过去分词的用法讲解.docx

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1、过去分词的用法讲解过去分词的用法在英语语法中很是普遍。那么，如何正确的使用过去分词呢?我们来看看过 去分词的用法解析，只有了解了过去分词的用法，才能正确的运用和使用它。一、基本概念1 .分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。2 .过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表 语、定语、状语和补足语。1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：Don t touch ihe glass because it is broken.不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。He is quite plea

2、sed with the design of the dress.她很喜欢那礼服的式样。2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如：The excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们奔进了大楼We need more qual ified teachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：Is there anything planned for tomorrow?明天有什么活动吗?The suggestion made by the foreign

3、 expert was adopted by the manager.夕卜国专家 提出来的建议被经理采纳了。过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅 写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.这次会议获得很大 的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。3）过去分词做状语：过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让

4、步、方式或伴随情况 等。表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间 概念。如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看， 这个城市就像一个大花园。Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited poo

5、p1o stopped quarrelling with each other.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Compared with your brother, you should mak

6、e greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。Tf heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续

7、他的研究。表方式或伴随情况。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶 下走进了房间。Seated al the table, my father and I were talking about my job.我和父亲坐在桌 子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。4）过去分词作补足语：过去分词可以在 see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：When wi 11 you

8、go to the hospital and have your tooth examined?你什么时候去医院 检查你的牙齿？When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如：One of the glasses was found broken.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。They should be kept informed of the situation there.应该让他们知道那儿

9、的形势。二、特别提醒1 .过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时, 他沉默不语。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。2 .动词have后所接的三种宾语补语：have somebody/something do something不定式作

10、补语必须省去to,不定式动作由宾语 发出，表示一次性的动作。如：I had the workers do the job for me.我让工人们替我完成了工作。Jim often has his father help him with his homework.吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家 庭作业。have somebody /something doing something -ing分词作补语,分词动作也由宾语发 出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如：They had the tractor working all the time.他们让拖拉机一直工作着。We won t have the

11、 child talking to his mother like that.我们不能让那个孩子那 样对他的妈妈说话。have somebody/something done过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关 系，通常有两种情况：主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理发了。Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来,这个中心让人种了很 多树。主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：He had his leg b

12、roken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。He had one eye lost in the war.在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。3 .非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：the bridge to be built将要建造的桥（表示将来的动作）the bridge being built正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的动作）the bridge built造好的桥（表示完成的动作）4 .过去分词和-ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的 特征，如：Hearing the news,

13、 we felt very surprised.听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶The news is very surprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害 怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼汨。英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged

14、; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished 等。5 .过去分词和-ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：boi 1 ed water 开水 boi 1 ing water 正沸腾的水developed

15、countries 发展的国家 developing countries 发展中国家fallen leaves落叶falling leaves正在飘落的叶子changed condition 改变了的情况 changing condition 变化着的情况由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作;而-ing分词作定语可以表示正 在进行的主动的动作。过去分词专项练习I训练一L from the top of the TV tower, and wc can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A. To see B. Seen C. Se

16、eingD. See. All things, the planned trip will have to be called off.A. be considered B. considering C. having considered D. considered.the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree out of her lite.A. Saw; frightenedB. Seen; frightenedC. To see; frighteningD. Seeing; frightened4. Generally spea

17、king,according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. When taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be takenThe research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. begun C. beginning D. having begun6.in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universitie

18、s in the United Stated.A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. FoundingIf you go to Xian, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonlyA. supposed B. supposing C. to suppose D. supposemore attention, the tree could have grown better.A. Given B. lb give C. Giving D. Having g

19、ivenIn order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours my study.A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. being locked.with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain docs not seem high at ali.A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing. Mrs. Bush stood for a moment when an old soldie

20、r suddenly appeared before her.A. surprised B. surprising C. being surprised D. to be surprised.alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left.to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A. Being determinedB. On ha

21、ving determinedC. DeterminedD. To be determined14.1 n a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A. Being settled B. Having settled C. Settled D. SettlingIf law-breaker, the society will be in disorder.A. made unpunished B. cainc unpunishedC. not punishedD. went unpunished15. He must be angry, for

22、 we heard the glass on the floor.A, being broken B. break C. to be break D. brokenYou can fly to the UK this morning you dont mind changing planes inA. because B. provided C. unless D. so far asn this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing.A. To look B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be look

23、ed aln a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A. To be judged the bestC. Having judged the best 20. A cool rain was falling, A. mixed B. mixingB. Judged the bestD. Judging the best with snow.C. to mix D. having mixedMost of the photographers

24、 to the conference were from north Europe.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. having invitedThe assistant worked late into the night,a long speech for the president.A. to have repaired B. repairing C. repaired D. having repaired“Cant you read?” Mary said to the notice.A. angrily pointing B.

25、and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointingThe missing singer was last seen the voice close to the bridge.A. exercising B. to be exercising C. exercise D. to exerciseThe directors discussed the project that they would like to see the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried

26、 out D. to carry outThe visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having added B. io add C. adding D. addedThe speaker raised his voice but couldnt make himself.A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heardA cook will be fired immediately if he is foun

27、d in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smokedII训练二1. Because of my poor English Im afraid I cant make myself.A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understoodThe workers want us together with them.A. work B. working C. to work D. workedWhats the language in Germany?A. speaki

28、ng B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speaksome officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed byMost of the people to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. (o invite C. being invited D. invitingHe was disappointed to find his suggestio

29、ns.A. been turned down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn downDo you know the boy under the big tree?A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying-Good morning. Can I help you?-Id like to have this package, madam.A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighedThere was a terrible noise the sud

30、den burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followedmore attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having giveni 1. The secretary worked late into the night,a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was pr

31、eparingIl was so cold that they kept the fire all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burnedi 3. Generally speaking,according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. when taking B. when taken C. when to takeSuddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl and took her away,intoth

32、e woods.A. seizing; disappeared B. seized: disappeared C. seizing: disappearing D. seized; disappearingHaving a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whether they willenjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seenThe pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain as

33、 the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seatingAfter his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home,.A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted i 8. The boy was last seen near the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; pla

34、yed D. missed; to playThe patient was warned oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eatingWhile building a tunnel through the mountain,.A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discovered underground D. the

35、 workers discovered an underground lakem训练三n 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Foundingtime, hell make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. GivenUnless to speak, you should remain

36、silent at the conference.A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invitedPrices of daily goods through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buyingThe Olympic Games,in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be

37、first played C. first played D. to be first playingThe murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tiedAs we joined the big crowd, I got from my friends.A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed8.the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having givenAnswers:I训练一i-5 DDDBB6-10BAACA 11-15 ABCCD 16-20 ABCBA 21-25 AB A AC 26-28 CDB n训练二i-5 DCBBA6-10BDDBA 11-15 BCBDB 16-20CBACDm训练三i-8 CDABCDAA