大学英语四级考试CET4阅读120篇.docx

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1、第一篇人文篇passage 1Passage 1建议用时：8分钟From:To:When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change一at times a slow, almost impe

2、rceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but o

3、f many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a

4、sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of th

5、e Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to 待不同

6、的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。2. A细节题。意为与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的。Pepsi 采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。3. C推断题。意为成认商业世界中文化的多元性。两个派别都成认商业世界中 文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，应该对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采 取不同的策略。4. D主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态， 而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。5. B细节题。意为都具有耐心这一素质、并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入 都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地

7、文化，或是采纳国际化策略。第一篇 人文篇Passage 3Passage 3 建议用时：7.5 分钟 From:To:As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-knownEnglish class system. This is an embarrassing subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present centuryclass-consciousness has grow

8、n less and less, and the class system less rigid.J But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the“middle class“ and the working class” . (We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class” , including the hereditary aristocracy, since it is extremely sma

9、ll in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.) The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual an

10、d unskilled workers.The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of /zreceived pronunciation0 which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local

11、 accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. To have been to a so-called public school“ immediately marks you out as one of the middle class. The middle classes tend to live a more for

12、mal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. Their midday meal is lunch“ and they have a rather formal evening meal called dinner” , whereas the working man s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper.As we have said,

13、 however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions.Working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the dist

14、inctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear.However, regardless of one s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a labourer with the same respect he gives an important businessma

15、n. Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. Even the word sir, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used.1. The middle class mainly refers to people .A. who were born as aristocratwho have the right to sit in the House

16、 of LordsB. who speak in many different local accentswho are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions2. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in English is their.A. dressB. workC. accentD. meal3. Why isn t the word sir commonly used in Britain?A. Be

17、cause it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment.B. Because it can only be used in some certain occupations.C. Because it is an impolite word.D. Because it shows that the speaker is not a well-bred person.4. The “upper class in England today .A. are extremely small in number so that

18、media pays no attention to themstill uses old words like Sir in their everyday lifeB. includes the hereditary aristocracyrefers only to the royal family5. Which of the following is not true about the English class system?A. It is an embarrassing subject for English people.B. Working-class students c

19、annot receive a university education.C. The class system is much less rigid than it was.D. The class system still exists below the surface.Vocabularyconvention n.习俗1. embarrass v.使困窘rigid adj.严格2. hereditary adj.世袭的manual adj.体力的3. accent n. 口音received pronunciation adj.（英语的）标准发音4. well-bred adj.有教养

20、的servility n.卑屈5. occupation n.职业长难句解析【解析】这是一个复合句，主句由and引导的两个并列句组成，though 引导的让步状语从句，也是由两个并列的句子组成。【译文】尽管本世纪等级意识越来越淡，等级制度也越来越不严格，但对于英国人 来说它仍是一个尴尬的话题，仍旧引以为耻。【解析】这是一个复合句，由and引导的两个并列句组成，s。that作 grown的状语。【译文】劳工家庭中的孩子上大学成为非常平常的事情，此后他们也加入各种专业 行当。劳工阶层的工资近来也快速增长，使得两个阶层间的界线越来越模糊。答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述英国等级意识虽然越来越淡，但

21、在表层下，等级仍然存 在。而阶层的最大区别是他们的口音。LD细节题。意为那些比拟富裕的生意人或有一定的职业的人。见第一段的倒 数第二句：中产阶级主要包括富裕的生意人和有一定的职业的人。所以正确答案应该是Do2. C细节题。意为口音。见第二段的第一句：他们之间最明显的区别是他们的 口音。所以正确答案应该是Co3. A推断题。意为因为它听起来太过谦卑，很可能会引起尴尬。见文章的最后 两句：谦卑会引起尴尬和不悦。甚至像先生”这样的词，除了在特定的职业中（如商业、 军队）外，也不太常用，因为它听起来太过谦卑。所以正确答案应该是Ao4. C细节题。A选项前半是对的。上流社会人数很少，后半是错的，媒体还在

22、关注 他们，注意一定要看清楚再选。B选项相关内容在文末。D没有提到。B在第一段中间出现， 是正确答案。5. B细节题。意为来自工人阶级家庭的学生不能接受大学教育。见第三段第二 句的前半句：来自工人阶级家庭的学生接受大学教育并且某种职业的情况已十分普遍。所以 选项B的答案与文章不相符，是正确答案。第一篇 人文篇Passage 4Passage 4建议用时：6分钟From:To:There are people in Italy who can, t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in

