P教学法和任务型教学法区别教案.pptx

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1、会计学1P教学法和任务型教学法区别教学法和任务型教学法区别第1页/共36页3P 教学法与任务型教学教学法与任务型教学法法 Xu YingjunFeb.19,2013第2页/共36页3P 教学法与任务型教学教学法与任务型教学法法 1.Task-based approach 2.3P methods 3.Relationship between the two 4.Analyses of the two 第3页/共36页1.Task-based approachFive major formations with the further development of communicative a

2、pproach：functional approach 功能型教学法 negotiated approach 协商型教学法 natural approach 自然型教学法 content-based approach 内容型教学法 task-based approach 任务型教学法 第4页/共36页 Task-based approach originated in mid-1980s represented by Nunan,an American,who wrote some academic research works as a result of widespread intere

3、st in the functional views of language and communicative language teaching and marked the formation of task-based teaching model that stresses the autonomy of language teachers and learners and have become the international mainstream in education.1.Task-based approach第5页/共36页 English Curriculum Sta

4、ndard issued by the Educational Ministry of the Peoples Republic of China points out the curriculum proposes the task-based teaching mode in which students,under the guidance of the teacher,achieve the target and experience the success by means of perceiving,observing,practicing,participating and co

5、operating.In course of learning,students adjust their affection and strategies to shape positive attitude towards learning and improve their ability to use language in reality.1.Task-based approach第6页/共36页 English Curriculum Standard issued by the Educational Ministry of the Peoples Republic of Chin

6、a points out the curriculum proposes the task-based teaching mode in which students,under the guidance of the teacher,achieve the target and experience the success by means of perceiving,observing,practicing,participating and cooperating.In course of learning,students adjust their affection and stra

7、tegies to shape positive attitude towards learning and improve their ability to use language in reality.1.Task-based approach第7页/共36页1.Task-based approach 本课程倡导任务型的教学模式,让学生在教师的指导下,通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作等方式，实现任务的目标,感受成功。在学习过程中进行情感和策略调整，以形成积极的学习态度，促进语言实际运用能力的提高。第8页/共36页1.Task-based approachDefinition A task

8、 is an activity,which requires learners to use language,with emphasis on meaning,to attain an objective.In other words,a task can be considered as a piece of classroom work,which involves learners in the target language while their attention is principally focused on meaning rather than form(Hossein

9、i,et al.2010)第9页/共36页1.Task-based approachDefinition From a pedagogical perspective,an activity or action which is carried out as the result of processing or understanding language(i.e.as a response).第10页/共36页1.Task-based approachDefinition Breen(1987:23)defined the task as any structured language l

10、earning endeavour which has a particular objective,appropriate content,a specified working procedure,and a range of outcomes for those who undertake the task.Task is therefore assumed to refer to a range of workplans which have the overall purpose of facilitating language learning from the simple an

11、d brief exercise type,to more complex and lengthy activities such as group problem-solving or simulations and decision making.第11页/共36页1.Task-based approachDefinition Breen(1987:23)defined the task as any structured language learning endeavour which has a particular objective,appropriate content,a s

12、pecified working procedure,and a range of outcomes for those who undertake the task.Task is therefore assumed to refer to a range of workplans which have the overall purpose of facilitating language learning from the simple and brief exercise type,to more complex and lengthy activities such as group

13、 problem-solving or simulations and decision making.第12页/共36页1.Task-based approachDefinition It is evident that the current interest in tasks stems largely from what has been termed the communicative approach to language teaching.Tasks can be analysed in terms of their goals,input data,activities,se

14、ttings and roles(Nunan 1989:20).第13页/共36页1.Task-based approachGoals the objective that a learning task should attain.Goals,in fact,express the task designers intention of making students learn some knowledge or master certain language techniques through fulfilling the task.Goal can be categorized in

15、to four:communication,social culture,learning-how-to-learn and language and cultural awareness.第14页/共36页1.Task-based approach Input data the basic materials of the composition of a task.Activities learners specific operation of the materials.Settings the planned background that the task set explicit

16、ly or implicitly in and out of class.第15页/共36页1.Task-based approach Roles roles consisting of both learner and teacher roles.The former one refers to the part the learners play in implementing learning tasks and the latter to the function of teachers while students are completing the task and their

