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1、2023年高考英语阅读理解满分攻略+名校模拟专项训练专题04专攻阅读理解说明文选标题18篇原卷版01 （2023河北模拟预测）Earths natural resources include air, minerals, plants, soil, water, and wildlife. Conservation is the care and protection of these resources so that they can survive for future generations. It includes maintaining diversity of species,

2、genes, and ecosystems, as well as functions of the environment, such as nutrient cycling.Continued human population growth has led to unsustainable rates of consumption of our natural resources, resulting in a loss of Earths biodiversity. The main factors driving biodiversity loss include habitat de

3、struction, climate change, invasive （入侵的）species and pollution.Declining biodiversity is closely intertwined with species extinction. While extinction is a normal process of nature, the rate at which it is happening today is not. Scientists estimate that current extinction rates are about a thousand

4、 times higher now than would be expected based on the fossil record, and that we may be experiencing a mass extinction event, which is when 75 percent or more species are lost at a time.The extinction of the passenger pigeon is a famous example of an extinction caused by human activity. It was once

5、the most richest land bird in North America, with a population of approximately three to five billion when Europeans arrived. Despite its vast numbers, this pigeon became extinct in the wild by the 1900s because of overhunting. The last individual bird, named Martha, died in captivity in 1941 at the

6、 Cincinnati Zoo.Conservation practices and policies-ranging from the removal of invasive species, to setting aside protected land for wildlife and plants, to establishing the U. S. Endangered Species Act （ESA）have been put in place to deal with these extinction pressures. Currently, more than 26,500

7、 species are estimated to be at risk of extinction, though the exact number is difficult to calculate.1. How does the author illustrate conservation“ in the text?A. By giving a definition.B By offering an example.C. By listing some facts.D. By making comparisons.2. What does the underlined part inte

8、rtwined with“ mean in paragraph 3?A Caused by.B Connected to.C. Disturbed by.D. Similar to.they heard the buzzing sound.“Birds tend to avoid stinging insects/7 Russo says. When nest boxes or tree holes are occupied by hornets, birds do not even attempt to explore them, not to mention nest there.29.

9、Why were the king snakes mentioned in the text?A. To prove they are scary.B To confirm a phenomenon.C. To show they are poisonous.D. To compare them with flies.30. What is mouse-eared bats9 talent?A. They can make sounds.B They can copy wasps.C. They can poison insects.D. They can escape from nets.3

10、1. What does the experiment result show? A. Owls like the bafs bee-like sound.B Human-raised owls dont like to eat bats.C. Wild owls have a stronger ability to survive.D. Wild owls have been attacked by wasps before.32. What can be the best title for the text?A. Sounds Can Help Bats and Owls Escape

11、B Clever Insects Learn Skills from Each Other C. Some Animals Can Learn from Their EnemiesD. Bats Make Sounds like Wasps to Escape Owls09 （2023全国二模）A concert that features Ancient Tang poems is set to hit the US next month to celebrate the Chinese Lunar New Year and the 50th anniversary of The Phila

12、delphia Orchestras historic 1973 tour of China. The program entitled Echoes of Ancient Tang Poems is set to be released on Jan 6 and 7,2023 in Philadelphia and New York. iSING! Suzhou and The Philadelphia Orchestra present the program. The show, led by former Philadelphia Orchestra Assistant Conduct

13、or Lio Kuokman, features ancient Chinese lyrical texts（居本）fiom young composers who were selected from the 2020 iSING! Composition Competition.The 2020 iSING! Composition Competition is a five-month-long process of selecting winning composers from more than 200 entries from nine countries. The panel

14、of judges included Hao Jiang Tian, well-known bass（男低音歌手）, iSING! founder and artistic director. Founded in 2011, iSING! Art Festival is the first international vocal art festival in China. Since 2014, over 380 singers from more than 30 countries have been selected to come to China to participate in

