02名词备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版）.docx

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1、专题02名词易错题备战2023高考英语考试易错题(新高考专用)(解析版)；一二一二G 一易错题类型【易错题01】词形转换派生词记忆不清；1 .【江苏省扬州中学 2022 年高三 5 月】And outstanding or gifted players will also have the chance to join interschool teams for regional(compete) and even national summer camps.【答案】 competitions【错误分析】此题会误以为competition, competitor甚至直接拼写错误，根本原因是该词

2、派生词较长，如果 记不清楚，极易出错。【解题思路】考查名词复数。句意：优秀或有天赋的球员也将有机会参加校队进入地区比赛，甚至是国家 夏令营。and是并列连词，并列的成分词性和词形需一致。故设空处应与复数名词camps的词形词性一 致,填复数名词 competitions。故填 competitions。2 .【2022 年浙江 1 月真题】When (heanswerwas no, she declinedthe (invite).【答案】invitation【错误分析】派生词后缀lion和ation容易混淆，需牢记。【解题思路】考查名词。句意：当答案是否认的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处定冠词

3、Ihe后面需填入名 词作动词decline的宾语,故填invitation.【2022 全国高考乙卷】As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a 45 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.【答案】responsibility【解题思路】考查名

4、词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责 任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康开展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。【易错题02】上下文未理解，误判设空处需要的词性【答案】batteries【解析】考查名词的数。句意：它靠电池供电，并按照程序在乘客下车后返回起点。横线前没有冠词修 饰，且bailery是可数名词。故填batteriesoAccording to the study, the accidents of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to(cu

5、rious). 【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：根据这项研究，儿童遇到异物的意外通常归因于好奇心。空处作宾语，表示 “好奇心”应用名词curiosity,表抽象概念，不可数。故填curiosity。28. This is why many toys contain(warn) about small parts.【答案】warnings【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这就是为什么许多玩具都有关于小零件的警告。空处作宾语，表示“警告” 应用名词warning,且warning为可数名词，结合上文“many toys”可知数量大于一应用复数。故填 warnings o29. As a

6、 result, it provides a terrific full-body workout, improving coordination, flexibility, balance and muscle (strong).【答案】strength【解析】考查名词。句意：因此，它提供了一个极好的全身锻炼，改善协调，灵活性，平衡和肌肉力量。 空处作宾语，表示“力量”应用名词strength,表抽象概念，不可数。故填strength。30. Kataria Laughter Clubs arc popping up in response to peoples need to handle

7、(press).【答案】pressure【解析】考查名词。句意：Kataria的笑声俱乐部如雨后春笋般出现，反响了人们处理压力的需要。 handle“处理”为及物动词，后面需要接名词作宾语。press的名词形式为pressure,故填pressure。31. Through Western color and Chinese painting techniques, Deng has been looking for a crossing between Eastern and Western art(style).【答案】styles【解析】考查名词的数。句意：通过西方色彩和中国绘画技法，邓

8、文迪一直在寻找一种东西方艺术风格的 交叉。表示中西方的艺术形式，名词需用更数。故填styles。32. Dont do this in an obvious way because this is annoying, but do it without his awareness of your (intend).【答案】intention【解析】考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知，该处用名词形式。句意：不要以明显的方式 来做这件事情，因为这很烦人，而是在他(朋友)没有意以到你的意图的情况下做这件事情。故填 intention o33. Occupy him with(activ

9、ity)and appointments.【答案】activities【解析】考查名词复数。根据该句中的“and appointments”可知，空处与此并列，应用名词的复数形式.句 意：使他忙于活动和约会。故填activities。34. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, Beijing 2022 reported that(construct) of competition venues(场馆) remained on track to be completed by the end of this year.答案construction【解析】考查名词。句意：

10、尽管2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行，但2022年北京冬奥会比赛场馆的建 设仍将在今年年底前完成。介词of前应用名词。故填construction。35. As global travel restrictions are likely to remain for the coming months, Beijing 2022 organizers have decided lo cancel a series of test(event).【答案】events【解析】考查名词的数。句意：由于未来几个月全球旅行限制可能仍将继续，北京2022年冬奥会组织者 已决定取消一系列测试活动。

11、名词event是可数的，且前面没有限定词，所以应用复数形式。故填 events o36. Many competitors spend big money to get their(hand) on top-pcrfbrming birds.【答案】hands【解析】考查名词的数。句意：许多参赛者花高价来获得顶级表演的信鸽。此处为固定短语gel ones hands on“获得故填handso37. But of all the(challenge), making good friends might be (he most important.【答案】challenges【解析】考查名词复

