Module2知识点详解-挖空-2022-2023学年人外研版八年级英语下册.docx

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1、八(下)Module 2 Experiences模块语法详解Unit 1 Fve also entered lots of speaking competitions. (A3).I am entering a competition. 我正参加一个比赛。enter-entered-entered(Denter = take part in = join in 意为“参加，报名”；enter = come/go into还有“进入之意。Several of the worlds finest runners have the race.The thieves entered the build

2、ing by the back door.小偷从后门进入大楼。输入(姓名，号码，细节等)enter sth. into sth.To find a book in the library, enter a key word the computer. (A3).ItUl help you improve your speaking.那将帮助你提高英语水平。help sb. (to) do sth. help sb. with sth.help.un：谢谢你的帮助I often help him (to) learn English. 1 often help him his English.我

3、常帮他学英语。 (A3).And maybe you will win a prize.或许你可以得个奖。maybe是副词,“也许；大概，=perhaps,常位于句首Maybe you are right.二You may be right.你可能是对的。在may be中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语，”也许是；可能是”He may be a student.他可能是一个学生。 Jim angry.吉姆可能生气了。【辨析】win, lose, beat的用法：win-won-won“赢，获胜”，win+ a race/ a game/ a match/ a war/a

4、prize/a gold medal 等。win 后不能接 人或队伍Mike won in the surfing competition.迈克在冲浪比赛中获得了第一名。beat-beat-beaten战胜；打败”,+人、队名、国家等。We them and won the football match.打败(3)lose-lost-lost 输 + a race/ a game/ a match/ a war/a prize/a gold medal +to+人、队名、国家We lost the football match France. (A3).The first prize is “

5、My dream holiday”. 一等奖是“我的梦想假期”。Lcn梦;梦想，梦寐以求的(只用于名词前作定语)Unit 3 Language in use （A4）.【Pm having a wonderful time in Beijing.我在北京玩得开心。 （A5）.Alice can pronounce very well, and whats more, she can write beautiful.爱丽丝的发音很好，而且书写也很 漂亮。 （A8）.Do you love nature and want to keep forests safe?你喜欢大自然并且想保护森林安全吗？

6、“keep、make, find+sb./sth.+形容词”意为“使/让某人/物保持某种状态”（A8）.The world needs more treesbuy one today.这个世界需要更多的树今天买一颗【辨析】one, it与that的用法辨析：。ne是前面提到的同类事物，但不是同一件（同类异物、可数），表示“泛指”；复数形式是。nes。I have a new bag and some old ones.我有个新包和几个I日包。（不定）I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。（不定）it是同一事物

7、（同类同物）其复数形式是they。如：I want to ride your bike. Lend it to me, please.请把它借给我。（同一物）I cant find my hat. I dont know where I put it.我不知道我把它放在哪 了。（同一物）that只指物，不指人，可替代可数名词或不可数名词，指同类事物中的另一样东西，即同类异物。如：The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.（同类但不同个）你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。The library of our school is bigger than

8、 that of yours.我们学校的图书馆比你们学校的大。（that代替另一个图书馆。） （A8）.The Grow-a Forest gift is part of an exciting plan to make our world greener, and every gift helps to protect our world.这份名为“种一片森林”的礼物是一项令人激动的计划的一部分，这项计划旨在为我们的世界增添一份绿 色，每一份礼物都有益于保护我们的世界。【知识点】make+宾语+adj / make sb. do sth.【知识点】protect sb./sth. firom

9、/against.保护/防止某人/某物不受（伤害）现在完成时（1）一、现在完成时的用法.表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在产生影响或结果。I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去,。但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。）常和 already, yet, just, ever, never, before 等副词连用。already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 I have already found my

10、pen. = I have found my pen already.yet己经否定句“还”和疑问句句尾“已经”I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever 曾经疑问句句中 Have you ever seen pandas?never 从不 句中 I have never been to Beijing.just 刚刚句中 I have just done my work.before 以前 句尾例：I have never been there before.recently 最近，不久前句首或句

