英语疑问句、假设法句型.pdf

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1、 英语疑问句、假设法句型 01、疑问句型 What is this?结构问句：Whatbe 动词this（that）？答句：This（that）be 动词a book（pen）。说明此句型意为“这（那）是什么？这（那）是书（钢笔）”。what（什么）叫做“疑问词”，用於询问“事物”，通常放在句首，后接 be，再接，第一个字母 w 要大写，句尾要加问号(?)，位置不可排错。What is this?This is a chair.这是什么？这是一张椅子。Whats this?Its a book.这是什么？它是一本书。What is that?That is a desk.那是什么？那是一张书桌

2、。What are these?结构问句：What arethesethose？答句：TheseThose are複数名词（ses）。说明与的形式要一致，is 后面接单数，are 后面要接複数。What are these?These are books.这些是什么？这些是书。What are those?Those are cups.那些是什么？那些是茶杯。What are they?They are glasses.它们是什么？它们是玻璃杯。What are you?结构问句：Whatbe 动词主词（人）？答句：主词be 动词a student。说明此句型意为“你是做什么事情的？我是学生”

3、。疑问词 what 除了询问事物之外，还可用於询问“人的职业或身分”。be 随的变化而改变形态，如：I am，we are，you are，he is。What are you?I am a student.你是做什么事情的？我是一名学生。What is she?She is a teacher.她是做什么事情的？她是一名教师。Are you a.?结构问句：Be 动词（am，are，is）主词？肯定简答：Yes，主词am（are，is）。否定简答：No，主词am（are，is）not。说明在否定中，和 am，is，are 可以缩写；在肯定中则不可。Is he a student?Yes,he

4、 is.(No,he isnt.)他是学生吗？是的，他是。（不，他不是。）Are you a teacher?Yes,I am.(No,Im not.)你是教师吗？是的，我是。（不，我不是。）Is that a clock?Yes,it is.(No,it isnt.)那是钟錶吗？是的，它是。（不，它不是。）What is your name?结构问句：Whatis所有格name?答句：所有格nameis名字。说明“my，your，his，her”为单数人称的；后面必接，即“”；不可与 a，an，this，that，these 或 those 紧接一起使用。What is your name?

5、My name is Sue.你叫什么名字？我的名字叫苏。What is his name?His name is John.他叫什么名字？他的名字叫约翰。What is her name?Her name is Jean.她叫什么名字？她的名字叫珍。Who is that.?结构问句：Whobe 动词that形容词名词？答句：That is名字。说明Who 是，询问人的“姓名”或“关系”；将直接放在前面，叫做“前位修饰”。Who is that short boy?That is Bill.那位矮男孩是谁？那位是比尔。Who is that tall girl?That is Mary.那位

6、高女孩是谁？那位是玛丽。Who is that fat man?He is my uncle.那位胖男子是谁？那位是我叔叔。Where is.?结构问句：Wherebe 动词（am，are，is）主词？答句：主词be 动词in the名词。说明问句是“Where.?”，简答时可用“InOn the”。Where is Sue?She is in her room.苏在那里？她在她的房间里。Where are your books?On the desk.你的书在那里？在书桌上。Where is your mother?She is in the kitchen.你妈吗在哪里？她在厨房里。Are

7、 you V-ing.?结构Am（Are，Is）主词现在分词？说明此句型意为“（人，物）正在吗？”。这一转换的三要素是：be 移到句首；改为大写；句尾用问号。Is Mary sleeping?玛丽正在睡觉吗？Are you reading a book?你正在看书吗？Is the dog playing?小狗正在玩耍吗？What are you doing?结构问句：Whatam（are，is）主词现在分词？答句：主词am（are，is）现在分词。说明“（人）正在做什么？（人）正在”。注意：的动词只能用原形，不可造；表示“瞬间产生”的动作的，如 sit down，stand up，不可造。Wh