15、 the annual iSING! Suzhou Art Festival. Poets of the Tang Dynasty featured in the incoming program Echoes of Ancient Tang Poems include Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Du Fu, Du Mu, Zhang Ji, and Wang Bo.“I was initially worried about being able to connect both historically and culturally,“ said Fernando Buide de

16、l Real in an official press statement. But I soon realized Tang poetic sentiments（诗意）are universal and go beyond geographical boundaries. During the COVID lockdown, I found resonance（共鸣）in Wang Bos poem about friendship, loneliness, and separation. The precision and depth of the Chinese language is

17、amazing. Every character and every phrase is filled with meaning.”Januarys concert also aims to celebrate the 50th anniversary of The Philadelphia Orchestras 1973 tour of China. Over the past 50 years, the Orchestra has returned to China 12 times, more than any other US orchestra.“I think this event

18、 is very important to China and the US, especially in terms of cultural exchanges J Hao Jiang Tian said. During the COVID-19 pandemic, performing arts around the world has been greatly affected and impacted. Our incoming event integrates ancient Tang poems, new forms of music, and singers from 9 dif

19、ferent countries-this is the first time in history. In the current situation, such performance is particularly important,Tian said.33. What can we learn about iSING! Art Festival?A. It was established in the year of 2014.B Its founders include Conductor Lio Kuokman.C. It is the first international v

20、ocal art festival in China.D. It is held every other year in Suzhou and Philadelphia.34. How did Fernando Buide del Real like Wang Bos poem?A. He found it tough to understand.B - He couldnt think too highly of it.C. He could hardly share Wangbos sad emotions.D. He felt its contents were unrealistic

21、and strange.35. Which can replace the underlined word “integrates“ in the last paragraph?A. Affects.B. Balances.C. Inspects.D. Combines.36. What can be a suitable title for the news report?A. Tang Dynasty poems concert to celebrate Chinese New YearB Poets of Tang Dynasty featured in Echoes of Ancien

22、t Tang PoemsC. 50th anniversary of The Philadelphia Orchestral 1973 tour of ChinaD. Process of selecting winning composers for 2020 iSING! Composition Competition10 （2023福建三明高三期末）For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be essential. Now, scientists have tak

23、en “one small step99 towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing its possible to grow thale cress, a small flowering plant, in lunar soil.The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement,

24、 For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform, explained Professor Rob Feri. It makes sense that we would want to use the soil thats already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. So, what happens when you grow plants in luna

25、r soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar fhrniers?” Professor Feri questioned.To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in lunar soil, add water, nutrients, and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thal

26、e cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that simulate Martian soils. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between

27、 the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.Growing plants in lunar soils may also change the moon itself, according to Dr. Stephen Elardo. The moon is a

28、very, very dry place”, he said. How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies.37. Whats the second paragrap

29、h mainly about?A. The significance of the findings.B. The plants grown in the lunar soil.C. The missions of future space exploration.D. The hope fbr setting up a lunar settlement.38. Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment?A. Its genes are suitable for lunar soil.B. It has a long evolu

30、tionary history.C. It has been tested with lunar soil before.D. People have a good knowledge of its genes.39. What did researchers find about the plants grown in lunar soil?A. They absorbed few nutrients.B They didnt grow well enough.C They grew slowly in the dark.D. They needed more water to grow b

31、igger.40. What is the best title for the text?A. Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar SoilB Scientists Conduct a Study on Lunar SoilC. Scientists Prepare for Farming on the MoonScientists Hope to Collect More Lunar Soil11 （2023山东荷泽高三期末）People do physical exercise as part of their healthy lifestyle to get

32、 stronger and healthier.There are three basic modes of physical exercise: flexibility exercise helps the human body in general or its part in particular to be able to reach farther and bend better; aerobic exercise helps the body work hard for a long time; anaerobic exercise makes the arms and legs

33、stronger.It has long been known that exercise is not only good for your body, but also for your mind. According to researchers, gymnasts are more likely to be emotionally stable, football players the most outgoing and swimmers the happiest.The psychological study, which was carried out by experts, a