12、数。句意：但是在所有的挑战中，结交好朋友可能是最重要的。challenge是可数名 词，根据空前的all the可知，此处用所给名词的里数。故填challenges。38. Other American studies showed no(connect) between uniforms and school performance.【答案】connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究说明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰 名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形 式。故填

13、connection/connectionSo39. Historical(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之 后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性故填accuracy。1. 2022新高考I卷】 The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 42(population)and homes of giant pandas, and

14、 eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.【答案】population【错误分析】设空处前面separate有两种词性，可以做动词。需要理解上下文知道此处做形容词。【解题思路】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终到达理 想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词 population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populationso(2022年8月18号贵州省遵义市高三上学期入学质量检测)The (exhibit) disp

15、layed therehail (向致敬)the ecological diversity of the area and also presents to the audience successful reformativeaccomplishments sincel997.【答案】 exhibits【错误分析】此题容易误填exhibitions。未翻译好上下文，以及不能掌握exhibil的熟词生义名词用法。【解题思路】考查名词。句意“那里所展示的展品致敬了该地区的经济多样性同时也向观众呈现了自从 1997年以来成功的成就”。exhibit做动词，”展览，展出”：做名词“展品”。exhib

16、ition做名词“展 屿” JaL 2022 年新高考全国 II 卷】“He saved my 44 (son) life,n said Mrs. Brown.【答案】sons【错误分析】设空处前面为形容词性物主代词，容易粗心误填sons,需观察空格前后词性及句意。【解题思路】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填sons。【拓展规律】构成情况例如单数名词后加“飞”a boys seat the students bag以结尾的人名只加“小Charles9 home词尾为s的复数名词后只加the girls nam

17、es.Teachers Day表示时间、距离、机构、团体、地名以及可拟人化的名词后加“飞”todays newspaper , an hours work, Chinas industry数量词(a, two, some, no.) +名词+ of+名词所有格some friends of my fathers名词+ of +名词所有格(往往含有感情色彩)the lecture of Mr. Yangs注意：无生命的名词(能拟人化的名词除外)可用Of表示所属关系。如：the windows of the classroom the top of the mountain所修饰的名词为“诊所、住

18、宅或其他处所”时，被修饰的名词常省略。如：at the doctor，s(clinic)在诊 所；to my uncle、(house)至！1我叔叔家；in the managcr，$(officc)在经理办公室；at the barbers/tailorXshop) 在理发店/裁缝铺。另外，表示并列的名词“共有某物”时，只在最后一个名词后加如果表示“各自所有”，那么在每个 名词后加。如：Lucy and Marys desk露西和玛丽共用的课桌；Lucys and Marys desks露西和玛丽各自的课桌。【易错题03】名词单复数形式变化规律运用模糊1.12023粤湘鄂名校联盟高三上学期第

19、一次联考】In recent years, by making use of its cultural advantages, Jingdezhen has organized important(activity) on ceramic arts.【答案】 activities【错误分析】此题容易误写为activilyes,属于名词单复数变化规律未掌握。【解题思路】考查名词。以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加心，例如：studystudies。【拓展规律】(1)可数名词变更数一般都是直接加-s：词尾假设是s, x, ch, sh,在词尾加-esdeskdcsks： dishdishc

20、sstomach 的复数形式是 stomachs(2)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加-es； studystudies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为-ves； leafleaves 口诀：小偷妻子切面包，半片树叶当作刀。 thief, wife, loaf, half, leaf, knife2.【浙江卷语法填空】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】 dishes

21、【错误分析】直接在名称后面加s,变化规律未记牢。【解题思路】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，词尾假设是s, x, ch, sh,在词尾加-es 故填 disheso二举一反三c? 2021 全国新高考 I 卷语法填空】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you arc at the top will remind you how tiny we(human) are.【答案】 humans【解析】考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺 小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human

22、的复数形式。故填humans。1. In 1844 they bought it for $ 1,2(X) and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their(marry) ceremony in 1842.【答案】 marriage【解析】考察名词。根据句意可知，此处要用名词marriage作ceremony的定语，表示“结婚仪式，结婚典 礼”。故填 marriage o2. In 1984, the government issued new policies to encourage individuals (o plant t

23、rees in contracted sand lands. Despite the(oppose) of his family, Shi resigned from his leadership position at a state-owned farm and began his fight against desertification.【答案】opposition【解析】考查名词。句意：尽管遭到家人的反对，石还是辞去了一家国有农场的领导职务，开始了防治荒 漠化的斗争。分析句子可知，“Despite”为介词，后接名词作宾语，“oppose”为动词，对应的名词为 “opposition”

