英语考试四级完型填空题的解题方法与技巧.pptx

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1、会计学1英语考试四级完型填空题的解题方法与技英语考试四级完型填空题的解题方法与技巧巧一、完型填空题的设计一、完型填空题的设计n n题目设计的规则：题目设计的规则：大约在近250字的文章中每隔816字就有一个空格，而且是按照一定的间隔并根据语法或词汇测试的标准设计的。这些空格表面看起来没有什么意义，实际上综合了词汇、语法结构以及阅读理解所要测试的内容。第1页/共47页一、完型填空题的设计一、完型填空题的设计n n完形填空的内容：完形填空的内容：完型填空涉完型填空涉及说明文，议论文等众多文体及说明文，议论文等众多文体体裁，而题裁更涉及到社会领体裁，而题裁更涉及到社会领域的方方面面，政治、经济、域的

2、方方面面，政治、经济、文化、教育、医学、天文、体文化、教育、医学、天文、体育、科技等等。所以考生具备育、科技等等。所以考生具备大量的背景知识也是格外重要大量的背景知识也是格外重要的。的。第2页/共47页以近几年的十四套真题为例以近几年的十四套真题为例考试时间考试时间体裁体裁主题主题2000年年1月月说明文说明文学校教育学校教育2001年年1月月说明文说明文课堂教学课堂教学2001年年6月月说明文说明文友谊友谊2002年年1月月记叙文记叙文一次看电影的经历一次看电影的经历2003年年1月月说明文说明文人与动物的语言人与动物的语言2004年年1月月议论文议论文孩子的家庭作业问题孩子的家庭作业问题第

3、3页/共47页2004年年6月月议论文议论文美国历史教学有待改革美国历史教学有待改革2005年年1月月说明文说明文如何理性消费如何理性消费2006年年1月月说明文说明文飞机上的常见病症及施救飞机上的常见病症及施救2006年年6月月议论文议论文（旧）绿色城市的建设（旧）绿色城市的建设2006年年6月月说明文说明文（新）改善人们睡眠的钟（新）改善人们睡眠的钟2007年年1月月说明文说明文语言的表现形式及功能语言的表现形式及功能2007年年6月月报道报道地震后的赈灾情况地震后的赈灾情况2008 年年6月月说明文说明文大学教育的目的大学教育的目的第4页/共47页二、完型填空的做题步二、完型填空的做题步

4、骤骤第5页/共47页步骤一，通读全篇，把步骤一，通读全篇，把握总的思想，了解知识握总的思想，了解知识背景。背景。通过“窗口”了解全文。可以判断体裁、把握背景、推测判断体裁、把握背景、推测大意、主题或结构大意、主题或结构。第6页/共47页n nThree girls went walking in the woods.They were enjoying themselves so much that they forgot the time and stayed too long.A dragon kidnapped them.As they were be dragging off.They

5、 cried for help.Three heroes heard the cries and set off their horses to rescue the girls.n n预测故事结尾第7页/共47页n nOne possible result:The heroes came and fought with the dragon and rescued the girls.Then the heroes returned the girls to their places.Maybe,the three girls married the three men respective

6、ly.第8页/共47页n n Writing in a diary,watching television,talking with friends,speaking on Writing in a diary,watching television,talking with friends,speaking on the telephone,and reading a menu-what do they have in common?the telephone,and reading a menu-what do they have in common?.Thus,_ may be defi

7、ned as the means by which people exchange Thus,_ may be defined as the means by which people exchange feelings and ideas with each other.feelings and ideas with each other.A.information B.learning A.information B.learning C.communication D.acquisition C.communication D.acquisition C第9页/共47页步骤二步骤二，选择

8、答案。，选择答案。选择答案的方法选择答案的方法：一，可以不看选项，自己猜测正确答案，然后再在选项当中选择最接近自己猜测的一项。二，可以将选项带入空格内检测。原则原则：先易后难先易后难第10页/共47页步骤三，为不确定答案寻找线步骤三，为不确定答案寻找线索。索。文章前面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的末尾才才能找到答案。所以，对于那些难度颇高的空格只有在字里行间寻找线索。一定要上下连贯，合乎逻辑。步骤四，回头补缺步骤四，回头补缺 我们不提倡在一个题上耽误太多的时间。如果有我们不提倡在一个题上耽误太多的时间。如果有一一个不会我们可以暂时放过，继续思路做下面的个不会我们可以暂时放过，继续思路做下面

9、的题，等通篇做完后再回过头来考虑这个选项题，等通篇做完后再回过头来考虑这个选项。切。切忌，一定要保证思维的连续性和统一性。忌，一定要保证思维的连续性和统一性。第11页/共47页步骤五，核实答案。从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查：从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查：从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查：从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查：1)1)选词是否选词是否选词是否选词是否符合符合符合符合本句本句本句本句内容内容内容内容，使上下文连贯和谐，使上下文连贯和谐，使上下文连贯和谐，使上下文连贯和谐，与全文意义相协调；与全文意义相协调；与全文意义相协调；与全文意义相协调；2)2)选词是否符合某种选词是否符合某种选词

