新高考英语二轮复习讲义高频解密09名词性从句（原卷版）.docx

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1、2021年新高考英语二轮复习讲义+典例训练高频解密09名词性从句考点详解【命题解读】1 .了解名词性从句的基本用法，掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用，辨析 that 与 what,if与whether等引导词的用法。2 .明确il作形式主语和形式宾语、代替主语从句及宾语从句的用法，及其与强调句的区别。3 .区分ihat引导的同位语从句及定语从句。【命题预测】预计今后高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构而是将其融入一定 的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。考向1主语从句主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。其特点有：(1)引导词：从属连词 that, whethe

2、r：连接代词 who, what, which；whoever, whatever, whichever;连接副词 when, where, how 和 why。(2)语序：陈述句语序(3)在主语从句中只能用whether,不能用ifThat he will win the match is ceriain.It is certain that he will win the match.1. 一般来说主语从句都是放在句首但有时为了使句子保持平衡,避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作 形式主语，从而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有：(2)表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order, dema

3、nd, suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句 的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形“，should可省略。cThe suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary. 每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系起连接作用that不作成分；起连接作用，不可省略作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略whether/how不作成分；起连接作用“是否”；“如

4、何”不引导定语从句wh-words作成分；起连接作用；有自己 的含义，但与先行词之间无关作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分-3The news ihal Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is Irue.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。(同位语从句，that不可省略)hThe news (that) he told me yesterday is true.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略)The only way to succeed at the highest leve

5、l is to have total belief you arc betterthan anyone else on the sports field.A.howB. thatB.C. whichD. whether【参考答案】B【答案解析】句意：最高水平成功的唯一途径是得有一个总的信念，那就是在运动场上你 比任何人都强。分析句子结构可知you are better than anyone else on the sports field是同位语从句，对belief进行解释说明，从句不缺句子成分，故用连接词that引导， 答案为B。1. News came from (he school o

6、ffice Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.C. whatD. where【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查同位语从句。本题属于分割式同位语从句，谓语came较短，同位语从句 较长，名词和同位语从句被from the school office分开，that引导同位语从句Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University解释news的内容,在句中起引导作用，没有具体的意思。 故选B.,难点详解名词性从句考点归纳：1 .名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。1 want to know what he

7、 has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。2 . il充当形式主语或宾语：在名词性从句中，为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句， 而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此句式中。It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。I find it strange that she doesnt want to travel.她竟不想旅游，我觉得很奇怪。3

8、 .在名词性从句中【hat与what的差异：what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语)，在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“ (=the thing or things that.； whatever) 的事物；无论什么；凡是 的事物。Ihat 本身没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文件中，宾语从句中的that 常常省略。What you have done might do harm to others.你所做的事或许对别人有害处。1 spent what little time I had with my family.我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。No on

9、e knows what will happen next.谁也不知道下一步有什么事。I think(that) you will like the stamps.我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。4 . whether和if的差异:(1)引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，只能采用whether。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。(2)介词宾语只用whether引导。方He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling.他焦虑

10、地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。(3)当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，不能被if替换。西Whether he will come or not, I am not sure.我无法确认他是否会来。(4) whether 经常与 or nol 直接连用，构成 whether or not。5 dont know whether or not hell come.我不知道他是来还是不来。(5)后接动词不定式时只能用whether。aCan you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是留？(6)动词discuss后面只能接whether

11、引导的宾语从句。方Wc discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨论我们是否关闭这家商店。5 .宾语从句和主句的时态呼应：(1)当主句谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态时，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。bWill you tell me how I can keep fit?能告诉我如何保持健康吗？(2)当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，为保持时态一致，宾语从句应采用相应的过去时态。bJack told me that he had been there twice.杰克告诉我他去过那儿两次了。(3)当主句谓语为过去时态时，宾语从句表示客观真理、客观存在的事

12、物、格言时，仍然 采用一般现在时。方Long ago people knew that there are four seasons in a year.很久以前，人们就知道一年有四个季节。6 .连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever引导名词性从句的含义：(1) whoever 的用法:(=the person or people who.)的那个人方Whoever said that?到底谁讲的这话？(=any person who.)的任何一个人Tell whoever you like； it makes no diHerence lo me.你愿意告诉谁就告诉

13、谁对我来说都无所谓。(2) whatever 的用法：(=any or every)任何；每一今Take whatever action is needed.采取任何必要的措施。(=anything or everything)任何事物；一切事物bYou must do whatever is best for you.什么对你最有利你就得做什么。(表示做什么或发生什么都没关系，因为结果都一样)无论什么，不管什么You have our support, whatever you decide.不管你做何决定，都会得到我们的支持。(3) whichever 的用法:(表示什么特征或品质在作决定

