2023年广东省佛山市高三一模英语试题含答案解析.docx

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1、20222023学年佛山市普通高中高三教学质量检测（一）英语2022.12本试卷共8页满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷 上无效。因不考听力，试卷从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATotal So

2、lar Eclipse 2023 AustraliaOne of natures most remarkable events-a total solar eclipse（日 tj）-will take place on the western edge of Australia on April 20th, 2023 and we have chosen the perfect way for you lo enjoy this event: on a cruise（航游）atThere have been only five total solar eclipses in Australi

3、a over the past century and this is the first hybrid eclipse in more than 1000 years. Unlike other cruises for this event, ours has the well-known astronomer Abigail Beall to accompany you. You will have the best possible view of the event as well as enjoying lectures and stargazing on land and at s

4、ea. Abigail will be on hand throughout, giving lectures on the history and science of eclipses, the black hole at the centre of the galaxy-along with providing many opportunities for guided stargazing. Plus, there will be additional talks from the Astronomical Society of Australia. Click here fbr de

5、tailed arrangements of the (our.Single occupancyPer guest based on two people sharingInterior cabin2, 4291,699Oceanview cabin3,2292, 199If you wish to add a third adult or child to your room, please ask for a quote.Alongside the cruise, you can also explore some of Australias best scientific and nat

6、ural phenomena with a series of tailored add-on lours covering astronomy on the east coast and visits to Uluru, Sydney, the Great Barrier Reef and much more. On the last day of the tour, wc can send you back to the airport fbr your return journey home, or you can join one of our add-on tours. Click

7、here for full details about add-on lours.20222023学年佛山市普通高中高三教学质量检测（一）英语2022.12本试卷共8页满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷 上无效。因不考听力，试卷从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

8、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATotal Solar Eclipse 2023 AustraliaOne of natures most remarkable events-a total solar eclipse（日 tj）-will take place on the western edge of Australia on April 20th, 2023 and we have chosen the perfect way for you to enjoy this event: on a cruise（航游）atThere have been o

9、nly five total solar eclipses in Australia over the past century and this is the first hybrid eclipse in more than 1000 years. Unlike other cruises for this event, ours has the well-known astronomer Abigail Beall to accompany you. You will have the best possible view of the event as well as enjoying

10、 lectures and stargazing on land and at sea. Abigail will be on hand throughout, giving lectures on the history and science of eclipses, the black hole at the centre of the galaxy-along with providing many opportunities for guided stargazing. Plus, there will be additional talks from the Astronomica

11、l Society of Australia. Click here fbr detailed arrangements of the (our.Single occupancyPer guest based on two people sharingInterior cabin2, 4291,699Oceanview cabin3,2292, 199If you wish to add a third adult or child to your room, please ask for a quote.Alongside the cruise, you can also explore s

12、ome of Australias best scientific and natural phenomena with a series of tailored add-on lours covering astronomy on the east coast and visits to Uluru, Sydney, the Great Barrier Reef and much more. On the last day of the tour, wc can send you back to the airport fbr your return journey home, or you

13、 can join one of our add-on tours. Click here for full details about add-on lours.1. What makes the cruise different from others?A. A specialists guidance.B. A talk with astronomers.C. A chance tbr stargazingA meeting with astronauts.2. How much should a couple pay for a tour in a Oceanview cabin?A.

14、 3, 229.B. 2, 199.C. . 6,458D. 4, 398.3. What is （he purpose of the text?A. To celebrate a historic event.B. To advertise a special cruise.C. To introduce a travel agency.D. To explain a natural phenomenon.【答案】l.A 2.D3.B【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章是为可以参加澳大利亚西部边缘发生的日全食的海上巡航做广告。【I题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Unlike other crui

15、ses for this event, ours has the well-known astronomer Abigail Beall I。accompany you.（与其他游轮不同的是，我们有著名的天文学家阿比盖尔比尔陪同您。）”可知，专家的指 导让这个游轮与众不同。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据表格Oceanview cabin后的“Per guest based on two people sharing 2, 199（按两人分摊每位 客人2199英镑计算）”可知，夫妇两人要2199乘以2=4398英镑。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 “One of natures

16、 most remarkable events-a total solar eclipse（日蚀）一will take place on the western edge of Australia on April 20th, 2023 and we have chosen the perfect way for you to enjoy this event: on a cruise（航游）at sea.（自然界最引人注目的事件之一日全食将于2023年4月20日在澳大利亚西部 边缘发生，我们为你选择了享受这一事件的完美方式:在海上巡航。）”可知，本文的目的是为一次特别巡游 做广 告。故选Bo