10、是否符合某种选词是否符合某种固定搭配固定搭配固定搭配固定搭配；3)3)选词是否符合选词是否符合选词是否符合选词是否符合某种句型、时态、语态某种句型、时态、语态某种句型、时态、语态某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要的特殊要的特殊要的特殊要求，如虚拟语气从句中的谓语动词用原形求，如虚拟语气从句中的谓语动词用原形求，如虚拟语气从句中的谓语动词用原形求，如虚拟语气从句中的谓语动词用原形(过去式、过去式、过去式、过去式、过去完成式过去完成式过去完成式过去完成式)；4)4)所选词本身或附近的词有无所选词本身或附近的词有无所选词本身或附近的词有无所选词本身或附近的词有无特殊要求特殊要求特殊要求特殊要求，如有些，如

11、有些，如有些，如有些动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式。动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式。动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式。动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式。5)5)保持自信，不要轻易否定以前选过的选项。必保持自信，不要轻易否定以前选过的选项。必保持自信，不要轻易否定以前选过的选项。必保持自信，不要轻易否定以前选过的选项。必要时对个别答案仍需推敲，发现不妥，要重新考虑，要时对个别答案仍需推敲，发现不妥，要重新考虑，要时对个别答案仍需推敲，发现不妥，要重新考虑，要时对个别答案仍需推敲，发现不妥，要重新考虑，但应慎重，无确实把握，仍应但应慎重，无确实把握，仍应但应慎重，无确实把握，仍应但应慎重，无确

12、实把握，仍应相信第一印象相信第一印象相信第一印象相信第一印象。第12页/共47页三、完型填空题的考察内容第13页/共47页三、完型填空题的考察三、完型填空题的考察内容内容n n词汇词汇词汇词汇第一、第一、第一、第一、词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析 （单词的掌握，基本义）（单词的掌握，基本义）例例例例1 That“something special”was men 1 That“something special”was men creative individuals who could invent creative individuals who could invent machine

13、s,find new machines,find new 75 75 of power,and of power,and establish business organizations to reshape establish business organizations to reshape society.society.A)origins(A)origins(由来由来由来由来,出身出身出身出身)B)sources B)sources C)bases C)bases D)discoveries D)discoveries第14页/共47页 第二、第二、形近词辨异形近词辨异例例1 Spea

14、king quickly but almost in a whisper,she 75 everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines or at least how to drive a car.A)inquired B)insured C)informed D)instructed第15页/共47页例例2 Following 88 ,the man guided the plane toward the airfield.A)impress

15、ion B)information C)inspections D)instructions例例3 Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow 66 else to do so.A)everybody B)anybody C)somebody D)nobody第16页/共47页例例4 A.encourages B.enables C.enforces D.ensures例例5 A.attraction B.a

16、ttention C.affection D.motion例例6 A.interfered B.interrupted C.discouraged D.disturbed例例7 A.desired B.revised C.required D.deserved第17页/共47页第三、第三、第三、第三、词语搭配词语搭配词语搭配词语搭配例例1 The man had to circle the airport several times in order to become 85 with the controls of the plane.A)intimate B)familiar C)unde

17、rstood D)close第18页/共47页例例3 A land free from destruction,plus wealth,natural resources,and labor supply,all these were important factors in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.But they were not enough.Something 73 was needed to start the industrial process.A)else B)near

18、 C)extra D)similar第19页/共47页例例2 Did you ever have someones name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it?When this happens again,do not try to recall it.Do something 73 for a couple of minutes and the name may come into your head.A)simple B)apart C)else D)similar第20页/共47页n n例例4

19、Take it _69_ granted that he likes everything and 4 Take it _69_ granted that he likes everything and he probably willhe probably will A.with B.as C.over A.with B.as C.over D.forD.forn n例例5 But these various means of communication differ 5 But these various means of communication differ in in import

20、ant ways _68_ human language.important ways _68_ human language.A.about B.with A.about B.with C.fromC.from D.in D.inn n例例6 the great tit(6 the great tit(山雀山雀)is a case _77_point.)is a case _77_point.A.inA.in B.at C.of B.at C.of D.for D.for第21页/共47页语法：（句）语法：（句）语法：（句）语法：（句）第一、第一、指代关系指代关系例例例例1 1 The fo

21、reign researchThe foreign research scholar scholar usually isolates usually isolates 76 76 in the laboratory as a means of protection;However,in the laboratory as a means of protection;However,what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized

22、 university university system system quite different from quite different from 79 79 at home.at home.76.76.A)himselfA)himself B)oneself C)him D)one B)oneself C)him D)one79.A)those B)which C)what 79.A)those B)which C)what D)thatD)that第22页/共47页例例 2 2 No two speakers speak in exactly the same way.We ca

23、n always hear differences 74 them,A)between B)among C)of D)from第23页/共47页n n例例 3 We can change an utterance by replacing one word in it with _73_.A.ours B.theirs C.another D.others第24页/共47页例例4 They also suggest that our readers do not call for friends only among those who are most like them,but find

24、many_78_ differ in race.A.people B.who C.what D.friends第25页/共47页第二、虚拟语气第二、虚拟语气 例例 1 Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works;They expect students,particularly graduate students,to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library.Professors will help students w

25、ho need it,but 84 that their students should not be too dependent on them.A)hate B)dislike C)like D)prefer第26页/共47页例例 2 A geographer might be described as one who observes,records,and explains the differences between places.If places 87 alike,there would be little need for geographers.A)being B)are

26、C)be D)were例例 3but _63_ you were to move the skin you would not tell anything about the race to which the individual belonged.A).since B).if C).as D).while第27页/共47页第三、倒装第三、倒装第三、倒装第三、倒装知识要点知识要点:倒装分完全倒倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装。重点是部分倒装。第28页/共47页1、否定倒装。否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构（hardly,seldom,scarcel

27、y,never,little,nowhere,not once，under no circumstances,in no way，no sooner than）用于句首时所导致的倒装。如：Vitamins do not provide energy,_42_ do they construct or build any part of the body.A.either B.so C.nor D.never 第29页/共47页2 2、虚拟倒装虚拟倒装虚拟倒装虚拟倒装。指在。指在IFIF引导的虚拟条件句中，将引导的虚拟条件句中，将IFIF省略，把省略，把should,had,wereshould

28、,had,were提至主语前，形成倒装。提至主语前，形成倒装。e.g.Were I you,Ill never promise to do that.e.g.Were I you,Ill never promise to do that.3 3、强调倒装。强调倒装。强调倒装。强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装：句子结构要求倒装：如：倒装：句子结构要求倒装：如：a.so a.so 倒装句倒装句 b.b.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only,oftenonly,often，then,so then,so

29、 c.c.以某些表示否定的副词开头作状语；以某些表示否定的副词开头作状语；little,hardly,little,hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,nowhere,not once seldom,scarcely,never,nowhere,not once d.d.某些表示否定的副词短语开头作状语某些表示否定的副词短语开头作状语:under no:under no circumstances,in no way,no sooner than,circumstances,in no way,no sooner than,hardly/scarcely/barelywh

30、en/before hardly/scarcely/barelywhen/before e.As e.As作作“虽然虽然但是但是”解时用半倒装。解时用半倒装。4 4、省略倒装。涉及词语包括省略倒装。涉及词语包括so,neither,nor so,neither,nor n n例例例例 _70_ does size have anything to do with intelligence._70_ does size have anything to do with intelligence.n nA.Only B.Or A.Only B.Or C.C.Nor Nor D.So D.So第30

31、页/共47页第四、从句和强调句型第四、从句和强调句型第四、从句和强调句型第四、从句和强调句型 n n例例例例 1 1 The word geography comes from two Greek words,ge,the The word geography comes from two Greek words,ge,the Greek word for“earth”and graphing,Greek word for“earth”and graphing,75 75 means“to write”.means“to write”.A)what B)that A)what B)that C

32、)whichC)which D)it D)itn n例例例例 2 2 but a bird has a single alarm cry,_75_ means“danger!”but a bird has a single alarm cry,_75_ means“danger!”A.this B.that A.this B.that C.whichC.which D.it D.itn n例例例例 3 3 These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high These secondary routes may go up steep

33、 slopes,along high cliffs,or down frightening hillsides to towns lying in deep valleys.cliffs,or down frightening hillsides to towns lying in deep valleys.Through these less direct routes,longer and slower,they generally go Through these less direct routes,longer and slower,they generally go to plac

34、esto places 88 88 the air is clean and the scenery(the air is clean and the scenery(风景风景)is beautiful,)is beautiful,A)there B)when C)which D A)there B)when C)which D)where)where 第31页/共47页第三、第三、第三、第三、语篇考查语篇考查语篇考查语篇考查 （篇）（篇）（篇）（篇）例例例例 1 1 The United States is well-known for its network of The United S

35、tates is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.place to another in the shortest possible time.Although these wide modern roads are generally Although the

36、se wide modern roads are generally smooth and well maintained,with smooth and well maintained,with 73 73 sharp sharp curves and many straight sections,a direct route is not curves and many straight sections,a direct route is not always the most _75_ one.Large high ways often always the most _75_ one