8、at am I doing?You are reading a book.我正在做什么？你正在阅读一本书。What are the girls doing?They are singing.姑娘们正在做什么？她们在唱歌。What is Bill writing?He is writing a letter.比尔在写什么？他在写一封信。How old are you?结构问句：How oldbe 动词主词（某人）？答句：主词（某人）be 动词year(s)old。说明此句型意为“某人几岁？某人是岁”。该句型中，要用 how，不可用 what；且 be（am，is，are）要和后面的(某人)配合；

9、答句中的“year(s)old”可以省略。How old are you?I am twelve(years old).你几岁？我十二岁。How old is your sister?She is thirteen years old.你的姊妹几岁？她十三岁。How old is John?He is one year old.约翰几岁？他一岁。What time is it?结构问句：What time is it？答句：It is数字oclock。说明此句型意为“现在是几点钟？现在是点钟”。问句中 what 当，修饰后面的 time；time 当时间解时，只能用单数，不可用複数。What

10、time is it?It is ten oclock.现在是几点钟？现在是十点钟。What time is it?It is six oclock.现在是几点钟？现在是六点钟。What time is it?It is nine oclock.现在是几点钟？现在是九点钟。Do you+V.?结构问句：DoDoes主词原形动词？肯定简答：Yes，主词dodoes。否定简答：No，主词dontdoesnt。说明肯定句中，如有一般（speak，work，teach），则在句首加 do 或 does，并将一般改为原形（不加 s 或 es），即构成。Do you speak English?Yes,I

11、 do.(No,I dont.)你讲英语吗？是的，我讲英语。（不，我不讲英语。）Does she have a cat?Yes,she does.(No,she doesnt.)她有一只猫吗？是的，她有一只猫。（不，她没有一只猫。）Do they work in office?Yes,they do.(No,they dont.)他们在办公室里工作吗？是的，他们在办公室里工作。（不，他们不在办公室里工作。）What time do you+V.?结构问句：What timedodoes主词原形动词？答句：主词（某人）一般动词时间。说明此句型意为“某人几点做某事？”do 或 does 的选择依而

12、定，若为第三人称单数，用 does；其它用 do。What time do you get up?I usually get up at six.你几点起床？我通常六点起床。What time does he go to bed?He usually goes to bed at ten.他几点就寝？他通常十点就寝。What time does your class begin?It begins at eight-ten.你的课几点开始？八点十分开始。What day is today?结构问句：What day is today？答句：ItsSundayMonday。说明此句型意为“今天是

13、星期几？今天是星期日星期一。”it 可用於指“星期的名称”，但 this 或 that 不可以；一星期七天的名称，都是，开头的首字母要大写，前面不加。What day is today?Its Sunday.今天是星期几？今天是星期日。What day is today?Its Wednesday.今天是星期几？今天是星期三。What day is today?Its Saturday.今天是星期几？今天是星期六。How many N are there.结构问句：How many複数名词are there inon名词？答句：There isare单数（複数）名词inon名词。说明此句型意为

14、“在某处有多少？在某处有。”该句型中，many 修饰複数；又因本句型是，故用 are there，不可用 there are。How many seasons are there in a year?There are four seasons in a year.一年有几个季节？一年有四季。How many days are there in a week?There are seven days in a week.一星期有几天？一星期有七天。How many lessons are there in this book?There are twelve lessons in this b

15、ook.这本书里有几课？这本书里有十二课。How many.do you have?结构问句：How many複数名词dodoes主词have？答句：主词havehas複数名词。答句：主词dontdoesnt have複数名词。说明“How many”后面接複数，複数的前面可用 many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修饰。How many books do you have?I have a lot of books.(I dont have any books.)你有几本书？我有许多书。（我没有书。）How many sweaters do you hav

16、e?I have three sweaters.(I dont have any sweaters.)你有几件毛衣？我有三件毛衣。（我没有毛衣。）How many friends does she have?She has a lot of friends.(She doesnt have many friends.)她有几个朋友？她有许多朋友。（她没有许多朋友。）How much.do you have?结构问句：How much单数不可数名词dodoes主词have？答句：主词havehas单数不可数名词。答句：主词dontdoesnt have单数不可数名词。说明“How much”后面

