2021-2022学年高中英语语法专题19主从复合句教案(含解析)新人教版必修1.docx

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1、十九、主从复合句宾语从句1概述置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。 谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid, sure, glad 等）之后也可以带宾语从句。2宾语从句的特点1 .宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2 .宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3 .连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4 . 1Vheiher和if都可引导宾语从句，但*helher后可紧跟or not； whether从句可作介词 的宾语。5 .如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.3宾语从

2、句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that （that 常可省略），whether, if代词：who, whose, what, which副词：when, where, how, why 等。1. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后，so that引导什么从句根据句意来判断 如：Suddenly it began to rain heailso that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. 突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。Linda phon

3、ed me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound.琳至lj达达后给 我打了 ，因而我知道她平安无事。so-that引导的结果状语从句sothat ”如此以致，that可以省略,S。后面接形容词或副词。如：She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.她说话如此之快 竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it latter.现在剩下的 时间不多了，我

4、只好以后再给你讲这件事。such-that引导的结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的such that的具体内容是：such+a/an+形容词+名词+that从句； such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+lhat=so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+lhal从句。如：The professor told us such a funry story that all the students laughed (=The professor told us so funry a story that all the students laughed.)教授讲了 个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起

5、来。6目的状语从句1. in order thl导的目的状语从句in order that为了；以便。多用于正式文体，通常可以与s。that换用。如：You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.他们在 杭州停了下来，以便游览西湖。The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.专家讲得很慢， 以便人人听得懂。2. so(thal导的目的状语从句sothat ”为了；以便。sothat通常可以与in order tha换用

6、，它所引导的目的状语从句 总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you.你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。 She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight,她要七点钟备好茶点, 这样她八点以前就可以出门了。3. in case/for fear (th引导的目的状语从句incase for fear(that这俩个附属连词都表示否认目的，意思是“以免，以防。incase 它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气

7、形式；for fear (that) 引导的从句中的谓语带有may, might, should等情态动词。如：Take your umbrella in case it rains.带上你的伞，以防下雨。He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain.他带了一把伞，以防下雨。7条件状语从句1. if引导的条件状语从句，翻译成“如果”如：If I were a bird, 1 would fly.如果他说了那样的话，他不可能是说实话。2. unless引导的条件状语从句unless引导的是否认条件状语从句，在意义上相当于i. n

8、ot,而且语气较强，一般不用于 虚拟语气。如：You5 11 be late unless you hurry.你会迟到的，如果不赶快的话。3. if 0nly引导的条件状语从句ifonly在引导条件状语从句时意为“只要;如果。如：I 1 let you use the car if only you keep it in good condition,只要你把车保养 好，我就让你用。4. as/so long as导的条件状语从句，as/so long as意为“只要；如果”。如：As long as it doesn, t rain, we can play.只要不下雨我们就能玩。5. p

9、rovided (that)/providing(that)导的条件状语从句,provided (that)/providing(that) 意为“如果；只要”。如：I will aree to go providing (that my expense are paid.)假设为我负担费用，我就 同意去。8比拟状语从句1. asas引导的比拟状语从句as-as表示同级比拟，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：We were as fortunate as thcm(thcy were).裁们和他们一样幸运。I hope she will make as much progr

10、ess as you (have done).我望她将取得和你同样的 进步。2. not so/as. as引导的比拟状语从句notso/as.as表示同级比拟，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。如： That* s not so/as simple as it sounds.那件事情不像听起来那么简单。9方式状语从句1. as引导的方式状语从句as在引导方式状语从句时意为“以方式；如同那样，从句有时是省略句。如：Do as I say.要照我说的做。I did just as you told me,我正是照你说的办的。Air is to man as water is to

11、 fish.空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。2. as if/as thougl导的方式状语从句as if和as though的用法一样，都作“好似，仿佛；二者引导的状语从句往往用虚拟语 气，表示与事实相反。如：They looked at me as if as though I were mad.他们瞧着我好似我发疯了似的。They look as if/as though they know each other.他们看来好似互相认识。十让步状语从句1. although/though引导的让步状语从句although和though,都作“虽然；尽管解，通常可以换用.如：Although the

12、y have been talking.for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她 信任自己。2. even if导的让步状语从句even if 即使，纵然，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。如：Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment.即使我再次失败，我 也决不会放弃实验。3. even though导的让步状语从句even though 虽然，尽管，通常可以和al though/尽ough换用。如：Even though I

13、didnt understand a workept smiling.即使我一个字也不懂,我还是 保持微笑。Even though you say sol do not believe it.即使你这样说，我也不信。4. while引导的让步状语从句,while ”虽然,尽管“如：While I understand your point of view do not share it.我虽了解你的观点，但不 敢苟同。5. whatever/no matter what导的让步状语从句Whatever:no matter what 都作“无论什么如:Whatever/No matter wha

