高中英语语法专题非谓语动词课件.ppt

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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词谓语动词1)实意动词/行为动词：speak,run,swim2)连系动词：am,isare,look,sound,turn,get3)情态动词：can,should,must4)助动词：do,does,did,have,will非谓语动词1)不定式：todo2)动名词：V+ing3)分词：V+ing(现在分词)V+ed(过去分词)动词非谓语动词非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。(非谓语动词)Shegotoffthebus,leaving herhandbagonherseat.(谓语动词)Shegotoff

2、thebus,but left herhandbagonherseat.非谓语动词不定式：to do(否定not to do)时态语态主动语态 被动语态一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式to have been doing一 非谓语动词A.作主语To talk with himisapleasure.(=Itsapleasuretotalkwithhim.)B.作表语 WhatIwanttodoisto stay with you.C.作定语（注意：不定式作定语在时间上表示将

3、来）Ihavesomeclothesto washtoday.D.作宾语Hedecidedto stay with us.(一)不定式的基本功能非谓语动词E.作状语:表示目的、原因、结果（意料之外）或条件 Icamehereto see you(目的)Wewereveryexcitedto hear the news(原因)Hehurriedtotheschoolto find nobody there(结果)To look at him,youwouldlikehim(条件)非谓语动词F.作宾语补足语 Heaskedmeto do the work with him.【注意】：在feel，h

4、ear，listento，lookat，notice,observe，see，watch，have,let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to但是当句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to。Ioftenhear him singthesong Heis often heard to singthesong非谓语动词G.不定式与疑问词 who，which，when，where，how，what等连用 Hedidntknowwhat to say.(宾语)How to solve the problemisimportant(主语)Myquestioniswhen to start.(表语)【注意】

5、在与why或whynot开头的疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to.Why not havearest?非谓语动词(二)不定式的时态一般式/进行式/完成式Heissaidto be our teacher.=Itissaidthatheisourteacher.20peoplearereportedto have been killedintheaccident.=Itisreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.（不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）Hehappenedtobe workingatthattime.=Ithappenedthathew

6、asworking.（不定式动作与谓语动词同时发生）非谓语动词(三)不定式的语态Doyouhaveanyclothesto wash?(主动：you是wash动作的发出者)Doyouhaveanyclothes to be washedtoday?(被动：you不是wash动作的发出者)非谓语动词(四)不定式易考结构归纳1.不定式动词在but，except，besides后面时，如果这些词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些词后的不定式不带to，否则要带tocan do nothing but do 只能做某事Shecoulddonothingbutcry.cant help but do

7、 sth 情不自禁做某事have no choice/alternative but to do没有选择，只能做某事（考过翻译）Ihavenochoicebuttogo非谓语动词2.“onlyto do”表示出乎意料的结果Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly tobetoldalltheticketshadbeensoldout.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。3.固定结构：be said/believed/reported to do/to be doing/to have doneappear/seem/happen to do/to be doi

8、ng/to have doneHeisbelievedtogoabroadnextweek.(要去做)Heissaidtobeplayingapartinthefilm.(正在做）Heseemstohaveknownthetruth.(已经做)非谓语动词4.the first/second+(名词)+to do sthTomisalwaysthefirst(student)to entertheclassroom.Tom总是第一个到班级。5.固定词组：高考考过：be allowed to do(2次）/be ordered to do/be expected to do/threaten to

9、 do/strive to do/magane to do sth其他考点：tend/intend/fail/determine(bedeterminedtodo)/attempt(尝试）/refuse/hesitate/promise/pretend/decide/berequiredtodo/wait(forsb)todo非谓语动词6.不定式常见句型1)It is+adj+for/of sb.to do sth.Itisimportantforustoexpressouropinious.Itiscleverof himtoworkouttheproblem.2)It is a pleas

10、ure/pity/an honorto do sth.Itisanhonortohaveatalkwithyou.3)It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.Ittakesmeanhourtofinishthebook.4)too+adj./adv.for sb.to do sthThebookistoohardfortheboytoread.非谓语动词动名词 V+ing（否定 not V+ing）时态语态主动语态 被动语态一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having donehaving been done 二 非谓语动词(一)动名词基本功能