17、接单数，单数前面可用 much，a little，some，little，any，no 等修饰。How much tea does he have?He has a lot of tea.(He doesnt have any tea.)他有多少茶？他有很多茶。（他没有茶。）How much homework do they have?They have a lot of homework.(They dont have much homework.)他们有多少家庭作业？他们有许多家庭作业。（他们没有许多家庭作业。）How much fruit do they have?They have a

18、 lot of fruit.(They dont have a lot of fruit.)他们有多少水果？他们有许多水果。（他们没有许多水果。）How much do(es).cost?结构How much do（es）某物cost？说明此句型意为“某物值多少钱？”。how much 用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作：“How much be 某物？。How much does this computer cost?(=How much is this computer?)这部电脑值多少钱？How much do the vegetables cost?这些蔬菜值多少钱？How much do

19、 the movie tickets cost?这些电影票值多少钱？Did.V.结构Did主词原形动词过去时间？说明将肯定句中的过去式改为“Did原形”，并将 Did 放在句首，句尾用问号，即构成过去式的。Did he clean the room yesterday?他昨天打扫房间吗？Did she wash the skirt yesterday?她昨天洗这裙子吗？Did your brother play in the park this morning?你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗？Did he eat lunch yesterday?他昨天吃午饭吗？Did you see any el

20、ephants in the zoo last week?上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗？Did Sue have her breakfast at eight?苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗？Do you ever+V.?结构问句：DoDoes主词ever原形动词？答句：No，主词never一般动词（加 s 或 es）。说明ever 通常用於，never 通常用於否定回答；never 也可放在句首，后接原形，形成否定，如例句 4。Do you ever use a computer?No,I never use a computer.你曾经使用电脑吗？不，我未曾使用过电脑。Does Tom ever

21、 get up late?No,Tom never gets up late.汤姆曾经晚起床吗？不，汤姆未曾晚起床过。Does Sally ever play the piano?No,Sally never plays the piano.萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗？不，萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。Never be late for school,Bill.比尔，上学绝不可迟到。What year was he born in?结构What dateyearwaswere主词bornonin？说明此句型意为“你出生於几月几日（那一年）？”。born 是 bear 的过去，在文法上当，前面常有 was 或 wer

22、e；中文说“某人出生”，英语应说：“某人waswere born”。What year were you born in?你出生於那一年？What date was your mother born on?你母亲出生於几月几日？What month was your sister born in?你妹妹出生於几月？What will you do on.?结构What willdid主词doon时间？说明此句型意为“某人在某时间将做什么？（未来式）某人在某时做了什么事？（过去式）”。指特定的日期（如几月几日）、星期几或星期几的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系词 on。What will you d

23、o on Teachers Day?你在教师节将做什么事？What will they do on Christmas Eve?他们在圣诞夜将做什么事？What will Helen do on her birthday?海伦在她生日那天将做什么事？What did John do on New Years Day?约翰在元旦做了什么事？What did Mary do on Youth Day?玛丽在青年节做了什么事？What did the suspect do on July ninth?嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情？How do you+V.?结构问句：Howdo主词一般动词？答句：主

24、词一般动词情状副词。说明How 是问情况的，表示“怎样？”。用於说明“状态或性质”的副词，称为。当用来修饰时，位於其后；当用来修饰时，位於的前面或后面。How did you do your work?I did my work happily.你怎样做你的工作？我很快乐地做了我的工作。How did Mrs.Lin look at Mr.Lin?She looked at Mr.Lin coldly.林太太怎样注视林先生？她冷漠地注视林先生。How does Mr.Wang drive his taxi?He drives his taxi carefully.王先生怎样驾驶他的计程车？他小