23、 America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens They tell you its a g

24、ame better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there s the sport that glorifies the hit.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replay

25、s, close ups. The geometry of the game, however; is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. Th

26、e TV won t do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch

27、what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman7 s position Suppose the pitch is a ball.“N

28、othing happened/ you say. I could have had my eyes closed/The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; w

29、atch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.1. The passage is mainly concerned with .A. the different tastes of people for sport

30、sthe different characteristics of sportsB. the attraction of footballthe attraction of baseball2. Those who don t like baseball may complain that.A. it is only to the taste of the oldit involves fewer players than footballB. it is not exciting enoughit is pretentious and looks funny3. The author adm

31、its that.A. baseball is too peaceful for the youngbaseball may seem boring when watched on TVB. football is more attracting than baseballbaseball is more interesting than football4. By stating Z/I could have had my eyes closed. the author means (4th paragraph last sentence):A. The third baseman woul

32、d rather sleep than play the game.B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment agoz it could make no different to the result.C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well.D. The consequent was too bad he could no

33、t bear to see it.5. We can safely conclude that the author.A. likes footballB. hates footballC. hates baseballD. likes baseballVocabularydugout n.棒球场边供球员休息的地方1. pitcher n. 投手symphony n.交响乐2. chamber n. 室内contemplate vt沉思，注视长难句解析【解析】此句的主干是Baseball.means.watching，其中 Min funny tight outfits用来修饰grown me

34、n , standing.和staring用来做grown men 的定语。【译文】对于他们来说，棒球就是在无聊的几个小时中几个身着紧身衣的大人伫立 在场地周围没事可做地东张西望。【解析】这是一个复合句,goes up. , flexes. takes. , glances.” 做the third baseman的并列谓语。【译文】但每当投球手掷出球的那一瞬间，你再看吧，三垒运发动脚尖点地，屈臂 或把接球手套直指前方，左右移动步伐，或前或后，或许他还要越过场地盯着一垒球手的动 作。答案与详解【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。LD主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见认为它毫无活

35、力、从 容和缓，不像橄榄球那样高潮迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根 本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：如果橄榄球是一曲 交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐可见，本文主要探 讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。A不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏 好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。2. C细节题。文章第一段指出：许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚 至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场 上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生没意思透了

36、。他们认为这样的运动 更适合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。A意为：它只适合老年人的口味。 注意：原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意味不一样。D意为：它矫揉造作、滑 稽可笑这与说它gentlemanly(具有绅士风度,矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。3. B推断题。第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不 断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投 入(project)到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(The TV won t do it for you),因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(s

37、eems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉 沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运 动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。4. B推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运发动假设对方 全投出好球，作好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做 都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是B项所写的。A、C、D都不符合 作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。5. D推断题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是： 只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运发

38、动 的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它, 才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地 投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。主要参 考第三、四、五段。convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conj

39、unctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order; there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attenti

40、on to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and gr

41、ew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and writen contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .A. attempt to continue the standardization of the languageB. evaluate language pra

42、ctices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patternsC. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or historybe more aware of the rules of the language usage2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word inflection“ used in line 4 of paragraph 2.A.

43、Changes in the forms of words.第一篇 人文篇Passage 5Passage 5 建议用时：7.5 分钟 From:To:Among the more colorful characters of Leadville7 s golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife,Elizabeth McCourtzbetter known as Baby Doe” .Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West.Horace Austin

44、Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont.With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas.Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking,or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines.At any rate,a few years later he

45、moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch,which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here. he said.As it turned outjt was silvennot lead,that was to make Leadville7 s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew lit

46、tle about mining himselfzso he opened a general store,which sold everything from boots to saltjloucand tobacco.It was his custom to “grubstake prospective minersjn other wordszto supply them with food and supplies,or “grub , while they looked for ore,in return for which he would get a share in the m

47、ine if one was discoveredHe did this for a number of years,but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.Finally one day in the year 1878zso the story goesztwo miners came in and asked for grub” . Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way.These were p

48、ersistent, however,and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. Oh help yourself.One more time won t make any difference/ He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers.the two miners took $17 worth of suppliesjn return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings.They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig.After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver.Tabor bought the shares of the other two men,and so the mine belonged to him alone.This mine,known as the Pittsburgh Mine/7 made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return fo