14、时重要)的那个；的那些bfake whichever hat suits you best.挑个最适合你戴的帽子。无论哪个；无论哪些的Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。7 .虚拟语气结构在名词性从句中的应用：(1)主语从句bIt is necessary that he(should)come to see us.他有必要来看望我们。(2)宾语从句*The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest.老师建议我们休息会儿。(3)表语从句行My sugges

15、tion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English.我的建议是我们应该阅读英文报纸来提高我们的英语水平。8 . it作形式主语和il引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。 而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都用连词that, 被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。Its a pity that he missed the opportunity to travel abroad.他错过了去国外旅游的机会，真是可惜。W

16、ho was it that won (he World Cup in 2014?谁赢得了 2014 年的世界杯?检测训练(高考真题+名校检测)一、单项选择（2020天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true ProfessorJoseph had said.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.where（2020天津卷）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish I putmy mind to.A.wheneverB. whateverC.wh

17、ereverD.whichever（2019江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way intothe human body.A. whatB.thatC.whichD.where（2016北京卷）The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can beentirely free from dust.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.why1. （2015陕西卷）Reading her biography, I was lost

18、in admiration for Doris Lessing hadachieved in literature.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how2. （2008安徽卷）Students are always interested in finding out they can go with a newteacher.A.how farB.how longC.how often D.how soon3. （2013天津卷）I want to tell you is （he deep love and respect I have for my parents.A.ThatB.W

19、hichC.WhetherD.What（2015浙江卷）If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below thewater surface. Often there arc rocks or branches hidden in the water.A. whatB.whoC.thatD.whoever（2015湖南卷）You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best wayof getting there.A. whatB.thatC. whereD.

20、who4. （2015福建卷）一I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years.一By working out every day.A. whereB.howC.whyD.ifIL （2015北京卷）I truly believebeauty comes from within.A.thatB. whereC.whatD.why12. （2007江苏卷）Choosing the right dictionary depends onyou want to use it for.A.whatB.whyC.how.whether13.

21、 （2014四川卷）Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, ThatsI wasbom.A. whenB.howC.whyD.whcre14. （2014山东卷）It is difficult for us to imaginelife was like for slaves in the ancientworld.A. whereB.whatC.whichD.why15. （2014江苏卷）-What a mess! You arc always so lazy!一Im not to blame, mum. I am you have made m

22、e.A. howB.whatC.thatD.who（2014湖南卷）As John Lennon once said, life is happens to you while you are busymaking other plans.A.WhichB.thatC.whatD.where17. （2014.福建卷）Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do.A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether18. （2012上海卷）There is much truth in the ideakindness is usua

23、lly served byfrankness.A. whyB.whichC.thatD.whether. (2013上海卷)Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look finein they arewearing.A.thatB.whatC.howD.which. (2() 13上海卷)1 have no idea the cell phone isnt working, so could you fix it forme?A. whatB.whyC.ifD.which.This pictur

24、e exhibition held in the school art gallery will reveal to us when it wasfounded 135 years ago.A.how our school looked likeB.what did our school look likeC.whal our school looked likeD.how did our school look like19 .As teachers we shouldnt accept the argument given by some people standardizedtests

25、restrict educators too much and take the joy out of teaching.A. whereB.whatC.howD.that20 .According to The Sun, British scientists have solved the ancient riddle of camefirstchicken or egg?A. whoB.whatC. whichD.that21 .After seemed an endless wait,was his turn to have the job interview.A.that, itB.w

26、hich, thatC.vvhat, which D.what, it22 .Mother asked the youngest kid with his toy car.A.what the matter wasB.what is the matterC.whal the matter is D.what was (he matter1.1 lt shocked the world the United Stales withdrew from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris A

27、greement on climate change mitigation and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal.A.whichB.whatC.whetherD.that27 .theyve managed to get everything finished so quickly is not clear to us.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.How28 .work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our

28、social values.A.HowB. WhetherC.ThatD.Why29 .The small restaurant is always crowded in eveiy part.That,s it has a unique dining environment and quite a few wondcrfiil dishes.A.whyB.becauseC. whereD.when3O.If you leave this application form and go to another website, you will lose you havealready fill

29、ed out on this form.A. whateverB. whoeverC. where verD.whenever31 . （2018北京高三二模）It gives us great delight Chinese science fictions are becomingincreasingly popular.A.howB.whatC.thatD.why32 .When it came to online games, my deskmate asked me a question I had playedhe called Angry Birds.A.that; whichB

30、.whether; thatC.whether; what D.that; where. （2018北京海淀高三二模）40 grams of meat per day is people should consume inorder to stay fit.A.lhalB.whyC.howD.what33 .Could you check my list to see I have forgotten anything?No problem.A.whetherB. whichC.that D.what1.1 It is not surprising the new course on elec