25、心地驾驶他的计程车。You are.,arent you?结构肯定句，否定式助动词主词？说明这是一种反意，其结构特点是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的是时，附加问句的要用代替：it 代替 this，that，(当)或(当)等；they 代替 these，those，people 等。下列的否定缩写式较易弄错：will notwon t；would not wouldnt；should notshouldnt；can notcant；could notcouldnt；might notmightnt；ought notoughtnt。直述句有一般现在式，则附加问句用 do 或 d

26、oes 代替；有一般过去式，则附加问句用 did 代替。Theyre ready,arent they?（读降调）他们准备好了吧？（读升调）他们准备好了，不是吗？Mike has a car,doesnt he?（读降调）麦克有辆车，是吧？（读升调）麦克有辆车，不是吗？The secretary typed the letter,didnt she?是祕书打了这封信，不是吗？They will go to Europe,wont they?他们将去欧洲，不是吗？You are the teacher,arent you?你就是老师，不是吗？I suppose you have been in

27、our woods,havent you?我推想你在我们的森林里呆过，不是吗？I know he had a good time last night,didnt he?我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是吗？The wall plug is broken,isnt it?墙上的插座坏了，不是吗？Clean parks are beautiful,arent they?乾净的公园是美丽的，不是吗？You can do it,cant you?你会做它，不是吗？We should rise early,shouldnt we?我们应该早起，不是吗？He isnt.,is he?结构否定句，肯定式助动

28、词主词？说明这是另一种反意。否定结构在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定结构。对反意的回答和对否定式一般一样，要看答句。He isnt a manager,is he?-Yes,he is.(No,he isnt.)他不是经理，是吧？不，他是经理。（是的，他不是经理。）Mike doesnt have a car,does he?麦克没有车，是吗？The secretary didnt type the letter,did she?祕书没有打过这封信，是吗？They wont go to Europe,will they?他们不会去欧洲，是吗？You arent the teacher,are y

29、ou?你不是老师，是吗？I dont think he can answer the question,can he?我想他无法回答这个问题，是吗？What in the world.?结构疑问词in the worldon earthever其他 说明此句型意为“究竟？到底？”。这是特殊的强调说法。in the world，on earth 和 ever 是强调疑问词的。How in the world will he do it?他到底将如何做这件事？What in the world do you mean?你的意思究竟是什么？How on earth did you know it?你

30、到底是怎么知道的？Who on earth told you that?那件事究竟是谁告诉你的？Where ever did you lose it?你到底在哪儿丢的呀？What in the world are they hoping for?他们到底想要什么？Are you.or.?结构一般疑问句（读升调）or一般疑问句（读降调）说明此句型意为“是还是？。这是选择，前面都是一般，后面的问句如与前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。Shall we come to see you or will you come to see us?是我们来找你们，还是你们来找我们？Are you from the

31、 America or from the England?您是美国人还是英国人？Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday?他是星期一走还是星期二走？Would you like coffee or tea?你是要咖啡还是茶？What.,+A or B?结构特殊疑问句(读降调)，A（读升调）or B（读降调）说明这种选择使用得相当广泛，其特点是：前面的特殊已经明确地指出了要问的内容，再补充几项具体事物让对方做出肯定的答覆。其语调是“降-升-降”调。What would you like coffee or tea?你要什么？咖啡还是茶？Which would you

32、rather to buy silk or cotton?您想买什么？丝还是棉？Where did you go:to Tianjin or to Beijing?您去了哪里？天津还是北京？When will you go to the Fair,tomorrow or some other day?你何时去交易会？明天还是另找哪一天？.what/which.结构主要子句疑问词（whathowwhichwhy 等）子句 说明这是间接。疑问词后面的语句採用正常词序，不採用特殊所用的倒装词序。全句末尾大多用句点，但也有用问号的。直接问句改为间接问句或间接句时，原先的要改为肯定句或的顺序；如 wil

33、l，should，would，must，may，can 等，须照抄，不可去掉；如 do，does，did，必须去掉，再将它后面的原形改为适当的形式。Id like to know how old the manager is.我想知道经理有多大年纪。He inquired how it was done.他问这事做得怎么样了。Please advise me which item I should buy.请问我该先买哪个品种。Tell me why it is so important?告诉我为什么此事这么重要？They do not know what the words mean.他们不

34、知道这些字的意思是什么。Tell me what happened yesterday.告诉我昨天所发生的事。What they talked about is what we want to know.他们谈论什么是我们所想要知道的事。She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week.她每晚洗头发，而且量量看一星期长多少。You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.你决不会知道你的鼓励对我多么有意义。.whether/if.