17、relationship with the learners.第16页/共36页1.Task-based approach Learners Role Factors constituting the foundation for learners to complete the task：Affection Previous knowledge or experience Previous acquired abilities and techniques 第17页/共36页1.Task-based approach Teachers Role Five points The types o

18、f role the teacher is expected to play;The control over the learners learning ways the teacher gains;The degree of the teachers responsibility for learning contents;The communicative form between teacher and students;Teachers supervision and assessment of the task completion.第18页/共36页2.3P methods “3

19、P”methods is formed in 1970s,“3P”methods is formed in 1970s,which is the product of the mode of which is the product of the mode of Communicative Language Teaching and can Communicative Language Teaching and can be divided into 3 stages:be divided into 3 stages:presentationpresentation（演示）（演示）practi

20、cepractice（操练）（操练）productionproduction（成果）（成果）第19页/共36页2.3P methods 在教学过程中教师通过对语言知识的呈现和操练让学生掌握，然后再让学生在控制或半控制之下进行假设交际，从而达到语言的输出，形成学习成果。第20页/共36页3.Relationship between the two 任务型教学法和任务型教学法和“3P”3P”教学法一教学法一样都属于样都属于交际语言教学法交际语言教学法的分支。的分支。HowattHowatt（19841984）把交际法分为）把交际法分为“弱版弱版（weak versionsweak versions

21、）”和和“强版（强版（strong strong versionsversions）”两大派。弱版交际法以著名两大派。弱版交际法以著名的的3P3P课程（课程（PPP lessonPPP lesson）为代表，强版）为代表，强版交际法则形成了以任务型教学法为代表交际法则形成了以任务型教学法为代表的的TBLTBL课程。课程。第21页/共36页3.Relationship between the two 任务型教学法的基本学习步骤为任务型教学法的基本学习步骤为 pre-taskpre-task（前（前任务）、任务）、task cycletask cycle（任务环）和语言聚焦（任务环）和语言聚焦（l

22、anguage focuslanguage focus）三个部分，它强调的是学生学习）三个部分，它强调的是学生学习的过程，与的过程，与“3P”3P”教学法刚好是个相反的过程。教学法刚好是个相反的过程。在常规的在常规的“3p”3p”教学模式中，任务通常体现为教学模式中，任务通常体现为productionproduction中的综合运用式练习，用来巩固所学的中的综合运用式练习，用来巩固所学的语法结构、语言功能或词汇。而在任务型教学的语法结构、语言功能或词汇。而在任务型教学的模式中，学生通常以完成任务的活动开始学习，模式中，学生通常以完成任务的活动开始学习，待任务完成后，教师再把学生的注意力引到活动

23、待任务完成后，教师再把学生的注意力引到活动中使用的语言上，并对学生使用的语言进行纠正中使用的语言上，并对学生使用的语言进行纠正和调整。和调整。第22页/共36页4.Analyses of the two 任务型教学的优点：任务型教学注重真实场景下的、以任务型教学注重真实场景下的、以明确目标为导向的语言交际活动；它要明确目标为导向的语言交际活动；它要求学生通过完成任务的学习活动来掌握求学生通过完成任务的学习活动来掌握真实、实用和有意义的语言。学生在参真实、实用和有意义的语言。学生在参与课堂活动时是带着极大的兴趣和热情与课堂活动时是带着极大的兴趣和热情的，所以整个课堂是一种积极有效的学的，所以整个

24、课堂是一种积极有效的学习过程。习过程。第23页/共36页4.Analyses of the two 任务型教学的优点：它提倡以教师教学为主导、以学生它提倡以教师教学为主导、以学生的学习为主体的教学活动。在教学过程的学习为主体的教学活动。在教学过程中教师不再是高高在上的权威和主宰，中教师不再是高高在上的权威和主宰，而是以组织者、引导者、顾问或者同伴而是以组织者、引导者、顾问或者同伴的身份出现，学生的学习也成为一种满的身份出现，学生的学习也成为一种满足需要、发展兴趣、提高能力的过程。足需要、发展兴趣、提高能力的过程。第24页/共36页4.Analyses of the two 任务型教学的优点：它