11、尾 例：I have heard from him recently.1 .表示过去某段时间开始的动作或存在的状态，可能已结束也有可能一直持续到现在，常接“since+时间点” “for+时间段” （M3+M4会学到）He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年一直住到现在可能还要继续住下去，可能不住了。）I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经待 了 五年多了。（动作开始于5年前一直延续至今有可能还要继续下去，可能已经结束。）注意： 有“since+时间点

12、”“for+时间段，“up to now=so far 到目前为止 “in the past/last/recent few years 在过去的/最近那些年 few years在过去的那些年 “how long” 动词（have+done里的done ）只能是延续性动词二.现在完成时的构成have/has+过去分词（have, has可以缩写为ve或s）三.现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work.一般疑问句 Has he finished the work?否定句 He has not finished the work. 两回答 Yes ,he h

13、as. No, he hasift.特殊疑问句 What has he done?四、动词过去式、过去分词的规则变化. 一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。如：playplayedplayed; rainrainedrained1 .在以 e 结尾的动词后加-d。如：hope-hoperf- hope J; like-liked, name-* named, close-eclosed.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y改为i再加-ed。如:studystudied-studied; carryf carried;2 .以重读闭音节或字母r结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-e

14、d。如: stopf stoppedf stopped; preferprefeiredf preferred; planplannerf; dropdropped【注意】travel和quarrel在英式英语中要双写，在美式英语中不双写。五、不规则动词的过去式、过去分词须重点记忆重在日常积累见书后不规则动词表P126I had a last night.我昨晚做了个奇怪的梦。Tve always wanted to go on a holiday 梦想中的假期。2. v.做梦;梦见;梦想 过去式和过去分词分别为：dreamed, dreamed/dreamt, dreamtdreamsth.

15、 梦见I the beautiful sea.我梦见了美丽的大海。 dream of /about +n./pron/doing.梦见/梦想.I have never dreamed/dreamt of.我从来没有梦想获得一等奖。(3) dream +宾从梦到The little girl dreamt that she would her matches. .梦至U她会卖完她的火柴。 (A3).Have you ever won any prizes before?你以前曾经得过奖吗？【知识点】have/has sb. ever+done”，用于询问某人过去的经历。Dever曾经；从来；在任

16、何时候”，位于过去分词之前，用以加强语气，常用于一般疑问句中。-Have you ever been to Paris?你曾经去过巴黎吗？ - No, never. / Yes, I have.没有/去过。2)和 if 连用 If you are ever in Miami,come and see us.你要是什么时候来.3)进行比较时，用以加强语气It was raining harder than ever.当时雨下的前所未有的大【辨析】before与ago的用法辨析before,常用于现在完成时，位于句末Have you watched the film ?你以前看过这部电影吗？He

17、has never seen a huge stone before他以前从未见过这么大的石头。【拓展】before还可以用作连词或副词，意为“在以前” +n./pron/doing/句子和after相反Li Lei usually goes to bed 9:30 pm.李磊通常在晚上九点半之前睡觉。(介词)Turn off the light before the room.离开房间之前关上灯。(连词)ago常用于一般过去时Did you go to visit Aunt Liu two days ago?两天前你去看望刘阿姨 了吗？ (A3).But I can9t afford it,

18、但是我付不起。1) afford + n./pron./to do sth.The house is too expensive. I cant追.这座房子太贵，我买不起。I can9t afford to buy a Benz,我买不起奔驰。2)常接在can , could, be able to后，表示“担负的起”，常用疑否句。John was afford the house. 买不起We cant afford abroad this summer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。 (A3). Ive stopped tryinq now.我已经不再尝试了。stop doing sth

19、.意为“停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事情。The two girls stopped when they saw me.那两个女孩一见到我就停止了讲话。(2)stop to do Sth.意为“停下来去做某事”，指停下正在做的事去做另一件事。如：The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me.stop sb. (from) doing sth.表示“阻止某人做事情”。(keep/protect/prevent sb. from doing sth.)The heavy rain stopped us (from) .那场大雨阻止我们去吃

