of all web traffic is local.Text 7 The pace of change looks even slower when we compare it with typical expectations only a few decades ago.

11、When Stanley Kubricks film 2001:A Space Odyssey was released in 1968,for example,it seemed reasonable to imagine that people would be catching Pan-Am flights to space stations,talking to sentient computers and living on the Moon.But the cinema-goers of 1968 would have been deeply disappointed to rea

12、lize that in fact they would be living in Milton Keynes and watching Midsomer Murders.Text 8 Even our neophilia is nothing new.I do not know how often I have met with the statements that the aeroplane and the radio have abolished distance and all parts of the world are now interdependent,George Orwe

13、ll grumbled in 1944.No doubt he would find such views equally irritating today.Text 9 And although the baby-boom generation like to brag that they have experienced greater change than any other,we do not need to look back very far for much more sweeping transformations.Imagine an Englishman born in

14、1865 into a rural landscape of horses and carts,freezing winters and limited horizons.Text 10 May you live in interesting times,runs the Chinese curse,the implication being that interesting times bring chaos and anxiety in their wake.If so,then we are lucky,because we dont.Text 我我们们所所谓谓的激的激动动人心的人心的时

15、时代其代其实实很乏味很乏味“我我们对们对新奇事物的新奇事物的过过度迷恋其度迷恋其实实并不新奇并不新奇”，多米尼克，多米尼克桑桑 德布德布鲁鲁克如是克如是说说。1 我们生活在一个变化的世界里，这种变化前所未有，让人 眼花缭乱。正是因为全球化，国之界限正逐渐瓦解，同时，技 术革新正以我们几乎理解不了的方式从根本上重塑着我们的生 活。在21世纪初期，历史的变迁日益加速；这种变迁史无前 例，一切都和从前不一样了。Text 2 不管怎么说，这就是我们耳熟能详的套话。可是，让我们有这种论调的正是缘自我们对新奇事物的过度迷恋，对深层次历史模式的无知，以及我们的狂妄自大。为了证明相比于先辈们的优越性，我们夸耀

16、说自己生活在一个前所未有的变革期。但是，有一个很好的例子可以用来证明，实际上我们并没有生活在多么有趣的时代。Text 3 就以全球化为例。其拥护者美国人托马斯弗里德曼认为，全球化是一个全新的“国际体系”，它影响着“全世界几乎每一个国家的政治、环境、地缘政治以及经济”。但是，如果把它置于历史的环境中，这个词几乎毫无意义可言。有哪个社会不曾或多或少地被全球化过呢？Text 4 例如，罗马帝国完完全全是一个多民族、多文化、跨国界的实体，仅在它的首都就有几十种不同的语言和宗教相互竞存。古罗马人不但从埃及进口谷物，还向中国和印度购买香料以及器皿，同时，他们出口陶器到其他的国家，甚至卖到了遥远的本地治里。

17、我们可能会为班加罗尔的呼叫服务中心而兴奋不已，殊不知最先到达那里的还是古罗马人，他们可是常为天下先的。Text 5 尽管过去的几十年间生活中方方面面的变化随处可见比如西方妇女的地位的变化但我们更应该指出现代生活稳定的一面。1945年以来西方世界没有发生过大规模的战争，多数国家的国界线半个多世纪以来都保持着原样。虽然我们总喜欢吹嘘自己的现代性，但是，今天的英国，虽然有美丽的郊野景色和高耸的摩天大楼，对于20世纪四五十年代的人来说，一点都不新奇。Text 6 尽管我们对互联网，还有iPod十分热衷，但我们并非生活在一个伟大的技术革新的时代。大多数日常生活中用到的技术比如烤面包机、水壶、中央供暖系统

18、、电视、飞机、火车、汽车都是几十年前就问世了。虽然推介互联网的广告铺天盖地，可一个残酷的事实是：我们大多数人都用互联网来做一些非常传统的事情，无论是购书还是给朋友写信。总是有人跟我们说互联网“打开”了一个新的世界，然而，令人吃惊的是，90的网络流量都发生在本地网。Text 7 和几十年前人们对变化的普遍期待相比，如今变化的速度还是要慢一些。例如，当斯坦利库布里克的电影2001：星际漫游于1968年上映时，人们似乎有理由想象有一天将乘着泛美航空的航班飞往空间站，和有知觉的电脑聊天，并且住在月球上。但是1968年去看过这部电影的那些观众们要是知道直至现在他们还住在米尔顿凯恩斯，看着杀机四伏时，肯定

