管理学原理第一讲导论优秀PPT.ppt
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1、管理学原理第一讲导论第一页,本课件共有106页课程框架课程框架教材:教材:罗宾斯,管理学,清华出版社,罗宾斯,管理学,清华出版社,2005年年管理导论管理导论决策理论决策理论战略与经营战略与经营组织理论组织理论(结构、变革与创新)(结构、变革与创新)组织行为组织行为(个体、团队、层级)(个体、团队、层级)第二页,本课件共有106页课程考试课程考试个人课程报告(个人课程报告(5050):提出问题与):提出问题与解释问题、分析问题(运用相关数解释问题、分析问题(运用相关数据和信息)、解决问题(参考相关据和信息)、解决问题(参考相关企业的做法)、解决问题的假设或企业的做法)、解决问题的假设或支持条件
2、支持条件研究一个公司研究一个公司期末考试(期末考试(5050):开卷,):开卷,2 2小时小时第三页,本课件共有106页第一讲第一讲 导论导论管理与跨文化管理管理与跨文化管理第四页,本课件共有106页Chapter One:LECTURE OUTLINE1.Who are managers?2.What is organization?3.What is management?4.What do manager do?5.What are managers role?6.What are managers skill?7.Is The Managers Job Universal?8.Why
3、should we study management?第五页,本课件共有106页1.WHO ARE MANAGERS?A.Managers work in organizations and direct the activities of others.They differ from operatives who have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others.第六页,本课件共有106页2.What is organization?A.An organization is defined as a systematic ar
4、rangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.B.Organizations share three common characteristics:a.Has a distinct purpose.b.Is composed of people.c.Develops a systematic structure that defines and limits the behavior of organizational members.第七页,本课件共有106页3.WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?Management is
5、 the process of getting activities done efficiently and effectively with and through other people.1.The process includes the functions or primary activities performed by managers.2.Efficiency refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs and refers to efforts to minimize resource costs.3.Eff
6、ectiveness refers to goal attainment.4.Managers seek to be both efficient and effective.第八页,本课件共有106页4.WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?(1)Planning includes defining goals,establishing strategy,and developing plans to coordinate activities.(2)Organizing is determining what tasks are to be done,who is to do them,
7、how the tasks are to be grouped,who reports to whom,and where decisions are to be made.第九页,本课件共有106页(3)Leading includes motivating subordinates,directing others,selecting the most effective communication channels,and resolving conflicts.(4)Controlling is monitoring activities to ensure that they are
8、 being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations.第十页,本课件共有106页5.What are managers role?Henry Mintzberg conducted a precise study of managers at work.His findings challenged several long-held beliefs about managers job.He concluded the managers perform ten different,but highly
9、 interrelated roles.Management roles refers to specific categories of managerial behavior.第十一页,本课件共有106页(1)Interpersonal roles included figurehead,leadership,and liaison activities.(2)Informational roles included monitoring,disseminating,and spokesperson activities.(3)Decisional roles included those
10、 of entrepreneur,disturbance handler,resource allocator,and negotiator.第十二页,本课件共有106页6.What are managers skills?Robert L.Katz found though his research in the early 1970s that managers need three essential skills or competencies.(1)Technical skills are skills that include knowledge of and proficienc
11、y in a specialized field.(3)Human skills include the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group.第十三页,本课件共有106页(3)Conceptual skills include the ability to think and to conceptualize about abstract situations,to see the organization as a whole and the relationships among t
12、he various subunits,and to visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment第十四页,本课件共有106页7.Is The Managers Job Universal?(1)All managers perform essentially the same functions,but lower-level managers emphasize leading while upper-level managers spend more of their time planning,orga