34、lso revealed that sports can also offer clues to a persons attitude to charity, reading habits and even their voting intentions. Boxers, for example, are most likely to focus on material possessions in life. Meanwhile, runners tend to be outgoing people who love being the centre of attention. Walker

35、s, a group that includes those who enjoy wandering and cross-country races, are least concerned about other people and like doing things by themselves without interruption from others. Those who play chess are confident when they face challenges and trouble. Those who swim tend to be tidy and charit

36、able. However, according to Mind Lab, 61 percent of adults are fond of helping others regardless of their choice of sports.The results from this study also show that no matter what kind of person you are, there is the right kind of exercise for you.41. Which of the following sports belongs to flexib

37、ility exercise?A. Running.B. Swimming. C. Football.D. Gymnastics.42. What can we learn from the text?A. Walkers enjoy loneliness in their lives.B Boxers tend to ignore wealth in life.C. Runners have great power of concentration.D. Chess players like challenging other people.43. Why does the author m

38、ention Mind Lab in Paragraph 4?A To make a contrast.B. To draw a comparison.C. To place an emphasis.D. To give an example.44. What is the best title for the text?A. How can you choose suitable sports?B. What kind of sports can benefit you most?C. How can sports keep you mentally healthy?D. What does

39、 your choice of sports tell about you?12 （2023河南高三期末）Life in a city can be especially hard for a tree. Buildings, pollution, poor soil, insects, and even car crashes can add to tree loss. Now, the warming climate is making a trees life even harder, Between 2016 and 2021, Seattle lost about 255 hecta

40、res of tree covering. Climate change was blamed in part for the loss. Then came the driest summer on Seattles record books in 2022. The drier conditions and hotter temperatures have left many trees with brown leaves, naked branches, and extreme seeding. These are all signs of tree stress.Researchers

41、 from France and Australia studied the effect of hotter temperatures and less rain on over 3, 100 trees and other plants in 164 cities across 78 countries. They found about half the trees in the cities were experiencing climate conditions beyond their limits. They also found that by 2050 nearly all

42、trees planted in Australian cities wont survive.Its not the gradual change thafs going to be the problem. Its these extreme swings of too much water, too little water, too much wind, and storm intensities that are going to cause these rapid changes. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina destroyed about 10%6 of

43、 the trees in New Orleans. And in 2021, Humcane Ida uprooted many new trees. With climate change, researchers are also concerned that many cities will lose newly planted trees before they reach maturity.Non-native trees have been brought to cities for some time. However, climate change is causing ma

44、ny tree experts to specifically consider them-a practice called assisted migration”. In Bellevue, experts are growing different kinds of trees specifically fbr climate change. On city grounds, they re planting baby giant sequoias, just a few centimeters tall. The giant sequoias arent native to the P

45、acific Northwest area. But tree managers in Bellevue are planting more sequoias because they can deal with the lack of rain and insects.Planting more non-native trees is also drawing attention to something city tree experts have learned from years of tree deaths: having many different kinds and ages

46、 of trees is important to keep urban forests alive.45 . What happened to Seattle in 2022?A. Many trees there showed signs of stress.B. Climate change attracted public attention.C. It experienced the driest weather in the world.D. Its tree covering decreased by about 255 hectares.46. Which of the fol

47、lowing conditions is most likely to cause tree deaths?A. Frequent small storms.B Gradual climate change.C. Sudden extreme weather.D. Lack of abundant sunshine.47. What conclusion can be drawn when it comes to keeping city tree covering alive?A. The younger, the better.B The greater space, the better

48、.C The fewer non-native trees, the better.D The greater diversity, the better.48. What can be the best title for the text?A. City Trees Can Help Fight Climate ChangeB Climate Change Causes City Trees to StruggleC. Trees Play a Specially Important Role in CitiesD. Assisted Migration Helps Keep Urban Forests Alive13 （2023河北石家庄,高三期末）Whales, particularly baleen and sperm whales, are among the largest creatures on Earth. Their presence in the ocean shapes the ecosystems around them. These creatures are also helping to determine the temperature of the planet.When