11、 A.作主语 Learning Englishisnoteasy.B.作表语 Herjobisteaching English.C.作定语 Thereisa swimming poolinourschool.D.作宾语 Pleasestop talking.（动宾）Weare looking forward to hearingfromyou.（介宾）非谓语动词(二)动名词时态A.一般式(doing)：表示一般性的动作或与谓语同时发生 Weareinterestedinplaying chess.His comingwillbeofgreathelptousB.完成式(having done)

12、：动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前.Imsorryfornot having keptmypromise.我为没有信守诺言表示道歉。非谓语动词(三)动名词的被动语态 Hedidntmindbeing left at home.他并不介意被留在家里。Wecongratulatedhimonhis being admitted to the Party.我们恭喜他入党。非谓语动词(四)动名词的复合结构：（以Tom为例）由“Tomsdoing”或“hisdoing”构成，在句中一般作主语和宾语。A.作主语时，形式为“名词所有格和物主代词+doing”Toms being ill madeh

13、ismotherworriedYour coming here willhelpusalotB.作宾语时，物主代词（可改为人称代词宾格）和名词所有格（可改为普通格）+doingWouldyoumindhis/him openingthewindow？HeinsistedonToms/Tom going ontocollege非谓语动词(五)动名词易考结构归纳1.固定词组高考考过suggest（2次）/appreciate/risk（2次）/consider doing sth其他考点：admit/deny/avoid/delay/escape/feellike/finish/imagine/p

14、ractise/resist/cantstand/bear/mean(意味着）/recommend/mentiondoingsth2.be busy doing sth 忙于做某事be worth doing sth 值得做某事 Isitworthmakingsuchanappointment?be worthy to do/be done 值得做某事 Thissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.非谓语动词3.固定结构Itisnouse/good(in)doingsth做某事没有用Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth做某事没有用havetroubl

15、e/difficulty/problem(in)doingsth做某事有困难 Itisnousetalkingtoomuch.说太多没有用。Thereisnoneedpointingouthismistakes.不需要指出他的错误。非谓语动词4.动词 need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式。need/require/wantdoing(主动表被动)=need/require/wanttobedone Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.玻璃需要清洗。Theflowersrequirewaterin

16、g/tobewatered.花需要浇水。非谓语动词chancetodo碰巧去做某事forgettodo忘记要去做某事goontodo继续又做另一件事remembertodo记得要去做某事stoptodo停下来去做某事trytodo努力做某事regrettodo对将要做的事表示遗憾meantodo打算想做某事5.不定式和动名词做宾语的区别chancedoing冒险试一试做某事forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事goondoing继续做同一件事rememberdoing记得曾做过某事stopdoing停止做某事trydoing试一试做某事regretdoing对做过的事表示遗憾meandoing意

17、味着做某事非谓语动词 Iregret to say Imustleavetomorrow.我遗憾地说我明天必须离开。（没做）Iregret not having toldherearlier.我后悔没有早点告诉她。（做过）Wheredoyou mean to goinyourvacation?放假时，你打算去哪里？Missingthetrainmeans waitingforanotherhour.错过这班火车意味着还要等一小时。非谓语动词分词(V+ing/V-ed)(一)分词基本功能A.分词作定语1)Whoisthemanstandingthere?2)Thisisthesleepingbo

18、y.(主动关系)3)ThisisthebookwrittenbyLuxun.4)Thisisthebrokenwindow.(被动关系)【注意】有些不及物动词的过去分词并不表被动，而是表示时间上的完成，其相应的现在分词表时间上的正在发生。adevelopedcountry发达国家adevelopingcountry发展中国家三 非谓语动词B.分词作表语 Thebookisinteresting.Im interestedinthebook.C.分词做宾语补足语 Iheardsomeone callingmyname.Iheardmy name called.【结论】：分词（分词短语）作宾补位于