20、野餐。 (A3).Thats a pity.太遗憾了。Thats a pity. = It9s a pity.=What a pity!真遗憾/可惜！本句是常见口语表达。Is a pity to do sth.做某事可惜。Ifs a pity the food.扔掉这些食物真可惜。Its a pity (that)真可惜。Ifs a pity (that) you can9t.你不能多停留些时间，真是可惜。 (A3).Have you ever thought about other kinds of competitions?你考虑过参加其他形式的比赛吗？think about ”考虑；思考

21、+n./pron/doing/句子。(动介)当考虑不和think of换用I often thought about what you said.我常常想到你说过的话。think about和think of这两个短语表示“对有某种看法”时，可以互换。Don think of (about) me .不要再考虑我。They9re thinking about (of) a new car.他们正在考虑买一辆新车。think of “关心；想起+n./pron/doing/句子(动介)想要；打算。如：Helen, are you thinking of marrying Tom?海伦，你打算和汤

22、姆结婚吗? 想出；想到。如：Who of the idea?谁想出了这个主意？ 关心；想着。如：Lei Feng was always.雷锋总是为别人着想。think over意为“仔细考虑”。(动副)Think over, and youll find a way.仔细考虑一下，你就会有办法的。We need several days to think this matter .我们需要几天的时间仔细考虑一下。 (A3).What do you mean?你是什么意思？用于表示没有听懂某人正在说的话。：Maybe we should try another way. What do you

23、mean?你是什么意思？ 用于表示某人的做法让你感到烦恼、生气、吃惊。What do you mean by pushing me?你推我是什么意思？What do you mean, you dont want to go with me now?mean-meant-meant v. mean+to do 打算 mean+doing 意味着 mean+句子mean sth to sb （A3）Here is a writing competition.有一个写作竞赛。here, there,等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，主语是名词，句子要全部倒装；Here is a gift for yo

24、u. Here comes the bus.汽车来 了（主语是名 词） 如果主语是代词，句子则要部分倒装。Here it is. Here .给你（主语是代词）(A3)To win it, you need to write a short story about a place you9ve visited.要赢得比赛，你需要写 一篇你已经游览过的地方的短文。【知识点】to win it=in order to是目的状语，位于句首时，常用逗号，意为“为了做某事”。如：He studied hard pass the exam.他努力学习目的是通过考试。To pass the driving

25、test, he practiced again and again.为了 通过驾驶考试.To improve your listening, you can every morning你可以每天早上听广播。【知识点】need 作实义动词，dont/doesnt/didnt need (sb.) to do .(sth.) need doing=(sth.) need to be done(某事/物)需要被做。I don9t need to see the doctor.我不需要看病。She needs you to help her.她需要你帮助她。The trees need wateri

26、ng(=to be watered).这些树需要浇水了。Do you need to go at once?你需要马上走吗？ Yes, I do No, I dont.作情态动词neednt/need+do,用于疑否句，肯定回答must,否定回答needn5t/don5t have toYou needn,t worry 你不必担心 You say sorry to me.你不必向我道歉。Need we do some cleaning now?我们必须现在大扫除吗？ Yes, you必须(现在大扫除)。 No, you/. 不，你们不必。作名词 in need 在危难中；在穷困中的 To h

27、elp people (who are) in need is necessary.in need of +n. Inll come when you are in need of help. 需要.时meet the needs of 满足的需求no need (for sb) to do 没有必要去 I have no need to open the letter.1) . I know what is real. A.want B.need doing C.need to.Did they it yesterday? A.needed to doB.needed to do C.nee

28、d to do2) . You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A.neednft comeB.dont need comeC.neednt to come.Though your old mother need after, you need good care of yourself.A.looking, take B.to be looked, take C.looking, taking D.to be looked, to take(A3).You can make it up.你

29、可以编(一个故事)。make up意为“编造；捏造；组成；拼凑成”The three paragniphs a passage.这三个段落构成了一篇文章。be made up of意为“由组成”The basketball team 20 players.这支篮球队由12个运动员组成。【拓展】make up还有“化妆”之意；。I dont like to see women making up in pubic.我不喜欢看见妇女在公众场合化 妆打扮。 (A3).I will invite you to come with me.我将邀请你和我一起来。【知识点】invite sb. to do