13、nizing,and controlling.(2)For the most part,the managers job is the same in both profit and not-for profit organizations.(3)Managers in small businesses tend to emphasize the spokesperson role and are generalists.Also,the formal structure and nature of a managers job in a large organization is repla
14、ced by more informality in a small firm.(4)When managers work in different countries,they often need to modify their practices.第十五页,本课件共有106页8.THE VALUE THE MARKETPLACE PUTS ON MANAGERS Managers earn more than operatives because their decisions have a significant efforts on the organizations perform
15、ance and because of the inadequate supply of effective managers.第十六页,本课件共有106页9.WHY STUDY MANAGEMENT?Management is important in our society today.Accordingly,there are two reasons for studying management.A.We interact with organizations every day of our lives.Every product we use and every action we
16、 take is provided or affected by organizations.these organizations require managers.B.Upon graduating,you will either manage or be managed.A course in management provides insights into the workings of organizations.第十七页,本课件共有106页Chapter TwoTHE EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES管理理论的历史演化管理理论的历史演化第十八页,本
17、课件共有106页商业组织商业组织福特故事福特故事第十九页,本课件共有106页通用汽车公司的危机和变革通用汽车公司的危机和变革通用汽车公司的危机通用汽车公司的危机由于福特公司的降价行为,由于福特公司的降价行为,GMGM公司的销量下降公司的销量下降了了75%75%。福特公司占据了市场份额的福特公司占据了市场份额的5555,而,而GMGM只有只有1111。福特公司拥有明显的成本优势福特公司拥有明显的成本优势产品之间(卡迪拉克、别克、奥克兰、欧茨和产品之间(卡迪拉克、别克、奥克兰、欧茨和雪佛莱之间在自相残杀)雪佛莱之间在自相残杀)第二十页,本课件共有106页变革的动力变革的动力应对措施:按照收入细分市
18、场应对措施:按照收入细分市场困难:营销渠道、客户信息、生产、原材料以困难:营销渠道、客户信息、生产、原材料以及协作问题及协作问题决策更多、更复杂决策更多、更复杂要求组织形式发生改变要求组织形式发生改变第二十一页,本课件共有106页通用公司的多部门结构通用公司的多部门结构放权、每一部门均为其指定的细分市场制放权、每一部门均为其指定的细分市场制造并销售汽车造并销售汽车总部的作用:审察业绩、协调整体战略、总部的作用:审察业绩、协调整体战略、法律和金融问题、确保以市场价格供货(引法律和金融问题、确保以市场价格供货(引入市场的成分)入市场的成分)这使得一些重要决策不是由这使得一些重要决策不是由GMGM总
19、部来做出。总部来做出。第二十二页,本课件共有106页福特的评价福特的评价就我看来,没有比那种有时被称之为就我看来,没有比那种有时被称之为“组组织天赋织天赋”的脑筋更危险的了。它通常会导的脑筋更危险的了。它通常会导致产生一巨大图表,就如一家族系图谱,致产生一巨大图表,就如一家族系图谱,表明权力是如何分枝分叉的,就如树一样。表明权力是如何分枝分叉的,就如树一样。树上缀满了好看的圆草莓,每一个草莓均树上缀满了好看的圆草莓,每一个草莓均带有一个或一办公室的名字。信息从带有一个或一办公室的名字。信息从位于图中左下角的人传至总裁或者董事长位于图中左下角的人传至总裁或者董事长约需六个星期的时间。约需六个星期
20、的时间。第二十三页,本课件共有106页丰田丰田劣势:资金匮乏、企业的规模较小、成本高劣势:资金匮乏、企业的规模较小、成本高变革:变革:适时生产和看板体制:消除生产过程中的存货适时生产和看板体制:消除生产过程中的存货加强与供应商的联系加强与供应商的联系加强员工的培训,使他们可以迅速解决生产过加强员工的培训,使他们可以迅速解决生产过程中的问题程中的问题加快设计的进程加快设计的进程这些例子表明了与企业规模、生产能力及这些例子表明了与企业规模、生产能力及其市场策略相匹配的紧密组织的重要性。其市场策略相匹配的紧密组织的重要性。第二十四页,本课件共有106页简单结论简单结论每一个组织都是相对的每一个组织都
21、是相对的最优而不是绝对的最优最优而不是绝对的最优环境发生改变时,组织环境发生改变时,组织也应该发生改变也应该发生改变管理是一种实践,其管理是一种实践,其本质不在于知而在于本质不在于知而在于行,其验证不在于逻行,其验证不在于逻辑而在于成果。辑而在于成果。第二十五页,本课件共有106页 LECTURE OUTLINE Introduction 1.Historical Background 1.Historical Background 历史背景历史背景 2.The early years2.The early years 早期贡献早期贡献 3.Recent Years:Toward Integr
22、ation3.Recent Years:Toward Integration 近代发展:趋向一体化近代发展:趋向一体化 4.Current trends and issues4.Current trends and issues 现代的趋势和难点问题现代的趋势和难点问题第二十六页,本课件共有106页各路管理之道各路管理之道从日本制造到美国战略;从日本制造到美国战略;从全面质量管理到价值链整合;从全面质量管理到价值链整合;从企业再造到学习型组织;从企业再造到学习型组织;从从ERPERP到六西格玛到六西格玛几乎无一漏网。几乎无一漏网。第二十七页,本课件共有106页1、贡献者、贡献者 一一、泰泰罗罗
23、Frederick W.Taylor(1856-1915);二二、亨亨利利.福福特特Henry Ford(1863-1947);三三、斯斯隆隆Alfred P.Sloan(1875-1966);四四、爱爱得得华华.德德明明W.Edwards Derming(1900-1993);五五、沃沃尔尔.迪迪斯斯尼尼Walt Disney(1901-1966);六六、雷雷.克克拉拉克克Raymond Kloc(1902-1984);七七、彼彼得得.德德鲁鲁克克Perter Drucker(b.1909);八八、Akio Morita(b.1921);九九、杰杰 克克.韦韦 立立 奇奇Jack Welch
24、(B.1935);十十、麦麦克克尔尔.波波特特Michael E.Porter(b.1947);十十一一、比比尔尔.盖盖茨茨Bill Gates(b.1957);十十二二、萨萨姆姆.沃沃尔尔顿顿Sam Wolton(1918-1992);十二、其它贡献者;十二、其它贡献者(上上 述述 资资 料料 来来 源源:BUSINESS STRATEGY,September/October 1999)第二十八页,本课件共有106页2.HISTORICAL BACKGROUND历历史背景史背景(1)The Egyptian Pyramids埃及金字塔 and the Great Wall of China
25、are good examples of tremendous scope that employed tens of thousands of people.How was it possible for those projects to be completed?The answer is management.(2)Even the Bible圣经 refers to management concepts.第二十九页,本课件共有106页(3)The Roman Catholic Church罗马天主教 is often cited as an interesting example
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