19、会大失所望的。Text 8 我们追求新奇事物也不是什么新奇的事。1944年，乔治奥威尔就忿忿不平地抱怨说：“我不知道听过多少遍飞机和收音机消除了距离，还有世界各地如今都是互相依存着的这样的话”。假如他还活着，毫无疑问，他也同样会为现在相类似的观点而气恼不已的。Text 9 虽然婴儿潮那代人喜欢吹嘘说他们经历的变化比其他时代的人都要多，但我们用不着向前追溯太远就能找到更为巨大的变化。试想一个英国人，他于1865年出生在一个乡村里，那儿人们还骑着马，驾着马车，冬日里冰天雪地的，视野很有限。Text 假设他能活到80多岁或是90多岁（这完全有可能），他就能亲眼目睹汽车、飞机、收音机、电话、电影、家庭

20、电器、大众普及教育及妇女选举权这些事物的诞生这样的世界与当今社会差距并不大。换句话说，到他去世前，他所看到的变化之大，是我们难以想象的。我猜想，在他看来，我们自认为激动人心的时代也许真的很乏味。Text 10 中国有句咒语：“但愿你生活在有趣的时代，”意思是紧随有趣时代而来的是混乱和焦虑。果真如此的话，我们算是很幸运了，因为我们没有生活在有趣的时代。Text Words&Phrasessupposedlyobsessionunprecedenteddazzlinginnovationfundamentallyreshapetransnationalmulticulturalmulti-ethn

21、iceconomicsgeopoliticsboastinsistencetoasterskyscrapersuburbmodernityunchangedstabilitypotteryclichignorancearroganthoardvesselentitybrutalhypeautomobileWords&PhrasesstaggeringstaggersentientneophiliainterdependentgrumblebragimplicationcursemagnitudeadventplausiblecartsweepinghorizonWords&Phrasestha

22、nks tobe nothing if notfor allin sb.s/sth.s wakeWords&PhrasesDominic Sandbrook 多米尼克桑德布鲁克（英国作家、历史学家）Thomas Friedman 托马斯弗里德曼（1953-，美国记者）Pondicherry 本地治里（印度东南部港市）Bangalore 班加罗尔（印度南部城市）Milton Keynes 米尔顿凯恩斯（英国地名）George Orwell 乔治奥威尔（1903-1950，英国作家、新闻记者和社会评论家）supposedly ad.as some people believe or say,alt

23、hough you may not agree with this 据认为；据称e.g.1.Professor Smith said:“Students are in virtually full-time employment while supposedly studying full time.史密斯教授说：“学生本应将全部时间用于学习，但实际上都将全部时间用来工作”。2.Both reports are from supposedly reliable sources,but they are out of square.两份报道据说来源都可靠，但不吻合。Word family:sup

24、posed a.suppose v.Words&Phrasesobsession n.U(with)an emotional state in which someone or something is so important to you that you are always thinking about them,in a way that seems extreme to other people 着魔；迷恋e.g.1.Americans are quite open about their obsession with money.美国人毫不讳言对金钱的迷恋。2.He has an

25、 obsession with postage stamps.他为邮票着迷。Words&PhrasesWord family:obsess v.if something or someone obsesses you,you think or worry about them all the time and you cannot think about anything else-used to show disapproval 使痴迷，使迷恋，使心神不定（含贬义）e.g.1.The fear of death obsessed her throughout her old age.她晚年一

26、直受著死亡恐惧的困扰。2.A lot of young girls are obsessed by their weight.很多少女都过于担心自己的体重。Words&Phrasesunprecedented a.never having happened or existed before 前所未有的；史无前例的e.g.1.The unprecedented flood caused great damage to many places in the South.这空前的洪水，使南方许多地方遭受了重大损失。2.Contemporary natural science is being ap

27、plied to production on an unprecedented scale and with unprecedented speed.当代的自然科学正以空前的规模和速度，应用于生产当中。Words&Phrasesdazzling a.extremely impressive 令人赞叹的；给人深刻印象的e.g.1.The evening was crowned by her dazzling performance.她那令人赞叹的表演把晚会的气氛推向高潮。2.Tibetan culture has all along been a dazzling pearl in the tr