30、sth. “邀请某人去做某事”，其名词invitation,”邀请(函)；请帖”Jane invited me to go fishing last week.简上周邀请我去钓鱼了。Here is an invitation to the cinema.这是去看电影的一份邀请函。【拓展】invite sb. to+名词,意为“邀请某人去如：She invites me to her birthday party.她邀请我参加她的生日聚会。 (A3).The first prize is only the book called Around the world in 80 days! 一等奖只

31、是名为80 天环 游世界的那本书。【知识点】called=named“名叫，叫作“，是call的过去分词，作book的后置定语，过去分词作定语常 常后置，含有被动的意味。如：Lucy has a pet dog called “Lucky”.露西有一只叫幸运”的宠物狗。We like the movie War Horse.我们喜欢那部名叫战马的电影。Unit 2 They have seen the Pyramids. (A2).Mike Robinson is afteeii-year-old American boy and his sister Clare is fourteen.迈克

32、罗宾森是一个15岁的美男孩，他的妹妹克莱尔14岁。【知识点】fifteen-year-old是合成形容词，“基数词名词单数形容词”，其后必须加名词Mr. Liu has an 8-year-old son.刘先生有一个 8 岁的儿子。There is a 10-meter-wide river in my home town.我的家乡有一条 10 米宽的河。【拓展】“基数词-名词单数”也是合成形容词作定语；“基数词+yearsold”,只作表语。Well have a 3-day holiday.我们将有一个 3 天长的假期。 The boy is 5 years old . (A2).At

33、the moment, Mike and Clare are in Cairo in Egypt, one of the binest and busiest cities inAfrica.现在，迈克和克莱尔正在埃及开罗非洲最大、最繁华的城市之一。at the moment 此刻，现在二now。at this moment就在这时”；at that moment”就在那时”。【知识点】one of+the+形容词的最高级+pl”作主语时，谓语动词用单数One of the longest in the world is the Yangtze River 长江是世界上最长的的河流之OOne

34、of my friends (说)good English.China is one of(old) countries. It has much (long) history than the USA. (A2).They moved here with their parents two years ago.两年前他们和他们的父母搬到了这儿。【知识点】move to someplace意为“搬到某地”，当地点为副词时，省略介词to。如:The Smiths here in 2,000.史密斯一家人2, 000年搬到这儿。 (A2)and it has sent Peter to work

35、in Germany, France and China before公司以前把彼特派往德国、法国和中国工作过。【知识点】send sb. to do sth.意为“派遣某人去做某事send-sent-sent【拓展】send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.，意为“送给某人某物”。Jim sent me a book on my birthday.在我的十二岁生日吉姆送我一本书。send后接“信件、电报”等时，意为“寄/发送”。Mary usually sends in the morning.玛丽通常在早上寄信。（3）send for意为“派人去叫/请。如：You sho

36、uld send a doctor.你应当派人去请医生。 look for/hope for/ask for+n. （A2）.【知识点再现】The Robinsons love seeing; the world.罗宾森一家喜欢到世界各地旅游。【知识点】The Robinsons “the+姓氏复数”表“一家人”或“夫妇两人”，作主语时谓动用复数 The Smiths are living in London.史密斯一家人住在伦敦。The Trumps watch） TV now. （A2）.They have been tv many interesting places.他们曾经去过许多有

37、趣的地方。【辨析】have/has been to, have/has gone to 与 have/has been in/on/at 的用法辨析：“have/has been to+地点名词”已经/曾经去过某地”（人现在已经回来了），表示一种经历，后可接表示 次数的词（如once, twice, three times等），表示“去过某地几次“，也可与just, never, ever等连用。如：I have just been to the Great Wall.我刚去过长城。Peter has Shanghai three 皮特曾经去过上海三次。“have/has gone to+地点