24、,意为“反对，为不可数名词。故填opposition。3. Just 35 percent have(confident) in governments creating policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 【答案】confidence【解析】考查名词。句意：只有35%的人有信心，相信政府能制定出政策来减少温室气体的排放。此处 have为谓语动词，后用名词作宾语，且confidence为不可数名词，故填confidence(,4. While automatic driving has been on tractors for severa

25、l(year ), Deeres autonomous tractor can operate without, a driver in the cab.【答案】years【解析】考查名词复数。句意：虽然拖拉机上的自动驾驶技术已经存在好几年了，但迪尔公司的自动驾驶 拖拉机可以在没有司机的情况下运行。空前面several 一些，后跟可数名词复数，故此空需用复数形式。 故填years o5. The 2021 (22nd) Hainan Island Carnival kicked off in Haikou, capital city of Hainan province, on Dec 10,

26、 2021.The Ministry of Culture and Tourism will continue to support Hainan in deepening reform and opening up, support Hainans aim to become an international tourism consumption center, and provide(assistant) for the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port.【答案】assistance【解析】考查名词。句意：文化和旅游部将继续支持海南深化改革开放

27、，支持海南建设国际旅游消费中 心，帮助海南自由贸易港建设。动词provide后用名词作宾语，句子意为“帮助海南自由贸易港建设”，空 格处意为“帮助”，名词是assistance,是不可数名词,故填assistance。6. Seven thematic tourism routes will be launched to attract more visitors to travel to Hainan, which will stimulate tourism and facilitate the construction of an international tourism(consum

28、e) center.【答案】consumption【解析】考查名词。句意：推出7条主题旅游线路，吸引更多游客来海南旅游，带动旅游业开展，促进国 际旅游消费中心建设。空格处用名词consumption作定语，修饰center, consumption center意为“消费中 心”，故填 consumption。7. The game, which can be literally translated as “encirclement game，was long considered to be an appropriate study for scholars as it taught pe

29、ople a(vary)of strategies(策略).【答案】variety【解析】考查名词。句意：这个游戏字面上可以翻译为“围攻游戏”，长期以来，被认为是一个适合学者们 的研究工程，因为它教给人们各种各样的策略。短语a variety of表示“各种各样的“。故填variety。三易错题通关1)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.【答案】studies【解析】考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show,说明主语是复数名词studies。2. This developm

30、ent was only possible with the(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.【答案】introduction【解析】考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of,故只能 用 introductiono3. (ruic)of wciqi arc extraordinarily simple. There are 180 identical(完全一样的)white pieces and 181 identical black pieces fighting against e

31、ach other on a board 19x19 lines.【答案】Rules【解析】考查名词。句意：围棋的规那么非常简单。分析句子可知，设空处需填入名词作主语，由are可 知，此处需用复数，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Rules。4. “I had to wait fbr the staff to write down my information, which caused much more(convenience)than scanning codes.”【答案】inconvenience【解析】考查名词。句意：“我必须等待工作人员写下我的信息，这比扫描代码造成了更多的不便。”此

32、处 表示“不便，需用inconvenience作宾语。故填inconvenience。5. Therefore, daily(supply) were sent to me by my children so I could avoid going out.”【答案】supplies【解析】考查名词。句意：“因此，我的孩子们给我送来了 FI常用品，这样我就可以防止外出。“supply为 可数名词，结合谓语“were”可知，空处需填名词复数形式故填supplies。6. Jupiter is also a planet full of(puzzle).【答案】puzzles【解析】考查名词的数。

33、句意：木星也是一个充满谜题的行星。puzzle为可数名词，根据空前的“full。产可 知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填puzzles.7. When the spacecraft finally retires, its Earth-bound pilots will send it on a path to dive to its(dead) into the Jupiters atmosphere.【答案】death【解析】考杳名词。句意：当这艘宇宙飞船最终退役时，地球上的领航员将把它送上条通往木星大气层 的死亡之路。its为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故此处应用名词death,表抽象概念

34、，不可数。故填 death )Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many(city), including the capital of Romania (o iransform (heir old tree trunks into works of art.【答案】cities【解析】考查名词的数。句意：随着其声名鹊起，许多城市都要求Rizea将其古老的树干改造成艺术品， 其中包括罗马尼亚首都。city为可数名词，由many修饰应用更数形式故填cities。8. In spite of his obvious