14、t he saysdon, t go.不管他说什么，你都不要走。We are determined to fulfill the task whatever happens.不管发生什么了,我们决心 完成任务。6. whichever/no matter whicl 导的让步状语从句Whichever=no matter which 都作无论哪个如：Whichever/No matter which you buy there is a six-month guarantee.不管你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。No matter which of the two men had stolen

15、her purse Barbara was determined to find them.不管这两个人是谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉决心找到他们。7. whoever/no matter whl导的让步状语从句Whoever=no matter wh 都作无论谁如：You cant come in whoever you are.不管你是谁，都不能进来。8. however/no matter houl导的让步状语从句However=no matter how 都作“无论如何”如：However high it may beit cat reach the sky.它不管有多高，也高不到天上去。9

16、. whenever/no matter whel导的让步状语从句Whenever。matter when都作无论何时如：Whenever 1 m unhappy, he cheers me up.每当我不快乐时,他就给我鼓劲儿。10. as引导的让步状语从句as在引导让步状语从句时作“虽然；尽管和“即使解，但是它不位于句首，在它前面 的可以是形容词、名词、副词等。如：Strongas you maybe, you cannot lift it.虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。Late as it was, they continued to study.时间尽管不早了，他们仍维续学习

17、。定语从句1含义.定语从句：在主从复合句中，充当主句的定语成分，用r修饰某一名词、代词或名词短语的从句叫定语 从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。1 .先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。2 .关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。在定语从句中代替先行词并充当一定的成分。关系词有关系代 词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, ad等，在从句中作主语、宾语、 定语和表语；关系副词有when, where, why等,时间、地点、原因状语。关系词的选择由先行词的意思及先行词在从句中充当的成分决定。2定语从句的构造Justin Bieber is a

18、famous sinrr who sins th& son。 Baby. 先行词 关系词定语从句3关系代词引导的定语从句L who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语(口语或非正式文体中，可省略)。如：That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2. whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略。如：Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。如：Football is a game which is liked by most boys.4. tha

19、t指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时常可省略。如：He i s the man that/who 1 i ves next door.Where is the man (that/whom)1 saw this morning?The season that/which comes after spring is summer.The dress (that/which)Ann bought doebnfit her very well.5. whose指人、物皆可，在定语从句中做定语，表“某某的。如：I visited a scie

20、ntist whose name is known all over the country.常用以下构造来代替：The house whose windows are broken is empty.The house the windows of which are broken is empty.We went to see our teacher whose husband lost his life in the earthquake. =We went to see our teacher, the husband of whom lost his life in the eart

21、hquake.6. 限制性定语从句中,领先行词被such, the same修饰时,关系代词用as,译作“像一样的人或物。如：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.F ve never hearhuch stories as he tells.注意:the sarme. ,as 和 the same. that 构造的句意不一样。如：This is the same book as I read last week.This is the same book that I read last week.4 特殊用法L “介词+关系代词引导的定语从

22、句关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟 它所修饰的先行词，也可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间，此时，指物只能用which,指 人只能用whom,关系代词是所有格时用whoseo如：The school(which/that)he once studied in is very famous.The school in which ho once studied is very famous.This is the boy (whom/who/that)I p1ayed tennis with yesterday.=This is the boy wi

23、th whom 1 played tennis with yesterday.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。介词的选择(1)与从句中谓语动词的搭配相关如：This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan.This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.(2)与先行词的搭配相关如：I will never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the cou

24、ntry.与所表达的意义相关The colorless gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.“介词+关系代词前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词，表示先行词的局部或整体。如：He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.2. that和which在指物时一般可以互换，但在以下情况中，一般用that而不用which先行词本身为everything,

25、nothing, something, anything, little, few, much, all, none, some all, the one 等不定代词时如：Everything that he said was true. 先行词被 all, every, any, no, some, few, little, much, the very (恰恰,正好)，the only 等修饰时如：This is the very grammar book(that)I want to buy.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时如：This is the first

26、 bodehat）he has read.This is the best that has been used against pollution. 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时如：This is the very book that belongs to him.先行词既有人，又有物时如：He mentioned the peop1e and things that he saw in his trip. 先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词如：Which is the T-shirt that fits me nfostWho is the

27、 girl that you spoke to just now?主句是there be构造，修饰其主语的定语从句用that （先行词为物）如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to my sister.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。如：She is no longer the sweet girl（that）she used to be.3. that和who在指人时一般可以互换，但领先行词是he, she等人称代词，以及one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等不定代

28、词时，一般用 who,不用 thato如：Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.5关系副词引导的定语从句1. when在定语从句中作时间状语（=in/at/on/during+which）如： r 11 never forget the day when/on which I first met you.Great changes arc taking place in the city whore/in which they live.2. *here在定语从句中作地点状语

29、in/at/on+which）。situation （情景），case （实例）,point （阶段）,Internet, stage （阶段）等表抽象“地 点”的名词作先行词时，关系副词选择where。如：The school where/in which my son studies is near a park.The Internet, where we can search for a large amount of information, has become an indispensable part of many people* s life.3. why在定语从句中作原因