31、tronic games has attracted many students.A. whatB.whichC.that D. where36 .Its thirty years since we last met.一But I still remember the story, believe it or not,we got lost on a rainy night.A. whichB.thatC.whatD.when37 .The employer confirmed his claim he had made to the employees he said he wouldimp

32、rove treatment and working conditions.A.whatB.that C.whcn D.where. （2020江苏扬州中学高三月考）The Oscars have been around for so long that they serve as an indicator of the Hollywood community values now and in the past.A.thatB. where C.how D.what. （2018北京石景山高三一模）Self- confidence is a kind of quality and that

33、is it takes to do everything well.A. whyB.thatC.whatD.which38 . （2018天津高三一模）A proposal was put forward at the meeting the new cementplant shouldnt be built near the school.A. whenB. whereC.thatD.which二、根据所给汉语意思完成句子.Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with friends.is a wi-f

34、i connection.如今，我们可以一边周游世界，一边与朋友保持联系.你所需要的就是无线网络。39 .这首歌听起来很好听。我们上楼去看看谁在唱歌。This song sounds very pleasant. Lets go upstairs and see.40 .是什么原因让他这次考试没有及格？fail this exam?41 .that the old method cannot meet new requirements.很明显，旧方法无法满足 新的需求。42 .听起来好像你在开玩笑。（sound）you arc joking.43 .老板只在乎你做了什么而不是你说了什么。（wh

35、at引导宾语从句）The boss only cares but not.44 .看看这些乌云，看起来好像要下雨了。（as if）Look at these black clouds. It it is going to rain.45 .我不太确定你是否正确。（whether引导宾语从句）Im not quite sure.46 .我想知道你能不能帮我一个忙。（wonder if/whether）you would mind doing me a favour.47 .难怪他们看起来那么像，他们是双胞胎啊！ （wonder）they look the same, they are twins

36、!48 .那个男孩子做的事情让老师很生气。（what引导宾语从句）The teacher got angry because of.49 .无论他说什么都是对的。（引导主语从句）he said was right.1.1 1 have no idea.我不知道你喜欢什么。三、句型转换.Tom came late for the meeting because he was ill.Tom was ill. he came lale for （he mee【ing.（同义句转换）.Tom came late for the meeting because he was ill.Tom came

37、late for the meeting. he was ill.（同义句转换）is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。It is+名词词组(no wonden an honour a good thing a pity, no surprise, common knowledge, a surprise.a fact, etc. )+that.的ts a pity that we cant go.很遗憾我们不能去。Il is+过去分词(said, reported thought, expected decided,

38、 announced, arranged, etc.) + that 由it has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted. 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。It appcars/sccms that.|It happens that.|It occurred to me that.|It turned out that.turned out that nobody remembered the address.结果发现没人记得这地址。It doesnt matt

39、er makes no difference that.It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。2 .当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。行Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗？3 .当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以il作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。bHow strange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪！1. (2018 天津

40、卷单项填空)The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first placein the bicycle race.A. whomeverB. whereverC. whoeverD. whatever【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。 分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever,表示“任何人，无论谁。故选C。2. (2017北京卷单项填空)Eveiy year,makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite

41、Festival.A. whateverB. whoever C. whomeverD. whichever【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构川知， makes the most beautiful kite作主语，且所填词指人，既作从句的主语又作主句的主语，所以选 whoever（whomevei不能作主语）。句意：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。3. （2016江苏卷单项填空）It is often the case anything is possible for those whohang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD.

42、 that【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语 从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词 why要在句中作状语，连接代词what通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名 词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。【归纳总结】主语从句的规律规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。例 l.When will he come is not known.正： When he will come is not known.规律二、连词that在从句中无实际意

43、义，但不能省略。例 2. He will not come to the meeting ihis evening is true.正：That he will not conic to the meeting this evening is true.规律三、whether可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能例 3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.正： Whelher the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.规律四、主语从句的谓语动词多用单数第

44、三人称形式。例 4. When he will come arc a puzzle.IE ： When he will conic is a puzzle.考向2表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。一、引导表语从句的关联词的种类：1 .可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。由China is no longer what she used to be.今Fl的中国不再是过去的中国了。由Ihe question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。At

45、that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。2 .从属连词whether, as, as if/though引导的表语从句。bHe looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。宙It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。3 . because, why引导的表语从句。Thats because he didnt understan

46、d me.那是因为他没有理解我。（Thats because.强调 原因）Thats why he go（ angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。（Thals why.强调结果）.连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, whyHThe problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。评The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。防That was

47、 what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。4 .从属连词that：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。【归纳拓展】学习表语从句应该注意以下几点。（1）通常只用that引导表语从句的情况。句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句采用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。身The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。句子的主语为the result时，表语从句采用that引导。kThe result is that many of them become fat.结果是他们中许多人发胖了。由why引导的从句作主语时。aWhy we dec