35、 talent, the Romanian(art) recently got into art school in order to fully master woodcarving.【答案】artist【解析】考杳名词。句意：尽管天赋出众，这位罗马尼亚艺术家最近还是为了全面掌握木雕技艺而考上了 艺术学校。空处作主语，表示“艺术家应用名词artist,此处为特指Gabi Rizea这个艺术家应用单数。故填 artist o9. The sky is dotted with kites of different(design), such as dancing butterflies, bou

36、nding dragons, and swimming fish.【答案】designs【解析】考查名词的数.句意：天空点缀着各种不同设计的风筝，有匕舞的蝴蝶，跳跃的龙，还有游泳的 鱼。different (不同的)”修饰可数名词的复数形式,故填designs。10. The traditional Chinese kite expresses(harmonious) between human and nature, a long - held belief treasured by the Chinese people.【答案】harmony【解析】考查名词。句意：传统的中国风筝表达的是人

37、与自然的和谐，这是中国人长期保有的珍贵信仰。 故填 harmony o11. After the parly 1 was told by the fellow teacher that American women have a special saying about (birth).【答案】birthdays【解析】考查名词。句意：聚会结束后，同事老师告诉我，美国女性对于生日有一种特殊的说法。此处缺 少名词作介词about的宾语，根据句意可知此处表示“生日”，birthday是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故 填 birlhdayso12. A pedestrian lane runs mo

38、re than 4.000(meter) through the tropical forest, ensuring close contact with nature.【答案】meters【解析】考查名词。句意：一条人行道穿过热带森林，长达4000多米，保证了与自然的亲密接触。根据 设空前4000,可知应用名词复数。故填meters。13. Researchers found that those with strong, close bonds with their friends at age fifteen were more likely to be healthy and happ

39、y later. Importantly,( popular), defined as lots of people liking you generally but not closely, wasnt found to have the same benefit as close friends.【答案】popularity【解析】考查名词。句意：重要的是，受欢迎一被定义为很多人喜欢你但不是很喜欢你并没有被发 现和亲密的朋友有同样的好处。分析句子可知，空格处为句子主语，此处应用所给形容词popular的名词 形式作主语。故填popularity.14. With all the evide

40、nce he gathered, John Snow was able to announce with(certain) that polluted water carried the virus.【答案】certainty【解析】考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，with为介词，后需用名词作宾语，故此处填certainty。15. A video of Xiong Linghao, an 18-year-old blind girl playing Beethovens Pathelique Sonata in an international youth piano(compete) in

41、 Shanghai, went popular online.【答案】competition【解析】考查名词。句意：近日，一段18岁盲女熊凌浩在上海国际青少年钢琴比赛上演奏贝多芬悲 歌的视频在网上走红。冠词an后应用名词，所以应用名词competition (比赛)。故填competition。16. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart

42、 disease and early deaths from all (cause).【答案】causes【解析】考查名词的数。cause”原因”，为可数名词，前面有all,所以用复数。17. This switch has decreased(pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.【答案】pollution【解析】考查名词。作宾语，所以用名词，pollution,为不可数名词，无复数。18. Im a(science) who studies a

43、nimals such as apes and monkeys.【答案】scientist【解析】考查名词。后跟定语从句，关系词用who,所以先行词为人。19. Making Chinese(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。20. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and (he ri

44、se in(weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems,故填weight。21. There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical communily(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended si

45、de(effect) such as overweight and heart disease一(he very ihing the medical communily was trying to fight.【答案】effects【解析】考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用“，根据前文的some可 知副作用有很多，故填effects。22. In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilome

46、tres and allowed people to avoid terrible(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.【答案】crowds【解析】考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表 示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。23. By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million(copy) of his works have been

47、sold worldwide.【答案】copies【解析】考查名词复数。由其定语100 million可知，此处名词为复数形式，故填copies。24. McKinstry holds the(believe) that the British are funny.【答案】belief【解析】考查名词。句意：McKinstry认为英国人很有趣。根据定冠词the可知此处要用名词，做holds的 宾语,且belief是不可数名词。故填belief。25. On Wcibo, the breaking news has been sent by at least tens of thousands of users and received countless(thumb-up).【答案】thumb-ups【解析】考查名词复数。句意：在微博上，这条新闻已经被至少成千上万的用户转发，并收到了无数的点 赞。结合上文中countless (无数的)可知此处要用名词复数，故填thumb-ups。26. Il runs on(battery) and is programed to return (o where it started from when its passenger gels off.