30、状语(=for+which)o如：There are many reasons why/for which people like traveling.6限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能 删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意 思仍完整洋法上翻怪成先行词的定语的”通常翻洋成主句的并列句关系词的 使用上A.做宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替whomA.不可省B.不用thatC.不用who代替whom如：The teacher told me that Tom was the only

31、 person that I could depend on.China is a country which has a long history.His mother, who loves him very much, is strict wi th him.I have been to Hangzhou, which is a very beautiful city.1.非限制性定语从句引导词的选择(不能用that)先行词指人，在从句中作主语，用who如：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.先行词指人，在句中作宾

32、语，用whom如：His wife, whom you met at my horme, was a teacher.先行词指物，在句中作主语或宾语，用which如：Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake. 先行词指人或物，在句中作定语，用whose如：The book, whose cover is red, is mine. 可跟 that 从句 做 宾语 的动词有： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonde

33、r, know, suppose, see, believe,agree ,admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, pr efer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。如：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意：当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词，而宾语从句

34、的意思是否认 时，常把否认转移至主句表示。如：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that 不可省。如：He said (that)you were too young to understand the matter and thathe was asked not to tell you.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，Ihat一般不可省。如：Just then I noticed for

35、 the first time, that our master was wearinghis fine green coat and his black silk cap.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。如：I can, t tell him that his mother died.注意：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾 语。如：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.2.由whether, if引导的宾语从句由whether (if)引导的宾语

36、从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否。 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特 殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。如：I wonder whether (if) they will come to our party.只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句在带to的不定式前如：We decided whether to walk there. 先行词在句中作时间状语，用when如：The sports meeting will be put off till next month, when we will have

37、made all the preparations.先行词在句中作地点状语，用where如：The next day we arrived in New York, where we were interviewed on the radio.先行词作介词的宾语，介词+whom/which如：The girl, with whom he is familiar, is a footbal 1 player.The Second World Warin which millions of people were killed,ended in 1945.2.关系代词as和which引导的非限制性

38、定语从句as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子从句谓语动词要用 第三人称单数）。如：He married her, as / which was natural.He is honest, as/ which we can see.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句，常常 有“正如、正像的含义。which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个句子时，只可放 在主句之后，意为“这一点”。如：As is known to all,China is a developing country.John, as you know, is a

39、famous writer.He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which, tl bdtreve.（1）当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.假设非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是be said, be known, be expected, be r

40、eported, 等构造时，不管是在句首、句中还是句末，都必须as用来引导。如：We won the game as we expected. 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句常由in which或Ihat引导，而且通常可以省略。 如：The way （that/in which）he answered the questions was surprising.主语从句1概念在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由附属连词that, whether和连接代词 what, who, which, whatever, whoever 以及连接副词 how, when, where,

41、 why 等词引导。 that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保存自己的疑问含义、 又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。如：What he wants to tell us is not clear.It is known to us how he became a wiiter.Whore the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.2由that/whether引导的主语从句1 .由连词that引导的主语从句：引导词that无含义，在句中不做成分，不可以省。如：That you will wi

42、n the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.2 .用连词whether引导的主语从句：whether有含义（是否），在句中不做成分，不可以省。 如：Whether she is coming or not doesn* t matter too much.备注：It doesnt matter if是固定句型。3 用连接代词引导的主语从句1 .在由连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, w

43、hoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当,定成分，有意义。如：What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.2 . whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句的区分：Whatever相当于anything that ,是what的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。如：Whatever she does is right.Whoever相当于

44、anyone who,是who的强调形式，表示“无论谁，任何的人。如：Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.Whichever “无论哪个，无论哪些，既可以指人，也可以指物，可以单独使用，可以修饰 名词，也可以后跟of短语。如：Whichever book you borrow docsn, t matter to us.4用连接副词引导的名词性从句连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句中,其二连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。 如：Where we should leave it is a

45、 problem.When they will come hasn, t been made pubic.5it形式主语的情况有时为防止句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语 从句置于句末，但是不能代替由what引导的主语从句。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数 形式。常用句型如下：It + be +名词+ that从句It + be +形容词+ that从句It + be +动词的过去分词+ that从句It +不及物动词+ that从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟 语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有

46、：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that-*It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that-表语从句1 概念在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致 一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，一般构造是“主语+连系动词+表语从句。可以接表语从 句的连系动词有：be, look, remain, seem等。注意：关联词不能省略，并旦从句用陈

47、述 语序。如：The fact is that we have lost the game.That is why he didn t come to the meeting.2 特殊之处需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。但是reason后 面的定语从句可以用why或that引导。如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .3 在名词性从句中that与what的区别1. Ihal在名词性从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，没有意义，不能省略(在宾语从 句中能省略)。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.2. what在名词性从句中充当句子成分，起连接作用，有意义，不能省略。what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词+ that。理解为双重身份。如：Do what he says.What (=The thing that) he said was true.在介词的后面如： r m thinking of whether