28、easure-house of Chinese culture as well as that of the world as a whole.藏族文化一直是中华文化和世界文化宝库中的一颗璀璨的明珠。Word family:dazzle v.Words&Phrasesinnovation n.C a new idea,method,piece of equipment etc.新观念；新方法；新设备e.g.Farmers are introducing innovations which increase the productivity.农民们正引进提高生产力的新方法。Word family

29、:innovate v.innovative a.e.g.Many of the problems presented by the countrys geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.(CET4-2006-06)创新性的工程项目为该国因地理特征而产生的问题提供了解决办法。Words&Phrasesfundamentally ad.in a very important or basic way 根本地；基本地e.g.1.He holds that the issue of popu

30、lation is fundamentally one of development.他认为人口问题从根本上讲是一个发展问题。2.Fundamentally,this is a matter for doctors.从根本上讲，这是医生的事。Word family:fundamental a.Words&Phrasesreshape vt.change the way that sth.operates or develops 给以新形式，再塑造e.g.1.The launching of euro and the completion of the EMU will be instrumen

31、tal in reshaping the international monetary system.欧元的发行和欧洲货币联盟的形成将在世界货币体系重新整合的过程中发挥至关重要的作用。2.You will not only improve your English greatly this way,but also totally reshape your life.这样的话你不但可以大大提高你的英语，还可以彻底重塑你的人生。Words&Phrasesclich n.C a phrase or idea that is boring because people use it a lot an

32、d it is no longer original 陈词滥调；老生常谈What do the following clichs mean?Dont put off for tomorrow what you can do today.今日事今日毕。As easy as pie.Theres no place like home.A chain is only as strong as its weakest link.一环薄弱全局坏。Many hands make light work.Words&Phrases易如反掌。在家千日好。众擎易举。ignorance n.U lack of kn

33、owledge or facts about a situation or a particular subject 无知；愚昧；不知e.g.1.Not ignorance,but the ignorance of ignorance,is the death of knowledge.不是无知本身，而是对无知的无知，才是知识的死亡。2.Fear always springs from ignorance.恐惧源于无知。3.Im only afraid of ignorance today Im not afraid of knowledge.今天我害怕的只是被蒙在鼓里我可不怕了解情况。Wor

34、d family:ignorant a.Words&Phrasesarrogant a.someone who is arrogant thinks they are better or more important than other people and behaves in a way that is rude and too confident 傲慢的；自大的e.g.1.He is so arrogant that no one will keep company with him.他很狂妄自大，谁也不愿意与他交往。2.He saw behind his patients arrog

35、ant pride an anxiety that he could not dispel.他发现病人的傲慢自大掩盖着一种无法摆脱的焦虑心情。Word family:arrogance n.Words&Phrasesinsistence n.U(on)a very firm statement that something must happen or that something is true 坚持；坚决要求；坚决主张e.g.1.The union has dropped its earlier insistence that workers should receive bonus pa

36、yments.工会起先坚持工人应当得到奖金，但是现在已经不再坚持了。2.Tom has queered himself with many prospective clients by his foolish insistence on full payment in advance.汤姆坚持预付全部款项，这一愚蠢的做法得罪了许多可能成为客户的人。Word family:insist v.Words&Phrasesboast v.(of/about/that)proudly tell other people about what you or someone connected with y

37、ou has done or can do,or about sth.you own,especially in order to make them admire you 自吹自擂；夸耀；吹嘘e.g.1.Nobody should boast of/about his own learning.谁也没有必要炫耀自己的学识。2.He boasted that he had never had a serious illness.他自夸从未生过大病。Words&Phrasesgeopolitics n.U the study of how a countrys position,economy,

38、and population influence its politics,especially in relation to other countries 地缘政治学；地理政治学e.g.1.If Europe is to play a bigger role in geopolitics,much will depend on how much France and the UK can do together.要使欧洲在地缘政治方面扮演更大角色，在很大程度上取决于法国和英国能共同发挥多大作用。2.The other challenge has to do with geopolitics