35、结构主要子句whetherif子句 说明此句型意为“是否”。口语中使用 if 较为普遍。如果子句中带有 or not 等词，则只能用 whether；另外，whether 不能引导否定的间接，而 if 则可以。He asked me the question whether the price was too high.他问我价格是否太高。They asked him whether the quality is fine or not.他们问他质量是否好。Tell me whether you like this color.告诉我你喜不喜欢这种颜色。Tell me if it doesnt

36、 rain.告诉我是否下不了雨。Ask him if it is true.问他那是不是真的。I wonder if he is in the school.我想知道他是否在学校。Do you know if/where.结构一般疑问句疑问词（whatwherewhen 等）子句 说明此句为双重。疑问词后面採用正常词序，不用倒装词序。Can you tell me where the teacher has gone?你能告诉我老师到哪里去了吗？Have you any idea where he comes from?他是哪里人，您知道不知道？Do you know if they like

37、 this new item?你知道他们是否喜欢这个新品种？Do you know who wants to go with me?你知道谁想跟我一起去吗？Do you know when the train will leave?你知道火车何时开吗？Can you tell me how much you earn a month?你能告诉我你一个月赚多少吗？He is.,is he?结构肯定式陈述句肯定式反问句 说明这种疑问的前后一致，都是肯定式结构。后一部分进一步强调前一部分的内容，是不需要回答的一种修辞方式。We are old friends,not strangers,right?

38、我们是老朋友了，不是陌生人，是吗？Hes a capable businessman,is he?他是一位很有能力的业务员，可不是吗？So you come importing Chinese textiles,do you?原来你是来进口中国纺织品的，是么？So youve been to Shanghai,have you?原来你去过上海，是吧？.what.?结构疑问词（在句中任何位置上）说明疑问词不是位於句子开头，而是在句子中任何位置上，这种方法十分简单，因此在口语中经常出现。Two times what number makes ten?什么数的两倍是十？You will go whe

39、re?你要到哪里去？You are twenty-what this year?你今年二十几岁？Hes your who?他是你什么人？What/How about+N/V-ing?结构WhatHow about名词动名词？说明此句型意为“如何？”。这是徵求对方意见或提议的委婉说法。What about the name Smith?史密斯这个名字怎么样？What about going to a movie?去看场电影如何？What about lending me some money?借点钱给我如何？What about washing the car on Sunday?礼拜天洗车怎么

40、样？How about the others?剩余的怎么样？How about a drink?来一杯吧？How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop?去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧？What if.?结构What if主词动词 说明此句型意为“如果的话怎么办呢？”。但经常用於反语，有时也变成“即使也没关系”之意。What if it is true?如果这是真的又该如何呢？What if he doesnt agree?如果他不同意该怎么办呢？What if he comes back now?如果他现在回来怎么办？What if the bo

41、ys parents should die?如果那男孩的父母死了该怎么办呢？What if I fail!即使我失败了又怎样！What.for?结构What助动词主词动词for？说明此句型意为“为什么？”。相当於“For what？”What are you running for?你为什么在跑步？What do you want it for?你为什么要那个？What did they go there for?他们为什么去那里？How else.?结构How else助动词主词助动词？说明此句型意为“还有别的方法吗？”。How else should a father in this mo