17、BDevezas mother was on the waiting list fbr a kidney transplant（肾移植）.Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys-but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.Deveza came up with a diflerent plan. In 2017, she started the worlds first paire

18、d exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver（肝）fbr someone elses kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published, and the surgeons who were involved are calling fbr more exchanges like this. You can imagine the enormous impact fbr mixed organ exte

19、nded chains,“ says John Roberts, a surgeon at University ofCalifornia, San Francisco.Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure arc increasingly receiving donated organ

20、s from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune（免疫的）system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the others relative.When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a

21、kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donoi，一the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the ideas potential.Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Anni

22、e Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Devezas mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons sister. The hospital gave the go-ahcad and the four operat

23、ions took place on the same day successfully.The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a yeara ten percent increase.4. What di

24、d Deveza do to save her mother?A. Carrying out a case study.B. Calling for kidney donations.C. Launching a medical experiment.D. Trading half her liver for a kidney.5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Patients desperation to survive.B. Several sources of organ donation.C. Current situation

25、 of organ transplants.D. Doctors, efforts to improve organ transplants.6. What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons?A. It discouraged organ donation.B. It brought two families together.C. It met with widespread approval.D. It produced a desirable outcome.7. What is （he

26、 best title for the text?A. My Liver, Your KidneyMothers Love, Our Happiness8. Organ Transplant: Blessing for PatientsOrgan Exchange: Major Medical Advances【答案】4. D 5.C6. D 7. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了 Deveza用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈，并 取得了成功。这一成功的案例具有积极的影响。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容 “Deveza came up with a di

27、fferent plan. In 2017, she started the worlds first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver for someone clscs kidney.（Deveza提出了一个不同的计划。2017年，她开始了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间的不同器官配对交 换，用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏。）”可知，Deveza为了帮助妈妈移植合适的肾脏，用自己的一半肝 脏作为交换。故选D项。【5题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅读，结合第三段的关键句

28、“here are never enough organs.（但器官永远都不够用）”，41 people with kidney failure arc increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends（肾衰竭患者越来越 多地接受亲友捐赠的器官）”和 doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the others relalive（医生可能会找到成对的潜在捐赠者，他们各自可以将一个肾脏捐给对方的

29、亲属）”可知, 该段主要讲述了器官移植的现状。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容 “The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a yeara ten per cent increase.（研究

30、小组希望这个开创性的案例能激励更多的人 考虑做同样的事情。罗伯茨说，涉及两名捐赠者的直接交换每年可增加多达30例活体肝脏移植增加 10%。）”可知，他们两个的“器官互换”的成功可以对其他人产生激励作用，从而使直接交换器官的案例增加。由此可推知，这产生了令人满意的结果。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章第二段内容“In 2017, she started ihe worlds firsl paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver for someo

31、ne clscs kidney.（ 2017 年，她开始了世 界上第一次活体捐赠者之间的不同器官配对交换，用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏。）”为核心话题，即，文章主要讲述了 Deveza用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈，并取得了成功，后文则以此为延申讲述 了其可能产生的枳极影响。因此，选项A “My Liver, Your Kidney（我的肝，你的肾）”不仅贴合主旨，且作 为标题更具有吸引力。故选A项。CIls no secret now that the more time we spend on social media, the more we feel dissatisfi

32、ed with ourselves. We tend to compare ourselves to influences and celebrities- so its easy to understand how that can affect our confidence.But, how often have you found yourself comparing your life to your friends? Engaging with social media shared by our friends can be more damaging than looking a

33、t content shared by celebrities, new research has found.The study looking at how social media affects body image found that any social media engagement was significantly associated with lower 44 appearance satisfaction ” . Additionally, it found that engaging with content posted by people the partic

34、ipants knew was more than twice as damaging as looking at content posted by strangers, including celebrities.Viren Swami, Professor of Social Psychology al Anglia Ruskin University, believes (his is partly because we know its hard to attain the lives of celebrities or influences, but when were compa

35、ring ourselves to our friends, it feels like we should- or could-live the way they do.“One possible explanation is that people may perceive a post showing appearance as being much more attainable if it comes from someone they know, adding expectation or pressure on the person engaging in the post, h