39、.As the balance of economic power in the world changes,mustnt the balance of political power change too?另一个挑战则与地缘政治相连。难道随着世界经济力量均势的变化，政治势力的均衡不会相应发生变化吗？Words&Phraseseconomics n.U the study of the way that goods and services are produced and sold and the way money is managed 经济学e.g.1.development econo

40、mics 发展经济学 2.ecological economics 生态经济学3.home economics 家政学 Word family:economic /economical a.economy n.Words&Phrasesmulti-ethnic a.of or having to do with a society,community,etc.made up of people of many different ethnic backgrounds 供多种族用的；涉及不同种族的e.g.China as a united multi-ethnic country was cre

41、ated by the Qin Dynasty and consolidated and developed by the Han Dynasty.经过秦朝的开创、汉朝的巩固与发展，中国统一的多民族国家从此奠定。multi-(prefix)many or several,used with some adjectives and nouns 有很多的e.g.1.a multilingual translator2.a multi-storey car parkWords&Phrases一位通晓多种语言的翻译者一个多层的停车场multicultural a.involving or consis

42、ting of people of different cultures 多元文化的；多种文化的e.g.1.Since Australia is a multicultural and unique society,it is probably hard for Chinese students to fit in with it.由于澳大利亚是一个有着多元文化的独特的社会，所以对中国学生来说或许较难适应。2.They have multilingual,multicultural children who think of Europe as their nationality.他们的孩子说

43、多种语言，有多国文化背景，以欧洲为祖国。Words&Phrasestransnational a.affecting or involving several different countries 影响数国的；数国参与的；跨国的e.g.In May 1994,police in Yunnan Province cracked an extraordinarily serious transnational drug smuggling case.1994年5月，云南省警方成功破获特大跨国贩毒案。trans-(prefix)on or to the far side of something

44、在（到）的另一边；横穿，横贯e.g.1.a transatlantic flight2.a transcontinental highwayWords&Phrases一次横渡大西洋的飞行一条穿越大陆的公路entity n.C(fml)a separate unit that is complete and has its own character 独立存在体；实体e.g.1.The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。2.As tax laws affect virtually every entity(pe

45、rsons and businesses)in a political subdivision,entities must be encouraged to voluntarily comply with the tax laws.因为税法实际上影响到政府管辖之下的所有主体（个人和商事主体），政府因此应当鼓励每一个纳税主体自觉遵守税法。Words&Phrasesvessel n.C(fml)a large boat or ship 船；舰e.g.1.This is a commercial fishing vessel.这是一条商业捕渔船。2.The warfare vessel fell o

46、ff her course.那艘战舰改变了航向。Words&Phraseshoard n.C a large amount of something that someone has saved or hidden somewhere 贮藏物；私藏物e.g.1.a squirrels hoard of nuts 松鼠储藏的坚果2.He kept a little hoard of chocolates in his top drawer.他在最上面的抽屉内藏了一些巧克力。Words&Phrasespottery n.U objects such as plates and cups that

47、are made out of clay and baked in an oven so that they become hard 陶器；陶制器皿e.g.1.Tang tricolor pottery 唐三彩 2.antique pottery and porcelain 陶瓷古玩Words&Phrasesstability n.U a situation in which things happen as they should and there are no harmful changes 稳固；稳定e.g.1.global strategic balance and stabilit

48、y 全球战略平衡和稳定2.Terrorism is a scourge that undermines stability.恐怖主义是破坏稳定的社会公害。Word family:stable a.Words&Phrasesunchanged a.remaining the same 未改变的；无变化的e.g.1.You will see an unchanged side for tonights home game.你会看到今晚主场比赛阵容不变。2.The basic configuration and development trend of the cross-straits relat

49、ions remain unchanged.两岸关系的基本格局和发展趋势没有改变。Words&Phrasesmodernity n.U ideas and practices that use modern methods,styles etc.现代性；现代思想；现代做法e.g.1.The building is a global expression of cultural modernity.该建筑物是文化现代性的一种全球表述。2.Constructed in1934,the residence reflects the trends of that time in China:an un

50、hesitating mixture of western modernity and Chinese tradition.这住宅建于1934年，它的设计风格很能体现当时中国的建筑设计流行理念：中西合璧。Word family:modern a.modernize v.Words&Phrasessuburb n.C an area or town near a large city but away from its centre,where there are many houses,especially for middle-class people 城郊；近郊；（尤指中产阶级居住的）郊区