新教材英语外研版选择性必修四学案unit4EverydayeconomicsUsinglanguage.docx

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1、Unit 4 Everyday economicsUsing language语法精讲素养提升定语从句(Attributive Clauses)定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰 主句的某个名词性成分，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句 又分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句对被修 饰的先行词有限定制约作用，不能省略。非限定性定语从句与先行词关 系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，可以省略。一图情境探究用恰当的关系词补全句子并体会其功能。1. This is a place where/in which roses grow wild.2. T

2、he biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.3. Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.4. As people say, it takes a village to raise a child.5. As someone who /that gre

3、w up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants.。要义详析1. 定语从句的关系词Id like the photos. Your mother took them last summer.Id like the photos which/that our mother took last summer.2. The train is very comfortable. We took the train.The train (which)we took is very comfortable.3. Is the car

4、nice? She wanted to buy the car.Is the car (which/that)she wanted to buy nice?3.1 like my hometown. I was born there.I like mv hometown where I was born.6. The building is my uncles house. Its wall is white.The building whose wall is white is mv uncles house.7. He came late again. It made his teache

5、r angry.He came late again, which made his teacher angrv.1.1 have many good friends and some of them are from the USA.I have many good friends, some of whom are from the USA.9. We know that China has been developing fast in the past 10 years.As we know, China has been developing fast in the past 10

6、years.10. We all dream of visiting Beijing. There are many places of interest in Beijing.We all dream of visiting Beijing where there are many places of interest.一语法主题应用用适当的关系词填空Mary, 1. whose drawings were shown at the exhibition last month, is a model student 2. who is often praised for her good w

7、ork at school. 3. As we all know, Mary is famous for her painting of horses. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 4. which was hung on the wall in front of us. The horse 5. which was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 6. wh

8、o was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 7. that I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 8. that I have ever heard of. Her friend 9. who was visiting the exhibition told me the reason 10. why Mary painted well was that it had taken Mary thousands

9、of hours to learn and practise drawing.引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose), as等。关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行 词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。2 .定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限定性定语从句及非 限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可 省去。*Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont d

10、o such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。(2)非限定性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用, 如省去，意思仍完整。*The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词thato.关系代词的用法 thatthat既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或 表语，作宾语可省略。例如：*Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）*The coa

11、t（that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）（2）whichwhich用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：*The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）*The film（which） we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）（3）who, whomwho, whom用于指人,who用作主语、宾语或表语,

12、whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如：*The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩来自英国。（who作主语）*Who is the teacher（whom） Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？ （whom作宾语）as引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，必须用于such/so. as.或 the same. as.结构中，例如:*Such people as were mentioned by him wer

13、e honest.被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。*Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人能解出的数学题。*This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。引导非限定性定语从句时，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、 前面或主谓之间，翻译成正如那样。例如：我们都知道，地球绕着太阳转。*The earth moves around the sun, as

14、 we all know.*As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.*The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun.在非限定性定语从句中,which和as引导定语从句时的区别：*which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主 句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。*as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有正如就像之意,which则 没有此含义。*as引导的非限定性定语从句只能修饰句子，which引导的非限定性定 语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。【即学活用】语

15、法填空。（2019全国卷 I ）lf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible （符合条件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.（2）（2019全国卷 I ）During the rosy years of elementary school （小学）,I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which al

16、lowed me to keep my high social status.(2019全国卷 I )Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置)that /which gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.(4)As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.(5)With shining dark eyes, he seems lik

17、e the kind of kid who/that would enjoy public speaking.3 .关系副词的用法when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：*This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。(when二at which)(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：*This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which)(3)why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：*Nobody knows the reas

18、on why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which)【即学活用】语法填空。(l)She didn/t tell me the reason why she refused the offer.(2)(2019江苏高考)We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.(3)(2019,天津高考)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words

19、but not full sentences.(4)(2018北京高考)The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to ones personal history and psychological traits.4 .定语从句高频考点当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who, whom, that, which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用介词+which/whom结构。例 如：*There will be a true global village in wh

20、ich telephones, computers and televisions interact.将会出现一个电话、电脑、电视互动的真正的地球村。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置 o例如：*This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。关系词只能用that的情况：先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词 最高级时，只能用that,而不用whicho例如：*He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。被修饰的先

21、行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时，只能用that,而不用which。例如：*ls there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等 词修饰时,只能用that,而不用whicho例如：*This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以

22、用关系代词who。例如：*Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that。例如：*1 can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用thato例 如：*Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那

23、个女孩是谁？主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which。 例如：*There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:先行词为that, those时，用which,而不用that。例如：*Whats that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？关系代词前有介词时、用which,而不用that。例如：*This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。引导非限定性定语从句，

24、用which,而不用that。例如：*Tom came back, which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。【即学活用】语法填空。（2019全国卷IH）While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise.（2）（2019天津高考）Our mission is to create a welcoming environment in which residents feel comfortable, safe and a sense

25、 of belonging.（2019浙江高考）1 realized that was the only thing that we had left.（4）（2019全国卷IH）Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement.课时检测素养达标I.

26、单句语法填空The exact year which Anglela and her family spent together in China was 2008.1. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.2. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.3. I am

27、looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.4. Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.5. Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.6. Kae, whose sister I sha

28、red a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.7. Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.8. As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.9. He wrote many children s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.n.句型转换（将下列句子转换成定语从句）1. My father gave me a book. This is a book about Australia.Mv father nave me a book which/that is a book about Australia.