36、e said. At the same time, people may be more critically engaged with posts by the likes of models and celebrities, and therefore perceive the images they share to be more unrealistic. ”This is not just confined to body image though. We all have one area in our lives that triggers(触 发)us. Maybe youve

37、 been searching fbr a new job fbr months and you find yourself on social media, envying your school friend who just landed their dream role. Maybe.All this is to say the obvious: we only see part of peoples lives -and if its getting you down, youre probably comparing your insides to other peoples ou

38、tsides. Everyone has their struggles and life is indeed not perfect fbr anyone. So, put down your phone, get offline, be thankful and try to live your own life.8 What did the new study find?A. Social media invites unfavorable comments.B. Friends posts affect us more than celebrities,.C. Celebrities

39、have a negative influence on our life.D. Body image causes more concern than social life.9. Why are we more likely to compare with our friends according to Swami?A. They serve as role models.B. Wc know the way they live.,Their lifestyles are accessible.C. We are curious about their life.10. What doe

40、s the underlined word in Paragraph 6 probably mean?A. Restricted.B. Related.C. Devoted.D. Exposed.11. What does the author suggest people do?A. Find your dream and fight for it.B. Stop comparing and be yourself.C. Be grateful and lead a perfect life.D. Stop complaining and get down (o work.【答案】8. B

41、9.C10. A II. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新研究。新研究发现朋友的帖子对人们的影响比名人的更大，让人们更容易与朋友进行比较。但是作者建议人们放下手机，心存感激，努力过自己的生活。【8题详解】细节理解题。文章第二段讲到 “Engaging with social media shared by our friends can be more damaging than looking al content shared by celebrities, new research has found.（一项新的研究发现，与看名人分享的内容相比， 参与朋友分享的社交媒体

42、可能更具破坏性）”可知新研究发现朋友的帖子对我们的影响比名人的更大，故选 Bo【9题详解】推理判断题。文章第二段讲到 “ Viren Swami, Professor of Social Psychology at Anglia Ruskin University, believes （his is partly because we know its hard to attain the lives of celebrities or influences, but when were comparing ourselves to our friends, it feels like we

43、should- or could-live the way they do. （Anglia Ruskin 大学社会 心理学教授Viren Swami认为，这部分是因为我们知道很难获得名人或影响力的生活，但当我们将自己与朋友 进行比较时，感觉我们应该或者可以像他们那样生活）”可知根据Swam的说法，我们更容易与朋友进行比较 是因为他们的生活方式更容易见得到，故选Co【10题详解】词义猜测题。文章划线单词下一句讲到We all have one area in our lives that triggers（触 发）us. Maybe you,ve been searching for a ne

44、w job for months and you find yourself on social media, envying your school friend who just landed their dream role.（我们的生活中都有一个领域触发了我们。也许你已经找了好几个月的新工作，你在 社交媒体上发现自己，羡慕你的学校朋友，他刚刚找到了他们梦想中的角色。）”可知划线单词所在句子的意 思是：但这不仅仅局限于身体形象。所以第六段中带下划线的单词可能的意思是“受限制的，故选Ao11题详解】推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到Everyone has their struggles and

45、 life is indeed not perfect for anyone. So, put down your phone, get offline, be thankful and try to live your own life.（每个人都有自己的奋斗,生活对任何人 来说都不完美。所以，放下手机，下线，心存感激，努力过自己的生活。）”可知作者建议人们停止比较， 做你自己，故选DGiven that the dictionary definition of curiosity is the desire to know something* it may be of little su

46、rprise that much research has concerned its benefits fbr education.Consider a study at the University of California at Davis in 2014. The researchers first asked each participant to rate their curiosity about learning the answers to a series of questions such as “What does the term dinosauractually

47、mean? The participants then lay in an fMRI brain scanner （扫描仪）while the same questions were presented, followed shortly after by the answers. The participants were then tested on their recollection of the facts an hour later.The effects of curiosity on later recall were striking. When the participan

48、ts were highly curious about a fact, they were 30% more likely to recall it. And this seemed to correspond to heightened activity in areas of the midbrain that release dopamine （多巴胺）.Dopamine is normally associated with reward, but animal studies suggest that it can also enhance the formation of new neural（神经的）connections. It looked as if the feeling of curiosity was helping prepare the brain to absorb the new and important information, and this then resulted in a more stable memory.Interestingly, the researchers found that the dopamine hit, ar