42、dern world express his affection and concern for his own son?现代这个世界上，父亲还应该有别的方法来对自己的儿子表示爱护和关心吗？How else can the doctor save him?医院还有别的方法可以救他吗？How else can I apologize for her?我还能有别的方法可以向她道歉吗？02、假设法句型 If+Present Tense.,S+will/shall+V.结构If现在式，S未来式 说明if 子句用现在式，表示须具备的条件，主句用未来式表示可能的结果，整句含意为“如果，那么”。will 用

43、於所有的人称，在 I 和 we 之后可用 shall 代替 will。若主句的主词为 I 或 we 时，可以用 shall 代替 will。像 if necessary（如果需要），if possible（如果可能），if so（如果这样）等固定片语实际上是省略了的 if 子句。If I lose my job,I will/shall go abroad.如果我失业了，我就出国。If I have a headache,I will take an aspirin.如果我头痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。If it rains,we will stay at home.如果下雨，我们将待在家里。If

44、 the weather clears,well go for a walk.如果天晴，我们就去散步。If the weather doesnt clear,we wont go for a walk.如果天不晴，我们就不去散步。Inflation may be rising,if(it is)so,prices will go up.通货膨胀率可能上升。如果是这样，物价就会上涨。If possible,She wants to go with us.可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。Sterling may fall,if(this should be)so,interest rates will

45、 rise.英国货币可能贬值，如果果真如此，利率就会上升。If+Present Tense.,S+Modal Verb.结构If+现在式，主词情态助动词 说明本句型实为句型之变体。之所以用情态助动词，主要是因为说话者对可能的结果不是太肯定或者是想表达例如必要的意思。If it is fine tomorrow,we can go out.如果明天天气好，我门可以出门。If it is fine tomorrow,we could go out.如果明天天气好，我门能够出门。If it is fine tomorrow,we may go out.如果明天天气好，我门可能出门。If it is

46、fine tomorrow,we might go out.如果明天天气好，我门可能出门。If it is fine tomorrow,we should go out.如果明天天气好，我门宜於出门。If it is fine tomorrow,we ought to go out.如果明天天气好，我门宜於出门。If it is fine tomorrow,we must go out.如果明天天气好，我门必须出门。If I should.,Imperative Sentence.结构If Ishould.祈使语气 说明代替，增加了条件的不确定性。本句型常用在想礼貌地提出要求或建议，或者想圆通

47、地告诉他人该做什么事的场合。用 should 起始句子即可不用 if 而表示条件。这种用法比较正式，常用於诸如公函之中，而不用於日常会话。If you should see him,please give him my regards.如果你见到他，请代我向他致意。Should you see him,please give him my regards.如果你见到他，请代我向他致意。If you should happen to see him,please give him my regards.如果你万一见到他，请代我向他致意。Should you happen to see him,p

48、lease give him my regards.如果你万一见到他，请代我向他致意。If you should write to her,send her my love.如果你给她写信，请代我向她问候。Should you not wish our agent to call,please let us know.你若不希望我们的代理人去造访，请告之。Should you be interested in our offer,please contact us.你若对我们的报价感兴趣，请与我们联繫。If I should.,I will.结构Ifshould，would（will）shou

49、ld（shall）等原形动词 说明这是表示与未来事实相反的假设，if 要用 should，译成“万一”。should 可置於前，将 if 省略。的则视可能性做变化：若可能性低，则为过去式，若可能性高，则为现在式。should 可以提前，而将 if 省略。If he should come,I would tell him the truth.万一他来，我会把真相告诉他。If he should come,I will tell him the truth.万一他来，我一定会把真相告诉他。Should the boy come again,I would throw him out.要是那男孩在

50、来，我就把他撵出去。If it should rain,our plan would be spoiled.万一下雨，我们的计划就泡汤了。Should that be true,the contract would be canceled.假如那是真的，合约就该取消。Should another world war break out,what would become of human beings?万一另一次世界大战爆发，人类将会发生什么事？If I were to.,I.结构Ifwere to，wouldshould 等原形动词 说明这也是表示与未来状况相反的假设，与“if.should