25、倡导体验、实践、参与、探究、它倡导体验、实践、参与、探究、交流和合作的学习方式，学生在参与教交流和合作的学习方式，学生在参与教师或教材精心设计的任务活动中认识语师或教材精心设计的任务活动中认识语言，运用语言，发现问题，找出规律，言，运用语言，发现问题，找出规律，归纳知识和感受成功。归纳知识和感受成功。第25页/共36页4.Analyses of the two 任务型教学的缺点：课堂效率低，难以保证大班额课堂教学任务的完课堂效率低，难以保证大班额课堂教学任务的完成。成。课堂的组织和任务的设计与实施过分依赖教师的课堂的组织和任务的设计与实施过分依赖教师的教学能力和教学水平，故在目前很难保证大面积

26、的教学能力和教学水平，故在目前很难保证大面积的教学质量的提升。教学质量的提升。课堂中学生的个体活动难以有效监督和控制，反课堂中学生的个体活动难以有效监督和控制，反馈效率低。馈效率低。第26页/共36页4.Analyses of the two“3P”教学法的优点：强调以结构强调以结构功能功能交际为主的教学模式，加大交际为主的教学模式，加大了语言的输入输出量，大大提高了课堂目标语言的了语言的输入输出量，大大提高了课堂目标语言的操练频率。操练频率。教学以演示（教学以演示（presentationpresentation）操练（操练（practicepractice）成果（成果（production

27、production）为基本步骤，教师便于组织和）为基本步骤，教师便于组织和控制课堂，提高了课堂教学效率。控制课堂，提高了课堂教学效率。强调语言结构的分析和词汇、句式、语法的学习，强调语言结构的分析和词汇、句式、语法的学习，大大提高了语言运用的准确性。大大提高了语言运用的准确性。第27页/共36页4.Analyses of the two“3P”教学法的缺点：强调语言的结构和功能，忽视了儿童语言习得的规律，造强调语言的结构和功能，忽视了儿童语言习得的规律，造成课堂教学效果并不是很理想。儿童的语言习得是靠在真成课堂教学效果并不是很理想。儿童的语言习得是靠在真实语境下的实践体验而进行的，片面的语言

28、结构分析和假实语境下的实践体验而进行的，片面的语言结构分析和假设的交际情景并不能激发他们真正的语言学习兴趣和参与设的交际情景并不能激发他们真正的语言学习兴趣和参与的动机。的动机。以教师为中心，忽视了学生在学习中的主体地位，从而导致以教师为中心，忽视了学生在学习中的主体地位，从而导致学生学习兴趣减弱，教学效果低下。学生学习兴趣减弱，教学效果低下。课堂缺乏真正的交际性。现实的交际充满风险性和不可预测课堂缺乏真正的交际性。现实的交际充满风险性和不可预测性，说话人不可能预期对方会说什么，也无法预先准备如性，说话人不可能预期对方会说什么，也无法预先准备如何应答。在何应答。在3P3P课程中，前两个阶段都是

29、受控制的，第三阶课程中，前两个阶段都是受控制的，第三阶段似乎是学生自由发挥，但事实上，学习者很可能会把精段似乎是学生自由发挥，但事实上，学习者很可能会把精力集中在前两个阶段所操练过的语言形式上。力集中在前两个阶段所操练过的语言形式上。第28页/共36页4.Analyses of the two 总之，在“3P”教学法中学生对于语言的运用是建立在知识层面上的，而并非是真实的生活交际需要。所以它是一种以教师的教为中心的知识单向传递的过程，它忽视了学生在学习中的地位和其真正的学习需要。第29页/共36页ThaThank you第30页/共36页Frequency and Proportions Fr

30、equency or:observed frequency Proportions or:relative frequencies 0 00252525505050 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4x xx=30 =30 =30 s ss2 22=105=105=105第31页/共36页Table 2.4(b)Table 2.4(b)Frequency table of the lengths of 100 utterances(in morphemes)of an adult addressing a child aged 3 years See page 14第32页/共36页Some pictures第33页/共36页第34页/共36页第35页/共36页