38、名词”已经去某地了”（人可能已经到了那里，也可能还在路上，但不在说话的 地方，一般用于第三人称）。如：Where is Ann?安在哪里？ She has to Beijing.她去北京了。“have/has been in/on/at+地点名词”意为“待在某地”，表示状态，与表示一段时间的状语连用。How long have you been in China?你在中国待多久了？Ive been here（=been in China） since five years ago.= Ive been here for 5 years.注：1）如果后面表示地点的是副词，就用去掉介词。地点副词有

39、:home, here, there,somewhere, abroad eg I have beei?tix there many times. （A2）,For example, in Egypt, they have seen the Pyramids例如，埃及，他们已经看过了金字塔for example用逗号接句子I like fruit, for example, I often eat bananas in the evening.such as+2 个以上 n./pron/doingHe knows several languages, such as English and C

40、hinese.他懂几种语言，如英语和汉语。 .This language is different from English in many ways.这种语言在很多方面和英语不同。【知识点】be different from与不同,与be the same as（与相同）意思相反。如：Life in future will be different life today.在未来的生活将会与今天的生活不同。My schoolbag is from yours (you)but the same hers.difference n. make a difference to 对产生影响There

41、 is no difference between A and B 在之间没有不同adj-n. different-difference; important-importance; confident-confidence;convenient- convenience【知识点】in many ways意为“在许多方面”。如：In many ways, they do better than us.他们在许多方面做得比我们好。We can consider the problem in many ways.我们可以从多方面来考虑这些问题。 (A2),They find it hard to

42、spell and pronounce the words.他们发现拼写和发音很困难。【知识点】find/feel/think/consider/make+ it+adj/n+(for sb.) to do sth., it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语 to do sth.I find it boring to watch TV all the time.我发现一直看电视很无聊。He finds it a pity to lose the chance to go abroad.I find it hard to climb up that high mountain.我发现爬上那座高山很难。Sp

43、aceships make it possible to travel to the moon.宇宙飞船使得去月球旅行成为可 台匕 目匕。I think it /it is important to learn maths well.我认为学好数学是重要的。 (A2).However, they still enjoy learning it.但是他们仍然喜欢学阿拉伯语。【知识点】however是副词不与but连用，要加逗号。It rained suddenly. However it became clear soon.天突然下起了雨，然而一会儿就放晴了。He was feeling bad

44、. He went to work, however.他感觉不舒服，但他仍然去上班了。【知识点】enjoy doing sth./ enjoy oneself(A2),So far they have learnt to speak German, French, Chinese and Arabic.至!J 目前为止,他们已经 学会说德语、法语、汉语和阿拉伯语了。【知识点】so far=up to now=until now=till now意为“迄今，到目前为止”，常用于现在完成时 Mike has read five famous books .到目前为止迈克已经读了五本名著。So fa

45、r we have planted more than 2, 000 trees.至U 目前为止，我们已经种了 2000多棵树。 (A2).Sometimes they mix the languages.有时候他们会混用这些语言。【知识点】mix.and/with意为“把与相混合；把和混和在一起“。If you mix blue yellow, you get green.如果你把蓝色和黄色相混合，你得到绿色。 (A2).The company has asked Peter to work in the US.公司已经叫皮特回美国工作。ask sb. (not) to do sth. as

46、k, allow, advis。, teach, telLwant, wish, would like , invite, encourageThe doctor advised him to give up smoking. 医生建议他戒烟。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问有关某事；Tom asked me about the homework.汤姆问我作业。ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物I asked Tom a book.我向汤姆要一本书。ask for/ hope for/ for+n. (A2).They have friends all over the

47、 world, but they also miss their friends in the US.他们在世界各 地都有朋友，但是他们也想念他们在美国的朋友。【知识点】 all over the world二all around the world=throughout the world【知识点】miss“思念；怀念；想念；惦念”Dave misses his grandparents very much.大卫非常想念他的爷爷奶奶。“错过；没做到+doingThe thief missed being caught yesterday.那小偷昨天没能被抓住。Because of getting up late, I missed taking the flight所以我错过了 乘班机。thanks for+doing喜欢建议值得忙(enjoy,suggest/advise,be worth,be busy)盼望成功终擅长(look forward to,succeed in, be good at/do well in)完成练习避