37、.Large high ways often pass pass 76 76 scenic areas and interesting small towns.scenic areas and interesting small towns.n n73.A)little B)few C)much 73.A)little B)few C)much D)manyD)manyn n75.A)terrible B)possible 75.A)terrible B)possible C)enjoyable C)enjoyable D)profitable D)profitablen n76.A)to B

38、)into C)over 76.A)to B)into C)over D)byD)by第32页/共47页例例 2 When research is assigned,the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with 79 guidance.It is the students responsibility to find books,magazines,and articles in the library.Professors do not have the time to explai

39、n how a university library works;79.A)maximum B)minimum C)possible D)practical第33页/共47页四、完型填空题的相应对策四、完型填空题的相应对策针对出题者的考察内容，我们有以下相应的对策：针对出题者的考察内容，我们有以下相应的对策：第一种：词义与词形辨析第一种：词义与词形辨析 四级完形考察词汇不外乎同义词、反义词、形近四级完形考察词汇不外乎同义词、反义词、形近词，和词的精确用法。我们应该了解高频词的近义词，和词的精确用法。我们应该了解高频词的近义词、反义词，形近词和词汇的基本义。例如，词、反义词，形近词和词汇的基本义

40、。例如，1)Geographers compare and contrast _ places 1)Geographers compare and contrast _ places in the world.in the world.A.similar A.similar B.various B.various C.distant D.famous C.distant D.famous 第34页/共47页2)The findings _ that issues of trust and betrayal are central to friendship.A.secure(保护)B.assu

41、re（保证）C.confirm（证实)D.resolve（决心，解决）3)The big shops,beautifully decorated and brightly lit,stay open long after dark.Shop owners like Christmas because it is a time when people _ presents.A.change B.exchange C.transfer（转移）D.transform（转变）第35页/共47页第二种：运用上下文逻辑关系填词。第二种：运用上下文逻辑关系填词。第二种：运用上下文逻辑关系填词。第二种：运用上

42、下文逻辑关系填词。n n并列、转折、对比、列举、原并列、转折、对比、列举、原因、结果、让步、补充等关系。因、结果、让步、补充等关系。第36页/共47页n n表示并列关系的表示并列关系的表示并列关系的表示并列关系的：and,on the one hand,on the and,on the one hand,on the other,(other,(也可表对比也可表对比)n n表示转折关系的表示转折关系的表示转折关系的表示转折关系的：however,nevertheless,still,however,nevertheless,still,though,yet,in spite of,at an

43、y rate,in any case,etc.though,yet,in spite of,at any rate,in any case,etc.n n表示对比关系的：表示对比关系的：表示对比关系的：表示对比关系的：on the contrary,in contrast,by on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,conversely,contrast,in comparison,by comparison,conversely,etc.etc.n n表示补充关系的表示补充关系的表示补充关系的表

44、示补充关系的：also,further,furthermore,also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,in addition,whats more,likewise,similarly,moreover,in addition,whats more,notbut,not only but also,etc.notbut,not only but also,etc.n n表示让步关系的表示让步关系的表示让步关系的表示让步关系的：although,though,no matter,although,though,no matter

45、,even if,even if,第37页/共47页n n表示原因关系的：表示原因关系的：because,since,as,for,now that,considering that,seeing that,in that,in as much as,on account of the fact that,for fear that,on the ground that,etc.n n表示结果关系的表示结果关系的：so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,as a result,etc.n n表示列举关系的：表示列举关系的：first,s

46、econd,third,firstly,secondly,next,in the first place,for one thing,to begin with,to conclude,etc.第38页/共47页1)There are four types of blood._ types are found in every race,and no types is distinct to any race.A.All B.Most C.No D.Some (上下文)2)The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the

47、laboratory as a means of protection;_ what he really needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system.A.otherwise B.moreover C.however D.also （逻辑关系）第39页/共47页3)Earths animals are disappearing faster than they reproduce.Because there is too little research and too much ignorance,_ is aw

48、are of how much we are losing.A.anyone B.no one C.someone D.either one 4)This act(法案)was formed to protect endangered species._,land developers and factory owners disagree.A.However B.Furthermore C.Therefore D.Though第40页/共47页第三种：固定搭配第三种：固定搭配第三种：固定搭配第三种：固定搭配1)We judge race usually _ the coloring of t

49、he race:a white race,a brown 1)We judge race usually _ the coloring of the race:a white race,a brown race,a yellow race and a black race.race,a yellow race and a black race.A.in A.in B.from B.from C.at D.on C.at D.on 2)Unlike other social roles that we are expected to _1_-as citizens,2)Unlike other

50、social roles that we are expected to _1_-as citizens,employees,members of professional societies and _2_ employees,members of professional societies and _2_ organizations,it has its own principle.organizations,it has its own principle.A.keep B.do C.show A.keep B.do C.show D.playD.play A.all B.any A.