19、宾语后；现在分词与宾语为主动关系，过去分词为被动关系。非谓语动词 D.分词作状语1）Hecamein,singinganddancing.（随伴状语）2)Hecamein,followedbyagroupofstudents.（随伴状语）3)Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksbeautiful.（条件或时间状语）4)Whilewalkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.（时间状语）5)Beingill,hecouldntgotoschool.（原因状语）非谓语动词【注意】如何选择现在分词和过去分词，若分词的动作是由句子的主语发出，就用

20、现在分词，反之则用过去分词。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.(use动作由主句I发出，用现在分词)Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.（use主语是sb,不是主句主语book,用过去分词，表被动）非谓语动词(二)分词的时态和语态doing（主动一般式）：分词动作与谓语动作同时发生。Singinganddancing,hecamein.having done（主动完成式）：分词动作在谓语动作之前发生。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.having been done（被动完成式）：分词动作在谓语动作之前

21、发生。Havingbeentoldthenews,hewenttohospitalatonce.非谓语动词being done(被动进行式)：分词动作与谓语动作同时发生Beingbuilt,theschoolwasinamass.done（被动一般式）【注意】用done时，一般并不强调分词动作发生的时间，而是强调动作的方式、原因、条件等：Followedbyagroupofstudents,hecamein.(强调方式)(不用Beingfollowedbyagroupofstudents,hecamein.或Havingbeenfollowedbyagroupofstudents,hecame

22、in.)Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksbeautiful.(强调伴随状况或条件)非谓语动词(三)分词易考结构归纳1.在感官动词和使役动词see，hear，watch，feel，observe，have，listento，notice等动词后，若用现在分词，表示动作正在发生；若用不定式表示动作发生了，(即动作全过程结束了)。Isaw the girl gettingonthetractor Isaw the girl get onthetractoranddriveoff非谓语动词2.固定结构，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。Generallyspeaking,do

23、gscanrunfasterthanpigs.通常而言，狗比猪跑得快。【类似结构】Takingeverythingintoconsideration考虑到一切Judgingfrom/by从.判断Consideringthat考虑到 Takingeverythingintoconsideration，theresultisbetterthanexpected.考虑到一切，结果比预期的好。非谓语动词3.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost

24、/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。Lostinthemountainsforaweek，wewerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.我们在山中迷路了一周，最后被当地警方救了。Seatedinthefront,helistenedtotheteachercarefully.他坐在前排，仔细听讲。非谓语动词非谓语易混淆点1.作定语时，done,being done和to be done的区别 Thisisaproblemdiscussedyesterday.这是一个已经讨

25、论了的问题。（已经完成的被动动作）Thisisaproblembeingdiscussednow.这是一个正在讨论的问题。（正在进行的被动动作）Thisisaproblemtobediscussedtomorrow.这是一个将要讨论的问题。（将要进行的被动动作）通常done表示被动或者已经完成，beingdone表示正在被做，tobedone表示将要被做。【注意】having done/having been done 的形式不可以放在一个名词后面做后置定语。四 非谓语动词2.非谓语动词的否定式-ing形式否定式由“not/never+-ing”构成，不定式的否定式由“not/never to

26、 do”构成。Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime.Nothavingdonetheworkwell,wedecidedtotryagain.非谓语动词3.由介词“with+宾语+to do/doing/done”构成在句中一般作定语和状语。Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Withhishomeworkfinished,heisnowwatchingTV.非谓语动词经典例题1.All flights_ because

27、 of the snowstorm,we decided to take the train.A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled答案：D2.The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding答案：C非谓语动词3.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers

28、ready will be of great help.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having答案：D4.You can never imagine what great difficulty I had _ your house.A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.havingfound答案：B非谓语动词5.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.beingse

29、tup答案：B6.That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce答案：B非谓语动词7._ for a long time,most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A.BeingnorainB.TherewasnorainC.TobenorainD.Therebeingnorain答案：D8.not to miss the flight a

30、t 15:20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded答案：B非谓语动词9.Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers _to her mother on her birthday.AsendBsentCsendingDbeingsent答案：B10.Im afraid well have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems_.AremainingtosettleBremainingtobesettledCremainedtotalkaboutDtoremaintodiscuss答案：B非谓语动词Thank you for your attention!